THJUD — various spellings and meanings

Study of words with TJOD, TJOT, THJOD, THJOT, THJUD, THJUT, TJVD, TJVT, THJVD and TSJOD; starting with the easiest and ending with the least obvious.

 

1. to explain, instruct, mean, translate / meaning

1a) verb: BITHJOD-, BITHJUD-, BITHUT-, BITJOT-, BITJVD-, BITJVT-, BITJVTH-: 'to explain, mean, instruct' (fragments 2f, 13f, 13g-1, 13g-2, 16f)
1b) noun derived from it: BITHJUTNESSE, BITJVDNESE, BITJVTENISE: 'meaning' (fragments 4f, 6, 15e)

Some cognates:
verb:
(be)duiden - Dutch (point to, refer to, suggest, explain, clarify/ signify, indicate, signal, foreshadow)
(be)deuten - German (mean, imply etc./ interpret, point at)
ge-ðiodan - Od English (i.e. 'translate')
þýða - Old Norse
noun:
(Be)deutung - German (interpretation, analysis/ meaning, sense, meaning, significance, importance)
duiding - Dutch (the act of providing meaning or context to help others understand)
adjective:
duidelijk - Dutch (clear, precise, obvious)
deutlich - German (articulate, clear, distinct, considerable)

=== Fragments in Codex Oera Linda === 

2f. Frya’s Tex
[013/15]
HJRA DVMHÉD BITJVTHA
explain her folly

4f. Minerva
[035/01]
THJU BITJVTENISE FON THI NACHT.ULE
the meaning of the night owl

6. Yule, Script, Numbers
[045/25]
THJU BITJVDNESE
its meaning

13f. Primal Teachings 2
[101/25]
BITHJUTA ÀND BIWISA MÜGE
explain and demonstrate

13g. The Unsociable Man
[105/01]
BITHJUDE HIU HIRA BERN
she instructed her children
[106/01]
BITHJOD THÀN JVWE NÉSTA
Instruct your neighbors

15e. Gosa’s Will
[142/20]
THA BITHJUTNESSE LÉRA
teach the meaning

16f. Liudgeart: Panj-ab Report
[165/30]
THET HINDNE BITJOTH
which means ‘hinds’ (deer).

 

Chuds and other ethnic groups
in 9th century Eastern Europe

2. (foreign) people, populace, folk

noun: TJVTH, TJOTH, THJUD, THJOTH: 'people, populace, folk' (note: in OL always used referring to foreign people) 

Related: Dutch, Diets, Deutsch ('German'), Teuton.

=== Fragments in Codex Oera Linda === 

4g. Crete
[039/20]
THA FORSTA ÀND PRESTERA KÉMON BÁRJA THÀT WI HJARA TJVTH OVERHÉRICH MAKAD HÉDE ÀND THÀT FOLK KÉM TO VS VMBE HUL ÀND SKUL.
The princes and priests came and charged that we had made their people [i.e. Cretans] unruly, and the folk came to us for aid and protection.

8a. Magyars and Finns
[052/20]
ÀND HJARA TJOTH HILDON HJA IMMERTHE BINNA THA PÉLON. MEN THAT VRSKALKTON VSA WÁKENDOM.
And they [i.e. the Magyars] always kept their populace [i.e. the Finns] within their boundaries. But that made us complacent.

13d. Ode to Adela
[097/10]
THA FÉRHÉMANDA HÉRA KÉMON HJARA THJUD ASKJA. THÁ HJA SAGON HO SKOTS HJA MISDÉN WÉRON KÉM TORN VP.
Their foreign masters came to look for them [lit.: 'for their people', i.e. three Phoenician sailors] and, seeing how they had been humiliated, became furious.

13i. Apollania’s Journey
[113/05]
DVATH HJA ALSA. [10] SÁ SKILUN THA WICHANDLIKA KNÁPA TO VS KVMA. HJA SKILUN WISER WÀRTHA ÀND RIKKAR. ÀND WI NE SKILUN NÉN BIHOF LONGER NAVT NÀVE AN THÀT WLA THJUD.
If they do so, the boldest young men will come to us. They shall become wiser and richer, and we shall no longer have need of those useless types [lit.: 'that foul/vile folk'].

19f. Askar’s Failure
[209/05]
THA [10] FOLKAR THAM AN HIM PÁLADON. HÉTON HJARA SELVA THJOTH.HIS SVNA THAT IS FOLK.HIS SVNA.
The peoples closest to him called themselves‘Thioth’s Sons’ (Teutons) — that is ‘folk’s sons’. 

 

see below

3. wicked, exotic, alien, strange ('of foreign people'?)

3a) adjective in compound noun: TSJOD.IS.HÉD (fragment 16e): 'wickedness'
3b) adjective in seemingly negative context: THJVD, TJODA (fragments 1b, 19c, 19d): 'exotic', 'alien', 'strange' ('of the foreign people', 'unwelcome here'?)

(Probably) related: Frisian 'tsjoed', Sami tshudde or čuđđe, Tschuden, Chuds. See notes below.

=== Fragments in Codex Oera Linda === 

1b. Adela’s Advice
[002/15]
THÉR HÉRDON HJA MITH LUSTUM NÉI THA VRDWÁLSKA [20] FINNA SÁGUM. THRVCHDAM HJA THJVD ÀND NÉI WÉRON. SÁ SEND HJA VNT.FRYA.ST VNTHÔNKES THENE WALD HJARAR ALDRUM. (the manuscript has twice ÀND after THJVD, which I think is a more common copyist error. Overwijn read this as THJVDAND ÀND NÉI. Menckens also read 'thjudänd' as one word.)
There, they listened eagerly to the outrageous sagas of the Finns, because they were exotic and new. This is how, despite the authority of their parents, they lost their Fryas identity.

