20 March 2018

Minerva and Frana - Samples


Samples of the new translation and transliteration, together with facsimiles of the original manuscript.







 






19 March 2018

The online "Gutenberg" version of Ottema's Dutch translation

... is NOT the full 1876 (second) edition!

The title page and 'voorbericht' (foreword) suggest that it is, but the actual translation and transliteration that follow are from the 1872 (first) edition, as I will demonstrate below.

Several important improvements that Ottema made in his second edition were missed this way (as they were missed by Sandbach in his 1876 translation of Ottema's 1872 edition).

Some of these differences are presented below. Also, a short essay by Ottema about the page numbering is missing on Gutenberg. This Dutch text is presented for the first time on the web here.
Correct PDF's of both editions are here:
1872
1876

1. Title page: Gutenburg has 1876 version
front page from 1971 facsimile
edition of 1876 original
online gutenberg.org version:
mixed 1872 and 1876 edition

2. Ottema essay about page numbering missing on Gutenberg!
What follows in the original, but is missing in the Gutenberg version: A short essay by Ottema, titled "The manuscript of the Oera Linda book has existed long before the year 1600". This yet untranslated Dutch text is added at the bottom of this post.

3. Ottema's 1876 'voorbericht' (foreword): included at Gutenberg

end of foreword in both versions
4. Ottema's 1872 'inleiding' (introduction): from both 1872 and 1876 version, included at Gutenberg

5. Transliteration (even page nrs.) and translation (odd page nrs.): Gutenberg has 1872 version!
Examples of improvements in Ottema's 1876 edition that were missed, both on Gutenberg (pseudo 1876 edition) and in Sandbach's translation:

O'72 and Gutenberg, p.55:
"door listen en drogredenen wisten zij alles te bewijzen en te verbreiden."
O'76:
"door drogredenen wisten zij alles te wijzigen en te bederven."  
("... to change and distort"; i.m.o. "wijzigen" was not an improvement)

S'76:
"by craft and subtlety were able to explain and spread them around."
Ott:
"they managed to explain and distort them all through misinterpretations."
transliteration Ott [038/15]:
THRVCH WANKÉTHINGA WISTON HJA ALLE TO WISA ÀND TO VRBRUDA.

O'72 and Gutenberg, p.69:
"uithoofde zij dikwijls anders niet deden dan barnsteen jutten (aan het strand zoeken)."
O'76:
"uithoofde zij bijna anders niet deden..."
S'76:
"because often they did nothing else than look for amber (jutten) on the shore."
Ott:
"because almost all they did was [lit.: they did almost nothing else than] ‘jut’ or collect amber on the shores;"
transliteration Ott [048/23]:
UTHAVEDE HJA TOMET NAVT OWERS NE DÉDON AS BARN.STÉN JUTA.

O'72 and Gutenberg, p. 173:
"Maar Friso, die trotsch en hartstochtig was"
O'76:
"... die trotsch en hardvochtig was"
S'76:
"But Friso was proud and passionate"
Ott:
"But Friso, who was proud and cold-blooded"
transliteration Ott [127/06]:
MEN FRISO THÉR STOLTE ÀND HERD.FOCHTICH WÉRE

O'72 and Gutenberg, p. 175:
"De bode liet hunne lijken in de zee werpen"
O'76:
"Demetrius liet ..."
S'76:
"The messenger had their bodies thrown into the sea"
Ott:
"Demetrius had their corpses thrown into the sea"
transliteration Ott [127/26]:
DEMÉTRIUS LÉT RA LIKKA IN SÉ WERPA

O'72 and Gutenberg, p. 185:
"dat de goden toornig waren over de overheersching der boozen."
O'76:
"... ongehoorzaaamheid der boozen."
S'76:
"that the gods were angry with the domineering of the wicked."
Ott:
"that the gods were furious about the disobedience of the protesters."
transliteration Ott:
THA DROCHTNA SEND TORNICH OVIRA OVERHÉRICHHÉD THÉRA BOSA.

