25 January 2015

Ancient 'Racism' ~ video 4b (in 5 languages)

English:
Dutch:
German:
Norse:
Frisian:

Main sources:
- letter C. over de Linden to J.G. Ottema, dated 16-11-1871
- "Het Oera Linda-boek: Fascimile-Transcriptie-Vertaling", Goffe Jensma (2006), p.59.
- VPRO radio: OVT, 12-12-2004, 2nd hour (9 min.) "François HaverSchmidt en het Oera Linda-boek". http://www.npogeschiedenis.nl/ovt/afleveringen/2004/Ovt-12-12-2004/Fran-ois-HaverSchmidt-en-het-Oera-Linda-boek.html

To be more precise:
images (all cuts from original):
0:00-0:14 videofragment by Sura de Heer
0:14-1:00 Schneewittchen by Alexander Zick (1845-1907)
1:00-1:36 "Goffe Jensma leans against the Old Frisian Dictionary" (Groningen, 2012) by Joris van Alphen
1:37-1:48 "The Rape of Europa" by Nicolaas Verkolje (c.1740)
1:49-2:01 "The Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna" by Friedrich August von Kaulbach (1850-1920)
2:02-2:12 "La Vertueuse Athénienne" by Joseph-Marie Vien (1762)
2:17-2:21 ? by Friedrich August von Kaulbach (1850-1920) + photo of Jensma
2:25-2:30 "Bathsheba at her Toilet" by Cornelis Cornelisz. van Haarlem (1594)
2:34-2:39 "Germania" by by Friedrich August von Kaulbach (1914)
2:41-2:49 pendant with Minerva by anonymous (c.1550/1600)
audio:
0:00-0:14 from soundtrack CD "Shine" (fragment)
0:14-1:00 "Storm over Zeki" by Quadro Nuevo (fragment)
1:00- 1:35 J.S. Bach, Canon a 4 vocis BWV 1077
1:36-2:12 VPRO radio: OVT, 12-12-2004, 2nd hour (9 min.) "François HaverSchmidt en het Oera Linda-boek". http://www.npogeschiedenis.nl/ovt/afleveringen/2004/Ovt-12-12-2004/Fran-ois-HaverSchmidt-en-het-Oera-Linda-boek.html
text:
0:14-1:00 letter C. Over de Linden to J.G. Ottema, dated 16-11-1871
1:00-1:26 referring to "Het Oera Linda-boek: Fascimile-Transcriptie-Vertaling", Goffe Jensma (2006), p.59
1:37-2:12 transcription/ translation of: see audio

16 January 2015

SWIKA ~ to swing, sway, swift, wield, yield, collapse, succumb


SWIKA (1) - (be-)zwijken; to collapse, succumb, yield, go under - 1,2,7,9,10 (numbers refer to fragments below)
SWIK[A] (2) - zwikken, zwenken, wankelen; to swing, sway, stagger - 4
SWIK[A] (3) - zwaaien, zwenken, slingeren; to swing, sway, wield (something) - 5,6

BISWIKE, [-A] - as SWIKA (1) - 11
OFSWIK[A] - afzwikken, -zwenken; ('to sway off': ) to tumble off, fall - 8
LOVE TO SWIK[A] - lof toezwaaien; ('to sway love to someone': ) to laud - 3

HWIP ÀND SWIK SPÉLE - (my guess:) wippen en schommelen of draaien (in draaimolen?); to play on seesaw and swing or carousel - 12
(note: a dutch cardgame is called "zwikken", but so is a cake-hurling game)


1 [original manuscript page/line: 011/23]
THA MODELÁSA SKILUN ÀMMAR SWIKA VNDER.HJARA AJN LÉD
[Ottema & Sandbach translations: p.19]
De moedeloozen zullen immer bezwijken onder hun eigen leed
those who give way to discouragement sink under their burdens

2 [083/30]
THI ALLE SKILUM THRVCH MORT SWIKA
[O-S p.115]
Die allen zullen door moord bezwijken
They shall all fall by murder

3 [092/02]
THÀTSTER SOKKE HÁGE LOVE TO SWIKTH
[O-S p.127]
dat gij haar zulken hoogen lof toezwaait
that you respect [laud] her so highly

4 [095/03]
THIS SWIKT ÀND TRULDE VPPET GÀRS DEL
[O-S p.131]
deze wankelde en tuimelde op het gras neder
who staggered and fell on the grass

5 [095/11]
THRÍJA SWIKTE HJA THAM OR HJRA HOLE
[O-S p.133]
dit zwaaide zij driemaal over haar hoofd
She waved it three times over her head

6 [115/21]
SWIKTON THA WOLKA WITHER VP JRTHA
[O-S p.159]
slingerden de wolken weder op aarde
the clouds flung upon the earth

7 [124/11]
WI MOSTON WEL SWIKA
[O-S p.171]
Wij moesten wel zwichten
We were obliged to yield