16e. Gosa: Purity of Language
[159/15]
IN HJARA TSJOD.IS.HÉD SEND HJA TO GVNGEN ÀND HÀVON ÔTHERA TÁLA FORSVNNEN TILTHJU HJA HÉMLIK MACHTE SPRÉKA IN [20] ÀJENWARTHA FON ALREK ÔTHERUM. VR ALLE BOSA THINGA ÀND VR ALLE VNWÉRTHLIKA THINGA SVNDER THÀT STEMLÉTH HJAM VRRÉDA MOCHT NACH SKÁMRÁD HJARA GELÁT VRDERVA.
In their wickedness, they went about inventing different languages, so as to speak secretly in the presence of others about all evil things and about all unworthy things without a stammer betraying them or a blush tainting their visage.

19c. Reintia’s Dream
[204/20]
BY THA TWISK.LANDAR SEND FÉLO TJODA PLÉGA FON THA TARTARUM ÀND MAGJARA BINNA GLUPTH MEN ÁK FÜL SEND [25] THÉR FON VSA SÉDUM BILÉWEN. THÉR THRVCH HÀVATH HJA JETA FÁMNA THÉR THA BERN LÉRA ÀND THA ALDA RÉD JEVA.
Among the Twisklander, many alien habits had crept in from the Tartars and Magyars, but many of our customs remained. Hence, they still have maidens who teach the children and advise the old.

19d. Askar Lost to Idolatry
[205/15]
FRÉTHO.GUNSTA KÉM EN JÉR LÉTER TO STÁVEREN. BI HJARA FOLGAR WÉRE ÁK ÉNEN MÁGÍ HWAND THA JUTTAR WÉRON [15] SUNT LÔNG VRBRUD. KIRT AFTER THÀT ÁSKAR MITH FRÉTHO.GUNSTA BOSTIGJATH WAS WÀRTH THÉR TO STÁVEREN ÉNE SCHERKE BVWED. INNA THJU SCHERKE WRDON TJODA DROCHTEN LÍKANDA BYLDON [20] STALTH. MITH GOLD TRVCH WROCHTNE KLÁTHAR. ÁK IS ER BIWÉRATH THAT ÁSKAR THÉR NACHTIS ÀND VNTÍDIS MITH FRÉTHO.GUNSTA FÁR NITHER BUWGADE.
Frethogunsta came to Staveren one year later. Among her followers was a magus, for the Jutters had long been corrupted. Shortly after the marriage of Askar and Fretho­gunsta, a temple was built at Staveren, in which strange idols were placed, clothed in garments embroidered with gold. There were rumors that Askar would bow down to them with Frethogunsta at night and at ungodly times.

fragment	Ott 2023	Menckens 2013	Jensma 2004	Overwijn 1951	Wirth 1933	Sandbach 1876	Ottema 1876
1b	exotic	volksnah	slecht	dubbelzinnig	deutungsvoll	bad	geestig (1872: slecht)
16e	wickedness	Verschlagenheit	slechtheid	zigeunerachtigheid	Schlechtigkeit	wickedness	ondeugendheid
19c	alien	Volks-	slechte	Zigeuner-	übele	bad	kwade
19d	strange	volkliche	kwade	Magiaanse	üble	( - )	boze

'tsjoed' in 'Friesch Woorden-
boek' Dijkstra & Buitenrust
Hettema A-H (1896)

Notes:

• 'Tsjoed' in (modern) Frisian means 'wrong', 'bad', 'evil'.
• On the Tschuden/Chuds wiki:  (German): "Die mündliche Überlieferung der Samen und nördlichen Karelier ist reich an Geschichten über als Tschuden bezeichnete Räuber und Feinde" (translated: "Oral tradition of the Sami and northern Karelians abounds with stories of robbers and enemies known as Chuds") // (English): "another hypothesis contends that it is derived from the Sami word tshudde or čuđđe, meaning an enemy or adversary" 
• THJONSTER is 'sorceress' and THJUSTER(NESSE) is 'dark(ness)', mostly used in negative context. 
• Overwijn (1941, pp. xxxviii-ix) refers to Tsjoedi/Tsjoegi/Tsoegi => tsigoe, tsigeu => Tsigane, Tsigoin, Zigeun(er); i.e. 'gypsy'. Overwijn (1951, p. 90c) "de verzamelnaam voor Finnen, Letten, Esthen en Lappen in het Russisch is: Tsjoedskïï" van "Tsjodis of Tsjoedis".
  

===

If 2) means 'foreign people' (in a negative sense: unwelcome here), 3) could originally mean 'of the foreign people' in short 'foreign' or 'strange', but in a negative sense: 'alien'.

I think 'Tschuden' can be explained from the Fryas word. But I don't see a clear link between 1) and 2)/3) yet. 

C.H.U.D. (1984) - Trailer

4f. Minerva [035/05] "a certain kind of people wander the earth, who, [...] house themselves in temples and caves, gnawing in the dark. [...] to invent deceptions, to rob other people of their knowledge so they can more easily seize and enslave them, and suck their blood like leeches"

ÉR - honor

Mrs. Rohde (born 1843) with the
German Mother's Cross of Honor
in gold on her 100th birthday,
then mother of 8, grandmother
of 22, great-grandmother of 9
and g-g-grandmother of 2.