O'72 and Gutenberg, p. 223:
"de Urgetten of vergetenen"
O'76:
"de Urjetten (Oriten) of vergetenen"
S'76:
"the Urgetten, or forgotten"
Ott:
"the ‘Oryetten’ (Oritae) or forgotten"
transliteration Ott [164/21]:
THA ORJETTEN JEFTHA VRJETNE

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Missing in the Gutenberg online version:

HET HANDSCHRIFT VAN THET OERA LINDA BOK
heeft al langen tijd vóór het jaar 1600 bestaan.


 De pagineering van het Handschrift is daaraan in lateren tijd toegevoegd. De Handschriften uit den oudsten tijd waren ongepagineerd, en zelfs de oudste voortbrengselen van de drukpers (incunabelen), b.v. de eerste druk van het Oudfriesch Landrecht (Jus Municipale Frisonum), zoogenaamde Anjumer druk, 1466, heeft slechts een aanwijzing van de volgorde der drukvellen (signatuur) door middel van letters, maar geene paginatuur.
 In de Latijnsche uitgave van Claudii Ptolemaei Geographia, door Bilibaldus Pirckheymerus, te Straatsburg 1525, folio, komt nog geene paginatuur voor;
 zelfs nog niet in de Editie van Ausonii Opera te Bordeaux 1591, quarto.
 De sijfers der pagineering komen ook niet overeen met de vormen, die in het H.S. zelf gebezigd zijn en afgebeeld op de tweede plaat. Zij hebben daarentegen den vorm, die tegen het einde der 16e eeuw in het schrijven daarvoor gebruikt is. Doch in hunne zamenstelling vertoonen zij een voor ons vreemd verschijnsel, dat namelijk de honderdtallen van de eenheden en tientallen gescheiden zijn door het woordje ànd of daarvoor een streepje. Even zoo als men sprekende zegt: honderd en een, zoo is hier ook geschreven. 100 ànd 1, 100-2, 100-3, enz. tot 100-99; en dan verder weer 200, 200 ànd 1, 200-2, 200-3, enz. tot 200 ànd 10, (dat de laatste pagina is.)
 Die wijze van getallen schrijven ontmoet men ook hier en daar in het H.S. b.v.
 100 ànd 1 jér;
 an tha jéra 1000 ànd 5;
 1600 ànd 2 jér;
 sont 100 ànd 8 jér.
 Deze bijzonderheid geeft ons eene aanwijzing van den tijd, wanneer die pagineering geschied is. Wij vinden namelijk die schrijfwijze ook in die Cronijck van Hollant, enz. tot Delft, 1591 (Divisie kronijk), b.v.: Als die werelt gestaen had ontrent iiiMiiC ende Lxxv jaer, ende was voor Christus geboorte ontrent MCC ende xxiii jaer.
 In den jare ons Heeren vC ende Lxxxix.
 In 't jaer viiC ende Lxxii. (700 en 72).
 Anno viiiC ende xxvii. (800 en 27). enz. enz.

 De Cronyke van Vrieslant, door Ockam Scharlensem, enz. (Andreas Cornelius Stavriensis) tot Leeuwarden, 1597, folio, schrijft gedurig:
 Anno 300.96. Als men schreef 300.93. Anno 400.57. Anno 500.38. Anno 600.72. Anno 1000.8. Anno 1000 ende 15 enz.

 In latere boeken vindt men deze omslagtige wijze van getallen op te teekenen niet meer. Doch men ziet, dat zij tegen het einde der 16e eeuw nog bekend en in gebruik was.
 Hieruit kan men veilig besluiten, dat de paginatuur van het Handschrift ook van dat einde der 16e eeuw dagteekent.
 Met andere woorden, reeds vóór het jaar 1600 bestond het Handschrift.
 Doch uit die paginatuur leeren wij nog meer bijzonderheden, omtrent het Handschrift kennen.
 De laatste bladzijde is niet gemerkt 200-10, op de wijze als de vorige; maar voluit 200 ànd 10. Dit bewijst, dat de man, die de bladen pagineerde, hier zijne taak geeindigd had, en dat deze bladzijde toen de laatste was van hetgene er destijds nog van het Handschrift aanwezig was, dewijl het slot van het Handschrift reeds vóór dien tijd was verloren geraakt.
 Dit had niet kunnen geschieden, in dien niet het Hand-schrift reeds een geruimen tijd vroeger door het slijten en breken van de draden uit het omslag was gevallen en in losse katerns en bladen daar heen had gelegen.
 De zorg om te voorkomen, dat die los liggende bladen in wanorde zouden geraken, heeft voorzeker den toenmaligen eigenaar er toegebracht, om ze van eene paginatuur te voorzien.
 Deze loopt geregeld door tot bl. 168, vervolgt dan, p. 189 tot 192, en eindelijk van p. 195 tot 210. Wat hier tusschen ontbreekt, komt mij voor in lateren tijd verloren gegaan te zijn, zoodat thans de zeven eerste katerns nog compleet zijn, van het achtste slechts de beide laatste bladen p. 189—192, en van het negende katern de acht middelste bladen p. 125—210 overig zijn.