8 [130/29]
BERGA THÉR THA KRUNNA OFSWIKTE
[O-S p.179]
bergen, wier kruinen aftuimelden
The tops of high mountains fell

9 [133/20]
ALLE ÔTHERA SEND VNDERA SLÉGA SWIKT
[O-S p.183]
alle anderen zijn onder de slagen bezweken
all the others died by violence

10 [142/19]
RJUCHT ÀND FRYHÉD SKILUN SWIKA
[O-S p.193]
Vrijheid en recht zullen bezwijken
Freedom and justice shall be overcome

11 [165/23]
THRVCH HONGER BISWIKE
[O-S p.223]
van honger bezwijken
dying [...] of hunger

12 [197/19]
HWIP ÀND SWIK SPÉLE
[O-S p.237]
wip en zwik spelen [wip en schommel of zweef?]
playing ['whip and swick'] games of swinging and wrestling [seesaw and swing?]

fragment of Course of Empire, pt.4: Destruction (1836) by Thomas Cole

some related words in various languages (list not complete):

dutch: (be-)zwijken, zwenken, zwengelen, zwikken, zwaaien, zweven, zwieren, zwiepen
frisian: swichte, swaeije, sweve, swiere, swifte, swikke, swinke, swypje
norse: svaie, sveive, svekke, svike, svinge, svinne
swedish: svaja, svinga, svänga, svika
german: schwingen, (ver-)schwinden
english: to sway, swing, swink
lithuanian: svaigti
russian: svigat

olddutch: swiken, suicken, swycken, swencken, swengen, swanken, swaeyen, sweben
oldgerman: swihhan, sweichen, swiften, swenken, swingan, swanken, sweben
oldsaxon: swikan, swingan
oldfrisian: swika, swenga, swanga, swenza, swiva
oldenglish: swican, swengan, swincan, swifan
oldnorse: svíkja, svikva, svykva, svifast, svigna, sveigja, swífa
gothic: sweiban, afswaggwjan
oldrussian: chvejati

in the Westfrisian dialect, "swikke" can also mean to french-kiss

04 January 2015

SWÍGA - to keep silent, to not speak


[009/25]
THAN SWÉON (SWÉGON?) THA FÜGELON
dan zwegen de vogels
then the birds kept silent

[132/19]
THACH HJA SWÍGATH THI .H.
doch ze spreken de <h> niet uit
but they don't pronounce the <h>

The German, Dutch and Frisian languages still have this word for not speaking, for keeping silent:
schweigen - german
zwijgen - dutch (IJ is pronounced just like EI)
swije - frisian

Older versions:
swīgon - oldsaxon
swigia - oldfrisian
swīgian, swīgan - oldenglish
swîghen - olddutch
svīa - oldnorse (to stop)

In the Scandinavian languages the word is more similar to the Latin version:
tie - norse, danish
tiga - swedish
þegja, þagna, hljóðna - icelandic
tacere - latin, italian
tăcea - romanian
se taire - french

Also different:
calar-se - portugese
callar(-se) - spanish

In old-Greek, the verb was: σιγάω (sigaō)
Noun: σιγή (sigé) - silence, quiet


It would make sense to relate the Oldgreek word to the German-Dutch-Frisian word, as most Dutch etymologists did, until recently (source):

J. Vercoullie (1925):
"Indogermaans *su̯ei̯k- of *su̯ei̯gh- + Grieks sigé (dat is *su̯ei̯gā) = het stilzwijgen"
"Indogermanic *su̯ei̯k- or *su̯ei̯gh- + Greek sigé (that is *su̯ei̯gā) = the silence/ not-speaking/ secrecy"

N. van Wijk (1936):
"Van een indogermaanse basis [...] waarvan grieks sīgé <het zwijgen>, sīgáō <ik zwijg>"
"From an indogermanic root [...] of which is derived the greek sīgé <the silence/ not-speaking>, sīgáō <I keep silent/ don't speak>"

J. de Vries (1971):
"Van deze wortel zijn afgeleid [o.a.] grieks sigáo <zwijgen>"
"Of this root are derived [a.o.] greek sigáo <to keep silent/ not speak>"

Van Veen & van der Sijs (1997):
"op enige afstand verwant met grieks sigaō"
"somewhat related to Greek sigaō"

But one of the newest etymological dictionary - M. Philippa e.a. (2009) - excludes this possibility:
"Verwantschap met Grieks sĩga 'zwijgend' is onmogelijk."
"Relationship with Greek sĩga 'silent' is impossible."


Why would it suddenly be "impossible" that the Greek <σιγ-; sig-> is related to the Germanic <swig->?

My guess is, because it would suggest that the Greek word is a degeneration (thus newer version) of the Germanic word.

Just like in Newfrisian it has lost the <G>: swije, in Greek it has lost the <W>.

And that would be against the ruling paradigm, in which Greek is supposed to be the older, more pure language.