[updated 8/9 Feb. 2026]

Besides 'ere' (previous post), ÉR in the Fryas language could also mean 'honor', a concept that has lost much of its meaning in our days. The word seems related to the term Arya(n).

noun
Ehre - German
eer - Dutch, Afrikaans
eare - Frisian
ære - Danish, Norse
ära - Swedish
honor - English

verb
Ehren - German
eren - Dutch
eer - Afrikaans
earje - Frisian
ære - Danish, Norse
ära - Swedish
to honor - English

varieties used in Oera Linda, with numbers of the fragments below

• ÉR, ÉRA, ÉRE - honor (noun): Cb', D5, Ea, Ec, Mb, P'', R1, R2a, R4b', S1a', T1, U3c
• VN-ÉR, VN-ÉRE - dishonor, shame: S1a', S1a'''
• ÉRA, ÉRANE, ÉRATH - honor/ -ed (verb): Ee', F1c'', K2'', L1a'', R4b'', T2c
• ÉRSÉM - honorable, worthy: Cb''
• ÉRLIK - honest, truthful, honorably: Ee'', F1c'
• ÉRE-MODER/-MODAR - honorary/ honorable/ honored mother (title): D4, F2'', Ge, H, N2b, P', S1c, T4, Y''
• ÉRE-NÁMA, ÉRE NÔMA, ÉRE-NÔME, ÉRNÔMA - honorable/ honorary name, title, term of endearment: F1a, F1b', F2', L1a'
• ÉREWÉDVE - widow of honor: F1b''
• ÉRE RÁWER - slanderer, lit.: honor-robber: Gd
• ÉR-RIK - honorable, lit.: honor-rich: K2'
• ÉR.BJADENESSE, ÉRBIDENESE, ÉRBEDENESE, ÉR.BÍDNESSE - respect, reverence: L2a, S3a, T2b, Y'

=== fragments in Codex Oera Linda ===

Cb. Adela’s Advice

[004/] THÀT.ER [...] WEL ACHTE [BURCH-FÁMNA] SEND THÉR NÉI THÉRE ÉRA DINGE.
[that] no fewer than eight [burgmaids] desire the honor.
[004/] ALSA FÉLO ÉRSÉMA TOGHATERA VMBE TO LÉRANE
as many worthy daughters [...] to come and study

D4. Frya’s Tex
THÉRVMBE MOST J HJA TO JO [014] ÉRE-MODER NÉMA.
Therefore, you must make her your honorary mother.

D5. Festa’s Guidance

[014/] THÀT IS VSA PLICHT VMBE [ÉWA] AN ÉRA TO HALDANDE.
it is our duty to honor [the eawa’: laws]. (lit.: ‘to hold in honor’)

Ea. Burg Laws
[017/] IS.ER AL BURCH-HÉR SA SKIL HI THJU ÉR VRLJASA.
If he is already a lord, he shall lose the honor.

Ec. Defence Laws
[022/] IS THI KÉNING THRUCH THENE FYAND FALLEN SA [25] MÜGON SINA SIBBA ÁK NÉI THÉRE ÉRE THINGA.
If the king is killed by the enemy, his next of kin may vie for the honor.

Ee. Security and War Aftermath
[025/] BY THA FÉSTUM ACHON HJA FORÁNA TO SITTANA. TILTHJU THA JÜGED SKIL ÉRA HJAM.
At feasts, they must sit in the front so that the youth may honor them.
[026/10] THAN NE MÜGON HJA HJARA LOFTA NAVT NI HALDA ÀND TACH ÉRLIK BILÍWA.
This way, they may avoid keeping their promises and yet remain truthful.

F1a. Preventing War
[027/] FORTH HI EN ÉRE-NÁMA VPPA SINE SKELD FON SINA ÉTHELUN. SA NE MÜGON SINA SIBBA THI NÁMA NAVT LÔNGER NE FORA. THÉRVMBE THÀT THI ÉNE SIBBA SVRG SKIL HÀVA OVIRA [10] SÉDE THÉRA ÔTHERA.
If he bears an honorable name from his ancestors on his shield, his kinsmen shall no longer have the right to bear the name, in order that families will feel responsible for one another’s conduct.

F1b. Laws for the Seafarers
[027/] STJURAR IS THI ÉRE NÔMA THÉRA BUTTA FÁRAR.
‘navigators’ is the title given to the seafarers
[028/] MAR THÀN MOT HJA FORTH ÉREWÉDVE BILYVA HJRA LÉVA LÔNG.
But then she must remain an honorable widow all her life.

F1c. Useful Precedents
[029/] SA MAN THÉR NAVT BUTA NE KÀN. SA MOT MAN THÀT ÉRLIK ÀND RIUCHTFÉRDICH DVA.
if we cannot get out of it, we must honorably and justly pass judgment.
[030/] TILTHJU VSA NÁMA VR AL MITH ÉRANE SKIL WERTHA BINOMATH.
in order that our name should everywhere be deemed honorable. (lit.: ‘be mentioned with honoring’)

F2. Minerva
[034/] THÀT FOLK THÀT HJA MINNADE ÀND HJA FOLGADE NAM THIS NÔME TO-N ÉRE-NÔME AN.
the folk, who loved her and followed her, took up this name as a title of honor.
[038/] FÀSTA VSA FORMA ÉRE-MODER
Festa, our first honorable mother

Gd. Punishments for the traitorous
[043/] THRVCH THAT EN ÉRE RÁWER ÁK THÉR IS TO FRÉSANE.
because, even there, a slanderer is to be feared.

Ge. Three Thieves
[044/] THJU ÉRE MODER WAS ET SÉID
It was reported to the honorable mother

H. Yule and Script
[045/] THÁ FÀSTA ÉRE-MODER WÉRE
when [Festa] was honorary mother

K2. Wodin
[054/] HWAT SKOLDE THAT ÉR-RIK FÁRI WÉSA
What honor you would earn (lit.: ‘how honor-rich would that be for you’)

[056/04] MAGJARA ÀND [5] FINNA. THÉR FRYA NER WODIN ÉRA NAVT NILDE.
Magyars and Finns, who would honor neither Frya nor Wodin.