 Het voornaamste besluit, dat hieruit volgt, is, dat het Handschrift, zoo lang het in zijn omslag was vast gehecht, nog ongepagineerd geweest is, en dat dus Hiddo oera Linda de pagina's niet genommerd heeft. Hij behoefde dat trouwens ook niet te doen, omdat hij zijn Handschrift zelf innaaijende wel wist, hoe de katerns op elkander volgden.
 Had hij het Handschrift aan een binder gegeven, om het in te naaijen, dan had hij de katerns van eene volgletter of ander merk moeten voorzien. Doch dit heeft hij ook niet gedaan, en dit bevestigt wederom mijne elders reeds uitgesproken veronderstelling (Voorbericht bl. XII), dat Hiddo oera Linda eigenhandig het Handschrift in een omslag heeft ingenaaid.

Dr. J.G. OTTEMA.

08 March 2018

Haverschmidt had a Life

screenshot from Frisian TV documentary
promoting the Haverschmidt theory
According to the currently prevailing theory, the manuscript that became known as the Oera Linda-book would have been fabricated by 1. Haverschmidt (initiator and author); 2. Verwijs (translator into pseudo Old-Frisian); and 3. Over de Linden (writer in pseudo old script on quasi old paper).

This theory assumes that Haverschmidt, during his two years (1862-1864) as clergyman in Den Helder, became acquainted with Over de Linden, where the latter was shipyard supervisor of the Royal Navy. However, Over de Linden was not a churchgoer, was 23 years older than Haverschmidt, had just become widower and was about to remarry. Haverschmidt will have had to focus his attention on his new parish, the usual preparation of sermons and also was about to get married. Both men worked full time.
residences of Haverschmidt (Schiedam),
Over de Linden (Den Helder)
and Verwijs (Leeuwarden)

After Haverschmidt moved to Schiedam in 1864, he became father and will again have had to get to know his parish. Besides all the research needed to be able to write the initial text of the OLB, he would have had to correspond with both Verwijs to get it translated and with Over de Linden to give it the old look. Those last two jobs must also have been very extensive - not something that can be done in a few Sunday afternoons!

Between 1867 and 1869, Over de Linden and Verwijs have corresponded about the manuscript aiming to get it translated into Dutch. Verwijs visited Den Helder to see the manuscript for himself. All of this would have been part of the conspiracy. All three kept it a secret, even after their deaths. Over de Linden would have lied to his children and grandchildren about it. The witnesses who confirmed to - long before it became well known - have heard about the manuscript (several), or even have seen it (one), must all have lied or been confused.

These three men had a career, a social life, a family. Assuming it would even be possible to create something like the Oera Linda-book and keep this a total secret, a team of highly motivated specialists would have to work on it for many years, like monks or hermits. The supposed suspects, however, had a life. Therefore, the Haverschmidt theory is not realistic.



Over de Linden, age 50-58, Navy shipyard supervisor Verwijs, age 31-39, teacher/ archivist/ dictionary editor Haverschmidt, age 27-35, clergyman/ poet
1861 1st wife Trijntje J. dies 31 Dec. fiancée Aemilia W. dies 14 Sept.
1862
start as archivist-librarian moves to Den Helder in December
1863 2nd marriage 14 May Geertruida, son Leendert married 26 Apr.
publication about St. Nicholas marriage 6 Aug. Jacoba J.M.
1864
marriage 21 Jan. Lamberdina H.
moves to Schiedam in July, daughter Margot born 13 Aug.
1865 daughter Hendrika married 18 Apr. publication about Germanic words for 'woman'
1866 daughter Anna marries 24 Dec.
son Nicolaas born 3 Dec.
1867 start correspondence with Verwijs start research OLB poetry collection published
1868 son Cornelis dies in Dutch Indies moves to Leiden, start as editor of Dutch dictionary son Nicolaas dies 29 July
1869 son Anton J. marries 11 Aug. Manuscript copied, translation taken over by Winkler son François born 18 Dec.