L1a. The War of Kelta and Minerva
[062/19] THA [20] LAND-SÁTA MÉNADON THAT ET EN ÉRNÔMA WÉRE.
the land-dwellers took this to be a term of endearment.
[062/] LIK EN WR-LANDESKE FORSTINE WILDE HJU ÉRATH FRÉSATH ÀND BÉDEN WÉSA.
Like a foreign princess, she desired to be honored, feared, and worshiped.

L2a. Jon and Minerva Resettle
[071/] FRÉJATH HJA MITH ÉR-BJADENESSE VM ÍSERNE BURCHWÉPNE
[they] respectfully (lit.: ‘with respect’) asked for iron weapons for burg defense

Mb. Athenia in Decline
[078/] NÉIDAM RIKDOM BY THÀT VRBRÛDE ÀND VRBASTERDE SLACHT FÉR BOPPA DÜGED ÀND ÉRE JELDE
Because wealth was much more important than virtue and honor to this spoiled and corrupted brood

N2b. Battle of Medeasblik
[086/] THV HEST VSE ÉRE-MODER NÉI THA BODEM FONA SÉ SVNDEN
You sent our honored mother to the bottom of the sea

P. Adelbrost: Intrigues and Division
[088/] EN ÉRE-MODER ÁCHT ALSA RÉN IN RA MOD TO WÉSÁNE AS HJA BUTA BLIKTH
An honorary mother must be as pristine within as she outwardly appears
[088/] BI THÉRE MODERIS LÉVA WRDIM THER GRÁTE [25] ÉR BIWÉSEN
while the mother was still alive, he had been regarded there with great honor

R1. Adel-Bond Alliance
[090/] MEN ALRAMÀNNALIK WILDET HÀVA TO ÉRE FON MINA MÀM.
but all [wanted to have it (that way)] to [the] honor [of] my mother.

R2a. A Treacherous Maid
[092/24] ÀND [25] NÉIDAM HETH MARA-DÉL FON HÍR WÉI KÉM NILDET TÜNTJA THJU ÉRE NAVT NE GUNA.
and the majority, being from here, refused to grant Tuntia the honor.

R4b. Primal Teachings 2
[100/29] GÍRIGA DROCHTNE FVL NÍD ÀND [30] TORN. THAM ÉRATH ÀND THJANATH WILLATH WÉSA THRVCH THA MÀNNISKA
greedy divinities, full of envy and wrath, who demand to be honored and served by the people

[101/] HJARA FALXA DROCHTNE TO-N ÉRE
in honor of their false divinities

S1a. Grievances
[113/27] TÉR BURCH LJUDGARDA, HWÉRFON THA NÔME AN VNÉR KVMEN IS.

the burg Liudgarda, the name of which has fallen into disrepute.

[114/02] THA GODA MÀNNISKA TO-N-ÉRE THA ARGA TO VN-ÉRE.
to [the] honor [of] the good and to [the] shame [of] the bad.

S1c. The Black Men
[117/] IN 282 JÉR NÉDON WI NÉN ÉRE-MODER NAVT HAT
For 282 years, we had not had an honorary mother.

S3a. Alexander the King

[121/] THÉRVMBE SEND WI FVL ÉRBIDENESE TOFARA JOWA WÉPNE, THA JET MAR VR THINA WITSKIP.
so we are full of respect for your weapons, and yet more for your prowess.

T1. Introduction Wilyo
[134/09] IK HÀV [10] THÉR FÜL LÉT VR HAD ÁND WIL THUS ÁK THJU ÉRE HÀ.
I went to great lengths to secure them and, thus, desire the honor for doing so.

T2b. Yesus of Kashmir
[136/] THÀT FOLK SKOWDE HIM MITH ÉRBEDENESE
The folk regarded him with reverence

T2c. Bald Priests in Rags

[141] WR-ALDA HIS GÁST SKIL AL-OMME [10] ÀND ALLERWÉIKES ÉRATH ÀND BIHROPA WERTHA.
Wralda’s spirit will be honored and invoked everywhere and always.

T4. Gosa’s Prophecy
[142/] IK NÀV NÉNE ÉRE-MODER BINOMAD THRVCH DAM IK NÉNE NISTE
I have nominated no honorable mother, because I knew of none

U3c. Purity of Language
[159/] ALLE THA JENA HWAM HJA AN ÉRE HALDA HÀVATH THÉR GÔME FON.
all those who hold it in honor are blessed.

Y. Rika: Title Theft
[189/] MIN ÉR-BÍDNESSE TO JO.
I bid you my respects.
[191/] NAVT ALLÉNA THÀT HJA FRYA ÀND THA ÉRE-MODAR FON HJARA GLOR-RIKA NÔMA [30] BIRÁWA WILLE
not only are they intent on stealing from Frya and the honorable mother their exalted titles

"my honor implies loyalty"

Related words: SKANTHA, SKÔNDA, SKÔM, SKÁM (shame, dishonor); GLOR.NÔMA, GLOR.RIKA NÔMA, GLOR.RIKA DÉDUM (glorious names/deeds).