1. Cornelis Over de Linden: (1811-1874) see genealogy
Over de Linden to Dr. Ottema, 16-11-1871:
"I don't have the slightest doubts that one day the truth will come float to the surface, but now that I have studied your translation, I figure that the laws described in it are very radical, and that when the theology it teaches would become that of the people again, all sorts of clergymen would have to find a new job. That is why I think they will oppose it as much as is in their power."
(Dat de waarheid boven drijven zal daar twijfel ik geenszins aan, maar nu dat ik uwe vertaling bestudeerd heb, meen ik dat de wetten welke daarin voorkomen zeer radicaal zijn, en dat als de godsdienst die er in geleerd wordt, weder die van het volk werd, de dominées en c.s. wel een ander baantje bij den hand mogten nemen. Daarom dunkt mij zullen zij het zoo veel tegenwerken als in hun vermogen is.)

2. Eelco Verwijs, born 17-7-1830 Deventer, died 28-3-1880 Arnhem, son of Adrianus Verwijs (1788-1844) and Trijntje Fockema (1797-1871);
married 21-1-1864 Franeker (living Leeuwarden/ Franeker);
Lamberdina Henriette Telting, born 1837 Franeker, dies 19-9-1920 Arnhem, daughter of Albertus Telting (1803-1863) and Anna Cornelia Henrietta Huguenin (1807-1885);
No children

Verwijs to Over de Linden, 13-10-1867:
"I received your mostly welcome postage [the first part of the original manuscript], which to me irrefutably proves the authenticity..."

(En daar ontvang ik uwe mij zoo hoogst welkome bezending (t.w. het eerste gedeelte van het origineele handschrift) waardoor mij de echtheid onwederleggelijk wordt [werd] bewezen...)

Idem, 19-10-1867:
"It certainly is a manuscript of one of your ancestors, copied many times [...] which absolutely deserves to be known."
('t Is zeker een meermalen overgeschreven handschrift van een Uwer voorvaders [...] dat alleszins verdiend gekend te worden.)

Note: In his 1863 publication "De namen der vrouw bij den Germaan" (Germanic words for 'woman'), Verwijs suggests that the name of the village Vronen was derived from 'vroon' meaning 'lord/master' (Dutch 'heer', p.14), while in OLB this is FOR.ÁNA (Dutch 'vooraan': in front). If he was really the translator, it should be possible to identify his 'signature' in the OLB. However, in the meticulous studies that tried to prove him guilty, such evidence was never found.

Note: Verwijs wrote 17-10-1867 to state officials about the manuscript containing "about 200 pages". Assuming it was fabricated, this must have been done before Verwijs wrote the officials, for if they would have demanded to immediately obtain or see it, he would have risked his reputation (or more).

3. François HaverSchmidt, born 14-2-1835 Leeuwarden, died 19-1-1894 Schiedam, son of Nicolaas Theodorus Johannes Haverschmidt (1801-1879) and Geeske Bekius (1803-1878);
married 6-8-1863 Utrecht
Jacoba Johanna Maria Osti, born 2-4-1841 Utrecht, died 14-6-1891 Schiedam, daughter of Nicolaas Clement Osti and Margaretha Christiana Klanek.
Children:
  1. Margaretha Christiana (Margot) Haverschmidt, born 13-8-1864, Schiedam, died 6-12-1944 Zeist, not married.
  2. (Nicolaas Theodorus Clemens, born 3-12-1866 and died 29-7-1868 Schiedam)
  3. François Haverschmidt, born 18-12-1869 Schiedam, died 10-9-1928 Utrecht; married 2-7-1896 Dordrecht Catharina Jacoba Johanna Verbroek, geb. 1876 Dordrecht
Mrs. Haverschmidt-Osti
Career as clergyman
Leiden (Theology study): 1852 to 1858.
Leeuwarden (one year without work): 1859
Foudgum and Raard: from 1859 to 1862
Den Helder: from 1862 to 1864
Schiedam: from 1864 to 1894

Publications

1856, 1857, 1859 contributions to students' almanac
1867 Snikken en Grimlachjes (poetry collection) 



François junior
(more relevant quotes and information may be added later)

26 February 2018

Online OLB Library Updated

Man in Library (1751) by Fokke Simon (source, cropped)

*** for list of Oera Linda translations, go here ***

I intend to keep this list updated.

d/m/y author title language
/ note
link
1865 Verwijs, E. De Namen der Vrouw bij den Germaan (lecture published in De Vrije Fries) NL/* O
1871-9-5 Haan Hettema, M. de Oud Friesch Handschrift, in het bezit van den Heer C. Over de Linden te Helder (article in Leeuwarder Courant) NL O
19-9-1871 Ottema, J.G. Thet Bok thêra Adela folstar NL O
25-9-1871 Colmjon, G. Over het boek van Adela NL O
1871—1877 Ottema / Over de Lindens Letters, edited by N. Luitse in 1990 (selection) NL O
1871-11-? Kuipers, H. Prospectus - Thet Oera Linda Bok NL O
1872 Ottema, J.G. Thet Oera Linda Bok NL O
1873 Ottema, J.G. Geschiedkundige Aantekeningen en Ophelderingen bij Thet Oera Linda Bok (1st edition, 39 pages) NL O
1874 Ottema, J.G. De Koninklijke Akademie en Het Oera Linda Boek NL O
1874 Vitringa, A.J. Naar aanleiding van Thet Oera Linda Bok NL O
1875 Vitringa, A.J. (transl. Otto, H.) Historische Skizzen auf Grundlage von Thet Oera Linda Bok D O
1875 Friesch Genootschap Het Schrift van het Oera Linda-Bok NL O
1876 Ottema, J.G. Leeuwarden, de Middelzee en het Oera Linda Boek NL O
1876 Ottema, J.G. Thet Oera Linda Bok (second edition, somewhat revised 1876) NL O
1876 Vinckers, J.B. De onechtheid van het Oera Linda-Bôk NL O
1876 Ottema, J.G. De Deventer Courant en het Oera Linda Boek NL O
1876 Sandbach, W.R. The Oera Linda Book E O
1877 Vinckers, J.B. Wie heeft het Oera-Linda-Boek geschreven? NL O
1877 Berk, J.F. De Pandschâb-Kolonie van het Oera Linda-Bôk NL O
1877 Jansen, G. De Schrijver van Thet Oera-Linda Bôk is NIET Cornelis Over de Linden NL O
1877 Over de Linden, L.F. Beweerd maar niet bewezen NL O
1877 Gallée, J.H. Het Oera Linda-Bôk, 1872, 1877 NL O
1878 Ottema, J.G. Geschiedkundige Aantekeningen en Ophelderingen bij Thet Oera Linda Bok (2nd edition, 63 pages) NL O
1912 Over de Linden, L.F. Aanvulling van de Brochure "Beweerd, maar niet bewezen" NL O
1912 Muller, J.W.*** Over historische en literaire namaak NL O
1918 Meijer, S.J. Een en ander in verband met het Oera Linda Boek NL O
1923 Wumkes, G.A. Frijmitselderij en Oera-Linda-Boek Frysk O
1926 De Jong, M. Johan Winkler en het Oera-Linda-Boek NL O
1927 De Jong, M. Het Geheim van het Oera-Linda-Boek NL O 
1928 Boeles, P.C.J.A. De auteur van het Oera-Linda-Boek NL O
1928 Brugmans, H. Nieuws over het Oera Linda Bok? NL O
1930 Boeles, P.C.J.A. De houding van Dr. Eelco Verwijs ten opzichte van het Oera-Linda-Boek en het Friesch Genootschap NL O
1930 Reydon, H. Het Zonnerad NL O
1933 Wirth, H. Die Ura Linda Chronik (original Gothic script) D O
(1933) Wirth, H. Die Ura Linda Chronik (reprint modern script) D O
1934 Hübner, A. Herman Wirth und die Ura-Linda-Chronik D O
1936 Köhler, H.D. Studien zur Ura-Linda Chronik D O
1939 De Jong, M. Het Oera-Linda-Boek in Duitsland en Hier NL O
1940 Overwijn, J.F. Eenige opmerkingen omtrent het "Oera Linda Boek" NL O
1941 Overwijn, J.F. Het Oera Linda Boek NL O
1949 Molenaar, E. Het Geheimzinnige Handschrift van de Familie Over de Linden NL O
1956 Kalma, J.J. Bibliografie betreffende Thet Oera-Linda Bôk NL O
1957 Boeles, P.C.J.A. De stand der Oera Linda problemen / Aard en inhoud van het Oera Linda boek NL O
1958 Molenaar, E. De Friese Vlag, het Oud-Friese Wapen en het Oera Linda Boek NL O
1972 Los, F.J. Die Ura Linda Handschriften als Geschichtsquelle D O
1973 Los, F.J. Het Oera Linda boek een geschiedbron? NL/** O
1977 Scrutton, R. The Other Atlantis E O
1980 Breuker, Ph.H. It Friesch Genootschap, it Friesch Jierboeckjen en it Oera Linda Boek Frysk O
1992 Hamilton, J. & U. Oera-Linda: en Fornfrisisk Krönika S O
1992 Jensma, G.Th. Lees, leer en waak - Het Oera Linda Bok. Een rondleiding NL O
2000 Bossche, vd Klankleer Vormleer OLB (deel/part) NL O
2004 Jensma, G.Th. De Gemaskerde God: François HaverSchmidt en het Oera Linda-boek NL O
2006 Kardinaal, A. et al. The Oera Linda Boek A literary forgery and its paper E O
2011 Porck, H. et al. Het Oera Linda Boek, een ‘cold case’ en ‘hot item’ NL O
2014 Breuker, Ph.H. Het Oera Linda Boek: een afrekening met Friesland NL O
2016 Ott, J. Oera Linda ~ facsimile (PDF on archive.org) E O
2016 Ott, J. Oera Linda ~ transliteration (PDF on archive.org) E O