Some fragments related to [017] ÉR VRLJASA en [043] ÉRERÁWAR:

• [012] MIN FÁMNA SKOLDON JO BITÍZA FON FÀDERRÁV
• [191] HJARASELVA SKELDICH MÁKJA AN GLORNÔMARÁV
• [191] THÀT HJA … FON HJARA GLORRIKA NÔMA [30] BIRÁWA WILLE
• [192] THÀT JY THRVCH THÀT NÔMRÁWA BÉTRE WERTHE

ÉR - ere, earlier, before, once

'look ere you leap': explorer and naval admiral
Jacob van Heemskerck and navigator Willem Barents
prepare their second expedition to the far North,
by Christoffel Bisschop 1862 (source)

ÉR (once, earlier) - 1, 2, 5, 13, 20, 23, 26, 27, 30, 40, 42, 45 (fragment nrs. in list below)
ÉR (before ...) - 3, 4, 7, 8, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 25, 28, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36

as adjective, in expression:
ÉRA TÍDA (early times) - 6, 34
ÉRE GRÁTHÉD (former greatness) - 38

superlative:
THENE/THA ÉROSTA/-E (noun: the first) - 9, 33, 39
ÉROSTA/-E (adjective: earliest, first) - 15, 24, 37, 41, 46
ÉROST (at first) - 10, 11, 12, 18, 22, 44
ÉRIST ( ,, ) - 43

Fragments in Codex Oera Linda:

1. HO GRAT VS LÁND ÉR WÉSEN SÍ
how great our lands once were
2. THINGA THÉR IK ÉR NAVT SEDSA NE MACHTE
things that earlier I had no chance to say
3. SAHWERSA HJU FALTH ÉR HJU.T DÉN HETH
should she die without [lit.: before] having done so
4. ÉR HJU MITH HIRA TOCHTIGE ÁDAMA THÀT LJUCHT BIWLATH
before she pollutes the light with her unchaste breath
5. NAVT ÉR VRSELLATH NE WERTHA
not be sold before
6. IN ÉRA TÍDA
In early times
7. ÉR HI AN SINA RÉNA KVMTH
before he reaches its boundaries
8. ÉR ER FAT WRDE
before he is caught
9. NW GVNG THENE ÉROSTA TO ÀND BROCHT THENE THJAF BY THA SKELTE
The first owner brought his thief to court
10. WARTH ER ÉROST EN B TO FARA HIARA STÀR PRIKED.
a ‘B’ was first tattooed on their foreheads
11. THÉR HJU ÉROST FJELDA HÉDE
there where before had been plains
12. NW KVMATH THA SKÉDNESE FON NÉF.TÜNIS ÀND SIN NÉF INKA ÉROST RJUCHT VPPET PAT
Here is where the history of Nef-Tunis and his kinsman Inka rightly begins
13. LIK HI WEL ÉR DÉN HÉDE
as he had done before.
14. ÉR THES KRODER.S JOL ÉNIS OMHLÁPEN HÉDE
before the Bearer’s Yule had made one turning
15. IN THA ÉROSTA JÉRA
In the earliest years
16. ÉR THA WÉRE RÉD WÉRE
Before the defense was ready
17. WRALDA WAS ÉR ALLE THINGA
Wralda existed before all things
18. ÉROST FON OVER MIN BURCH
first about my burg
19. ÉR EN BURCH.FÁM HJRA STÉD INNIMT
Before a burgmaid can take up her post
20. THACH HÉD.IK HJA ÉR NAVT SPRÉKEN HÉRED
though without that knowledge
21. ÉR HJA JÀ SEZA
before they say ‘yes’
22. THAN MOST ÉROST TO GA ÀND LÉRA
Then first you must go and learn
23. LIK HI ÉR DÉN HÉDE
as he had done before
24. ÉROSTE FORST
commander-in-chief
25. ÉR HI THAT DÉDE
before leaving [lit.: before he did that]
26. HWÉR THJU STRÉTE ÉR WÉST HÉDE
where the strait had once been
27. SÁ THA KÉNINGGAR FON THIRIS ÉR WÉSEN HÉDE
than any of the Tyrian kings had ever been
28. ÉR THRJA MÔNATHA FORBY WÉRON
before three months had passed
29. ÉR THÀT.ER BIJINA KVSTE
before he could even start
30. THÉR.I ÉR WÉST HÉDE
where he had been before
31. THÀT NIMMAN SKIATA NE MACHTE ÉR HY SKÁTEN HÉDE
to wait until he had shot first
32. ÉR THRJA MÔNATHA OM HLÁPEN WÉRON
within three months
33. THENE ÉROSTE FON SIN FOLK
the first of his folk
34. IN ÉRA TIDA
In early times
35. ÉR HJA JÉRICH WÉRON
in their early years
36. ÉR IK FOLGSTER NÔMATH HÉDE
before I have named a successor
37. FON SIN ÉROSTE WIF
From his first marriage
38. HJAR ÉRE GRÁTHÉD
their former greatness
39. THA ÉROSTA HÉTON HJARA SELVA MODER HIS SVNA
The first named themselves ‘Mother’s Sons’
40. SÁ AS.K ÉR SÉIDE
as I said before
41. SIN ÉROSTE SVNV
His first son
42. THÉR ÉR RIUCHTFÉRDICHHÉD WELDE
where justice once ruled
43. THÀT SKIL ÉRIST BÉRA
that shall not come to pass until
44. IN.T ÉROST
Initially
45. THÉR ÉR AN KÀLTA HÉRDE
that once belonged to Kelta
46. THENE ÉROSTE KÀNING
their first king

====

note ÉR in this case is probably short for THÉR: THÉR THRVCH NIS ÉR NÉNE KÉREN

ÉRSÉKE - 'ere-sake': cause of an effect

depictions with causes and consequences of marriage, by Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki, 1788 (source, source)

ÉRSÉKE, plural. ÉRSÉKA
'cause', as in 'cause and effect': reason for something taking place or for something being so; rational explanation.

Some modern cognates:
oorzaak - Dutch
oorsaak - Afrikaans
oarsaak - Frisian
Ursache - German
årsagen - Danish
årsaken - Norse
orsaken - Swedish
orsökin - Icelandic

Compound word of:

ÉR (superlative: ÉROST)
ere (first) - English
eer (eerst) - Dutch
ehe (erst) - German
etc.

and:

SÉK(E), plur. SÉKA/-UM
sake (case, thing, matter) - English
zaak - Dutch
Sache - German
etc.

- - -

Some Oldfrisian dictionaries seem to have limited understanding of the word:

Koebler: êrseke 2, afries., F.: nhd. alte Feinschaft; ne. animosity

Hettema 1832

Richthofen 1840

The same applies to the Dutch etymology site:

Derivation with 'oor-' with the noun 'zaak' (case) in the sense of ‘dispute, strife, lawsuit’. The original meaning is "ground for contention and accusation, cause for hostile action," in accordance with the oldest sense of 'case'.

Fragments in Codex Oera Linda:

1b. Adela’s Advice [002/10]
HJA HÀVON ÍNES ÔTHER.IS FRYDOM BINIMEN ÀND THÀT IS ÉRSÉKE THÀT HJA HJARA AJN VRLÉREN HÀWE.
They took the freedom of another and that is why they have lost their own freedom.

9c. Kelta and the Gools [068/10]
THRVCH AL THESSA ÉRSÉKA KVN HJRA FOLK NAVT NI LÉRA.
As a result of all this, her folk could not learn.

12. Adelbrost: Intrigues and Division [087/25]
SJVGUN MÔNATHA ÀFTER WERTH.ER EN MÉNA ACHT BILIDSEN ÀND WEL TO GRÉNEGÁ UT ÉRSÉKE THAT ANNA SAXANNA MARKA PÁLTH.
After seven months, an assembly was planned in Greanega, since it is close to the Saxonmarks.

13b. A Treacherous Maid [091/20]
HJU HÉDE IMMERTHE WÉNICH WÉST THÀT HJU MODER SKOLDE WERTHA UT ÉRSÉKE THÀT HJU HÍR VPPER BURCH SAT HWANA MÉST ALLE MODERUM KÉREN WÉRON.
She had always hoped to become Folksmother because she sat in the burg here, where most elected mothers had been burgmaids.

18. Rika: Title Theft [189/10]
THACH THÀT WÉTHATH JY ALLE. THÀT HY WARTH AL.FÉDER HÉTEN. UT ÉRSÉKE THÀT ALLES INUT IM WARTH ÀND WAXTH TO FÉDING SINRA SKEPSELA.
But this you all know, that he is called ‘All-feeder’, because everything comes from and grows out of him, so that his creations may be fed.

Fragments with SÉK(-E/-A/-UM); in many cases the translation is paraphrased, not literal:

SEND MY FÉLO SÉKA BÁR WRDEN
many things have been revealed to me
IS THJU SÉK VR ÉNE STÁTE
If the affair concerns only one district
BY ALLE SÉKUM
Upon all matters
ÉNNE RJUCHTLIKA SÉKE
any judicial question
FINDATH HJU THJU SÉKE TVIVELIK
she deems the case doubtful
THA MÉNA SÉKA
the common cause
NETLIKA SÉKA
Useful precedents
VR ENZE SÉKA THA VR LÁND
over some cause or piece of land
SÉKA. STRIDANDE WITH VSA FRYA SÉDUM
matters that are in conflict with our Frya morals
VMBE AN MÉNA SÉKA TO NOMANDE
for mundane use
ALLE SÉKUM BINN ÁTHÉNJA
all cases in Athenia
THÁS ÀRGE SÉKE
his cruel plot
EN SÉKE THÉR FÉLON STÁTHA TROF
a case concerning several districts
AL THISSA SÉKA HETH HJRA BODA SELVA BILIAD.
All this was confessed by her messenger himself.
THISSA SÉKA MOTON KLÁR ÀND BÁR MÁKAD WRDA
These facts must be made clear and manifest
THA ÔRA SÉKA FINTH MAN VPPA ÔRA THRJA.
The remaining three walls hold other texts.
NÉN LJUCHT NER KLÁRHÉD IN THJUSE SÉKE
no light or clarity in this matter
KESTLIKA SÉKUM
precious things
MEN THA JONGA FÁMNA SPÔND.ER MITH GOLDNE FIN’GRUM AN SINA SÉK.
but with golden fingers he wove the young maidens into his project.
SVMLIKA SÉKA THÉR MIN TÁT ALLÉNA JELDE
some parts which concern only my father
THÉRVMBE NE THURVATH SE FAR HJARA SÉK NIT ÔPENTLIK UT NI KVMA.
Therefore, the people dare not openly declare their creed.
MITH HWAMHIS HELPE HI ALLE SÉKUM ÁSKTE
with whose help he pushed through all policies

= = = possibly related: SÉKUR: sure, secure; (BI)SÉKA(NE): seek; SÉKROPS (name); NÉDSÉKTE: necessitated (Dutch: 'noodzaakte')

More about ÉR in a following post.

Welcome to The Oera Linda Forum

... for research, discussion, inspiration, connection.

Free entrance here.
 

Livestream "Spirit and man" at Snorkelblog

On December 11, this experimental, intercontinental (Asia, Europe, North America) conversation was livestreamed and recorded on the Odysee video platform:

The Oera Linda - Spirit and man with Jan Ott

Chat start at 7:44; length 2 hours and 20 minutes.

On the same channel, there have been other good monologues and a discussion about or related to Oera Linda:

Recorded shortly before the conversation above, but uploaded after: "Nature and man in opposition to the Torah". On April 14: "Oera Linda and new perspectives on the soul", introduction to "Discussing the Oera Linda with Sun_N_Rad".

Translation improvements — some more examples

Wholesome Wheeltide

As a follow-up to the translation-improvements from the previous blog post, here are some more examples, some of which have been reported earlier.