Notes:
* not directly related to OL.
** much shorter than German version.
*** author was son of the antiquarian Frederik Muller (1817-1881) wo 'examined' one sheet of OL paper.

14 February 2018

LJAWA, LJAFDE, LOV ~ beloved, love, laud

title page of T' Lof der vrouwen with Minerva and Fama,
by Cornelis van Dalen, Amsterdam 1643 (source)
This post demonstrates that the German and Dutch words Liebe and liefde are closer to the original word and meaning, than the English love (which originally meant laud, praise).

related words in various languages:

(dear, beloved - English)
lieb - German
lief - Dutch
leaf - Frisian
ljuv - Swedish
liaf - Old Frisian
liof - Old Saxon
leof - Old English
ljúfr - Old Norse
liufs - Gothic
lobha (desire) - Sanskrit
lubo - Polish

(laud, to laud - English)
lof, loven - Dutch
lof, love - Frisian
Lob, loben - German
lov, lova - Swedish
lof, lovia - Old Frisian

(love, to love - English)
Liebe, lieben/liebhaben - German
liefde, liefhebben - Dutch
leafde, leafhawwe/leavje - Frisian
liafte, liavia* - Old Frisian

*Note: The name Livia could be related.

varieties in the Oera Linda-book with fragment numbers (fragments below):
(dear, beloved: adjective)
Gable stone D' Liefde in Haarlem
LJAWA - 1 (3x), 2
LJAWE - 1, 19

(lovely, 'lovelike')
LIAFLIKA, LJAFLIKA - 13, 22

(as part of verb)
LÍAF HÀWA (to love/'have dear') - 3
IK HÀV LÍAF (I love/'have dear') - 11
HÉDON EKKÔRUM LÍAF KRÉJEN (had fallen in love/'gotten each other dear') - 10
HÉDE HJA LJAF KRÉJEN (had fallen in love with her/'gotten her dear') - 20

(love: noun)
LÍAFTE, LJAFTE - 4, 5
LJAFDE - 6, 8, 9, 15, 21
LIAFDE, LÍAFDE, LIAVDE - 7, 12, 14
LJAVDE - 16, 18
LJAVADE - 17

(derived: grain name)
LJAVER - 23

(varieties of LOV: laud)
LOV.SPRÉKA, LOV.SPRÉKE (ode/'lovespeach' - 24, 28
LOVE TO SWIKA (to laud) - 25
KÉTHON LOVE (lauded/'proclaimed laud') - 29
LOVLIK (laudable) - 26
LOV (laud: noun) - 27

OLB fragments with new provisional translations:



1 [00b/01]
LJAWA ERVNÔMA. VMB VSA LJAWA ÉTHLA.S WILLE ÀND VMB VSA LJAWA FRYDOM.S WILLE, THVSAND WÁRA SÁ BIDD.IK TO JO. OCH LJAWE
Dear heirs, For our beloved ancestors' sake, and for the sake of our precious freedom, a thousand times I beg you — oh dear

2 [00b/17]
OCH LJAWA IK HÀV BI THAM ET HOVE WÉST
My dear ones! I have visited their palace

3 [008/14]
HJU WILDE THAT EK HJA LÍAF HÀWA SKOLDE
she desired to be loved by all (lit. 'that each should love her')

4 [010/03]
THÀT ÔTHERA WAS LÍAFTE TO DÜGED
the second was love of virtue

5 [023/05]
THJU LJAFTE SINRA KÀMPONA MOT SIN SKÍLD WÉSA
the love of his champions [must be] his shield

6 [033/31]
HWAT IK URVEN HÀV IS LJAFDE VR WISDOM. RJUCHT ÀND FRYDOM.
What I inherited is love of wisdom, justice and freedom.

7 [072/26]
THAT HJU THA INHÉMAR SÁ FÜL LIAFDE BIWÉSEN HÉDE
because she had shown the natives so much affection

8 [080/19]
LJAFDE NE KV NÉN STEK LÔNGER NAVT FINDA ÀND ÉNDRACHT RUN ÉWÉI.
Love became homeless (lit. 'could no longer find a place') and unity deserted.

9 [084/11]
MEN FRYDOM. LJAFDE ÀND ÉNDRACHT SKILET FOLK IN HJARA WÁCH NÉMA
But freedom, love and unity will strengthen the folk

10 [088/02]
THÉR THRVCH HÉDON HIA EKKÔRUM LÍAF KRÉJEN ÀND NW WILDON HJA ÁK GÁDATH WERTHA
which had caused them to love each other and so they wished to marry

11 [088/09]
NÉIDAM IK APOL NW LÍAF HÀV BOPPA ELLA IN WRALDA
Since I love Apol more than anything else in the world

12 [088/20]
BLIKBÉR TRVCH ALLE STÁTHA MITH LÍAFDE ÀND TRJVW
apparently with the support (lit. 'love and loyalty') of all districts

13 [094/05]
THISSE OVER.FULDE LUFT MITH SINA LIAFLIKA ÁDAM
that spread a lovely fragrance (lit. 'filled the air with its lovely breath')

14 [104/10]
THÁ GVNG WRALDA TO ÀND WROCHTE IN HJRA MOD NIGUNG ÀND LIAVDE ANGGOST ÀND SKRIK
Then Wralda wrought in her conscience intuition and love, anxiety and fright

15 [133/29]
THÁ KÉM LJAFDE ÀND ÀFTERNÉI SEND WI MAN ÀND WIF WRDEN
That is how we came to fall in love (lit. 'then love came') and subsequently become man and wife

16 [137/12]
FALXE SKÔM. THER ALLERWÉIKES KVAD DVAT AN THA LJAVDE
false shame, which inevitably harms love

17 [137/20]
BI MÉNA WILLA JEF UT LJAVADE
at common will or with love

18 [137/24]
HWÉR NID AN KLÍWATH ÀND LJAVDE FON FLJUTH
to which envy sticks and from which love flees

19 [155/12]
EN ÉLLE LJAWE FÁM INVPPER BURCH
a very lovely maiden at the burg

20 [155/18]
A.DEL HÉDE HJA LJAF KRÉJEN ÀND HJU HÉDE A.DEL LJAF
Adel had fallen in love with her, and she loved him