D - Dutch, E - English, G - German

original fragment: chapter, page/line, transliteration (Codex Oera Linda)	8c. Tunis and Inka Depart [056/31] THAT HÉDE THJU MODER BISJOWATH	14e. Demetrius and Friso [129/23] NÉI THAT WI TWA DÉGA FORTH PILATH HÉDE
D: Ottema (1876)	dat had de Moeder besteld	na dat wij twee dagen voort gesukkeld hadden
E: Sandbach (1976)	for so the mother had ordered	after two days' slow sailing
G: Wirth (1933)	das hatte die Mutter bestellt	[not translated]
D: Overwijn (1951)^	dat had de Moeder bestierd	nadat wij twee dagen hadden voortgesukkeld
D: Jensma (2004)	dat had de Moeder besteld	nadat wij twee dagen voortgepield hadden
G: Menckens (2013)	das hatte die Mutter angeordnet	nachdem wir zwei Tage weiter gesegelt/gepilgert waren
E: Ott (2022)*	this had been signaled by the mother	after we had hurried on for two days

* Fragments 8c (discussed in 2016 post) and 14e (discussed in 2017 post) in context:

When Tunis wished to return home with his ships, he went first towards the Denmarks. But he was not permitted to land there; this had been signaled by the mother. Also at Fleeland he was not permitted to land, nor anywhere else. He would thus have perished with his men from want and hardship. Therefore, they went robbing the lands by night and sailing by day.

Everyone shouted and cheered, but the cries of our adversaries were so horrid that our hearts were crushed. When Friso thought it was enough, he called us off and we sped away. But after we had hurried on for two days, another fleet of thirty ships came into view, gaining on us all the time. Friso had us prepare again, but the other fleet sent forward a light longboat full of rowers. Messengers bade us on behalf of them all for permission to join us.

original fragment: chapter, page/line, transliteration (Codex Oera Linda)	8b. Wodin and the Magus [056/15] THÉRA (...) THAM LÉTON HINI BIDOBBA	16b. Friso: Alliances [149/15] HO FRISO ALLE TO BIDOBBE WISTE
D: Ottema (1876)	Zij (...) lieten hem tobben	hoe Friso allen wist te bedotten
E: Sandbach (1976)	Those (...) let him work his own way	how Friso understood deceiving everybody
G: Wirth (1933)	Die (...) ließen ihn gewähren	wie Friso alle hineinzulegen wußte
D: Overwijn (1951)^	Zij (...) lieten hem begaan	hoe Friso allen wist te bedotten
D: Jensma (2004)	Zij (...) die lieten zich afschepen	hoe Friso allen wist af te schepen
G: Menckens (2013)	Diejenigen (...) die ließen ihn gewähren/ toben	wie Friso alle zu beeinflussen/ becircen wußte
E: Ott (2022)*	Those (...) let him have his way	how Friso succeeded in winning them all over

* Fragments 8b and 16b (discussed in 2017 post) in context:

While all were nagging and quarreling, he crowned the boy king and installed himself as his guardian, representative, and counselor. Those who prized a full belly above justice let him have his way. But the good men took their departure.

In the midst of their discussion, my messengers arrived at his court with the Sealander lords. Pay attention to how Friso succeeded in winning them all over, satisfying both parties and benefiting his own endeavor: He promised the Sealanders fifty ships a year, of a fixed size and for a fixed price, equipped with iron chains and crossbows, and fully rigged with what is useful and essential on warships, on condition that they would leave the Jutters in peace, as well as all the folk belonging to Frya’s children.

original fragment: chapter, page/line, transliteration (Codex Oera Linda)	15b. Hellenia: Princes and Priests [135/01] HJARA SELVA TO SKÁDENE*	8a. Magyars and Finns [052/10] THAT HJA THA ÀRGE GÁSTON BANNA ÀND VRBANNA MÜGON
D: Ottema (1876)	om zich te verzadigen	dat zij de booze geesten kunnen bannen en verbannen
E: Sandbach (1976)	and to satisfy them	that they can exorcise and recall the evil spirits**
G: Wirth (1933)	[not translated]	daß sie böse Geister bannen und ausbannen können
D: Overwijn (1951)^	en zich te verzadigen	dat zij de boze geesten kunnen bannen en uitbannen
D: Jensma (2004)	tot schade van henzelf (this was correct)	dat zij de erge geesten kunnen bannen en verbannen
G: Menckens (2013)	sie selbst zur Sättigung (with footnote)	daß sie die bösen/argen Geister bannen und verbannen (ver)mögen
E: Ott (2022)***	and to their own detriment	that they can summon and banish the evil spirits

* SADENE in original was corrected, conform [022/18] SKADANE, [033/14] SKÁDANE and [060/08] SKÁDNE
** Sandbach seems to have guessed right, but changed the word order. All others chose the simplest translation 'bannen' for BANNA, without realizing (or making clear) that it means summon (a very archaic meaning) instead of the modern meaning 'banish' (being synonym to 'verbannen').
*** Fragments 15b (discussed in 2020 post) and 8a in context:

In early times, the slave peoples knew nothing of freedom. Like oxen they were brought under the yoke. Into Earth’s bowels they were driven to delve for metal, and from the hard rock of the mountains they were compelled to chisel out plush residences as homes for princes and priests. Nothing of all their work was for themselves; all was to make the princes and priests ever richer and more powerful, and to their own detriment. Working in such a way, they turned gray and rigid in their early years, and they died without ever experiencing joy in life, despite the abundance Earth offers to all her children.

They are not to be envied, for they are slaves of the priests and, worse still, of their beliefs. They believe that evil spirits are everywhere and enter into people and animals. But of Wralda’s spirit they know nothing. The Finns have stone weapons, while the weapons of the Magyars are of copper. The Magyars claim that they can summon and banish the evil spirits. The Finns are constantly in fear because of this, and their faces never show signs of joy.

original fragment: chapter, page/line, transliteration (Codex Oera Linda)	16a. Canals and Dykes [143/25] MEN FRIA.S FOLK IS DIGER ÀND FLITICH. HJA WRDON MOD NER WIRG THRVCHDAM HJARA DOL TO THA BESTA LÉIDE.	16a. Canals and Dykes [143/30] EN GODE HÉM BÛTA THA HRING.DIK. THÉR THJU DÁNTE HETH FON EN HOF
D: Ottema (1876)	Maar Fryas volk is wakker en vlijtig, zij werden moede noch mat, omdat hun doel ten beste geleidde.	een goede hemrik buiten den ringdijk, die de gedaante heeft van een hoef
E: Sandbach (1976)	but Frya's people were neither tired nor exhausted when they had a good object in view.	a good space of land outside the rampart, which had the form of a hoof
G: Wirth (1933)	Aber Fryas Volk ist wacker und fleißig, sie werden weder müde noch mürbe, weil ihr Ziel zum Besten führt.	eine gute Heimstätte außerhalb des Ringdeiches, welche die Gestalt eines Hufes hat
D: Overwijn (1951)^	Maar Frya’s volk is wakker en vlijtig, het werd moe noch mat, omdat zijn plan het best mogelijke opleverde.	goede dorpsgrond buiten de ringdijk, die de gedaante heeft van een hoef
D: Jensma (2004)	Maar Frya’s volk is oplettend en vlijtig. Zij werden moe noch afgemat, omdat hun doel tot het beste leidde.	goed erf buiten de ringdijk, die de gedaante heeft van een hoef
G: Menckens (2013)	Aber Fryas Volk ist tüchtig und fleißig. Sie wurden (weder) müde noch matt, bis daß ihr Ziel erreicht war.	eine gute Heim(stätte) außerhalb des Ringdeiches, der die Form eines Hufes hat
E: Ott (2022)*	but Frya’s folk is competent and diligent. They neither tire nor weary of their tasks when they have a clear goal in view.	a good domain again outside the ring dyke, which is like unto a palace garden

* Fragments 16a (discussed in 2017 post and in 2021 post) in context:

In my youth, the remaining land outside the ring dyke was all pools and swampland, but Frya’s folk is competent and diligent. They neither tire nor weary of their tasks when they have a clear goal in view. By digging canals and building dykes with the soil that came out of the canals, we have a good domain again outside the ring dyke, which is like unto a palace garden measuring three poles eastward, three southward, and three westward.

 

original fragment: chapter, page/line, transliteration (Codex Oera Linda)	B. Liko Ovira Linda, 803 CE [00b/05] VMBE RIKA PREBENDNE TO WINNANDE SÁ HÉLATH HJA MITH THA POPPA KENINGGAR.	2b. Our Primal History [006/25] RING AS HJA RIP WÉRON KRÉION HJA FRÜCHDA ÀND NOCHTA ANDA DRÁMA. WR.ALDA.S OD TRÀD TO RA BINNA. ÀND NW BÀRDON EK TWILIF SVNA ÀND TWILIF TOGHATERA. EK JOL.TID TWÉN.
D: Ottema (1876)	Om rijke prebenden te winnen, heulen zij met de vreemde koningen;	Zoodra zij volwassen waren, kregen zij vermaak en genoegen in de droomen van Wralda. Haat* trad tot haar binnen. En nu baarden zij elk twaalf zonen en twaalf dochteren, elke juultijd een paar.
E: Sandbach (1976)	In order to gain rich benefices, they conspire with foreign kings,	As soon as they were full grown they took pleasure and delight in the visions of Wr-alda. Hatred found its way among them. They each bore twelve sons and twelve daughters — at every Juul-time a couple.
G: Wirth (1933)	Um reiche Pfründen zu gewinnen, halten sie zu den fremden Königen.	[not translated] Od (Gottes Odem) trat zu ihnen ein und nun gebar jede zwölf Söhne und zwölf Töchter, eine jegliche Julzeit zween.
D: Overwijn (1951)^	Om rijke prebenden te winnen, heulen zij met de vreemde koningen.	Zodra zij volwassen waren, kregen zij vreugde en genoegen in de dromen van Wr.alda. Geneugte kwam tot haar. En nu baarden zij elk twaalf zoons en twaalf dochters, elke joltijd een paar.
D: Jensma (2004)	Om rijke prebenden te winnen, heulen ze met de moffenkoningen.	Zo rap als ze rijp waren, kregen ze vreugde en genoten in Wralda's extase. Gelukzaligheid trad tot hen binnen en nu baarde elk twaalf zonen en twaalf dochters, elke joltijd een paar.
G: Menckens (2013)	Um reiche Pfründe zu gewinnen, hehlen sie mit den Puppen-Königen.	Sobald sie reif waren, empfingen/kriegten sie Vergnügen und Genügen in den Träumen. Vvraldas Od trat innerlich zu ihnen, und nun gebaren jede zwölf Söhne und zwölf Töchter, jeder Julzeit Zwillinge.
E: Ott (2022)	To gain rich endowments, they collaborate with the puppet kings.	When they matured, they became fruitful and found pleasure in their dreams. They received Wralda’s ‘od’ into them, and so each bore twelve sons and twelve daughters; twins each Yuletide.

Besides Norse translator Lien (who published his translation online only, in 2013), Menckens was the first to interpret POPPA (i.m.o.) correctly as 'puppet'. His was also the first printed translation (after De Heer, self-published 2008) to place the period correctly between DRÁMA and WR.ALDA.S.

The last example (2b) is the most significant one, especially relative to the Ottema and Sandbach translations and has been discussed earlier on this web log (e.g. in 2016). 

(^ means: checked if the 2004 version of Overwijn by Hougee is identical to the original of 1951. I recently discovered that this is not always the case.)