21 [160/15]
LJAFDE IS FLJUCHT ÀND HORDOM SIT MITH NÍD AN TÉFEL
Love has fled and whoredom shares a table with envy

22 [167/21]
OFWIXLATH MITH LJAFLIKA STRÉKA
varied by lovely areas

"When Venus comes..." plate from Friesche Lust-hof by Jan Starter (1621)

related (grain name):

23 [047/11]
AMONG THA GÀRS.SÉDUM HÉDON WI NAVT ALENA. KÉREN. LJAVER ÀND BLÍDE
Among the grains, not only did we have ‘selected’, ‘preferred’ and ‘favourite’

fragments with LOV, LOVE:

24 [091/09]
LOV.SPRÉKA OVIR MIN MÀM
an ode to my mother

25 [092/01]
HWANA KVMTET WÉI THÀTSTER SOKKE HÁGE LOVE TO SWIKTH.
why do you praise her so much?

26 [092/19]
THÀT IS LOVLIK.
That is admirable indeed.

27 [095/20]
THÉRE BURCHFÁM.S LOV
Ode to the burgmaiden

28 [097/23]
HWÉR.FON IN THA LOV.SPRÉKE MELD WÀRTH
mentioned in the ode

29 [154/08]
THA JONGA FÁMNA KÉTHON SINA LOVE
the young maidens praised him

(The verb MINNA also means 'to love' and will be analysed later.)

12 February 2018

Did Cornelis Over de Linden hide something?

Cornelis Over de Linden (1811-1874)
In various reports of how he had obtained the manuscript (MS),(1) Cornelis Over de Linden claims to have been given them as a surprise by his aunt Aafje in 1848, when he visited her in Enkhuizen. This is in conflict with two witness accounts, which may have been a reason to doubt his overall credibility. In this post I will first explain the conflicting accounts and then reconstruct a more credible version of what really happened.

Conflicting accounts

1. Jacob Munnik (husband of Cornelis' stepdaughter: Plate 1) reported in 1876 that he had joined Cornelis in an earlier failed attempt to obtain the MS in 1845.(2) This suggests that Cornelis did know about the manuscript earlier, and actively had tried to obtain it.

2. Hajo Last* (Plate 3 and 4) wrote in 1934(3) that his colleague carpenter Hein Kofman (Plate 2) had told him that Cornelis had stolen the MS from his mother, Cornelis' cousin, Kee Kofman-Reuvers, who indeed lived in the house where earlier her mother Aafje Reuvers-Over de Linden lived, which had also been (near?) the house of Cornelis' grandfather Andries Over de Linden (Oude or Nieuwe Rietdijk, Enkhuizen - Plate 5). Since Kofman was born in 1853 - five years after Cornelis obtained it - he cannot have witnessed the stealing himself, but will probably have heard this from his mother. If Cornelis had spoken the full truth (that his aunt Aafje had voluntarily given to him), or if he had altogether lied and the MS would be a forgery, this account would not make any sense.
* [For genealogy Last, see below]

Reconstruction of what happened

To prevent the MS from falling in the wrong hands, its keeper would only initiate a very limited number of people. Only people that he deemed trustworthy would be explained the content, perhaps even taught the script and language. What was more openly talked about though, was the ancient or noble Frisian descent. Grandfather Andries Over de Linden (1759-1820) would have told Cornelis (1811-1874) about this when the latter was still a child. Cornelis' father Jan (1785-1835) is witnessed (by Cornelis Wijs in 1876) to have talked like that in 1831.

Andries may have intended to initiate his grandson when the latter was old enough and if he was serious and intelligent enough, but this never happened as the child was only 9 years old when his grandfather died. Instead, he will have initiated his future son in law, Hendrik Reuvers (1796-1845), who already had a child with Aafje Over de Linden, Andries' youngest daughter, who lived with her parents and would stay living in the parental house after their death. This child was Cornelia or 'Kee', born in 1818, named after Hendrik's mother and officially accepted as his daughter at the marriage of Aafje and Hendrik in 1821. (Having children before marriage happened significantly often in the whole extended family, as I have discovered studying the genealogy or 'parenteel'.)

Hendrik may well have been a friend of the family even before he became the fiance of Aafje. At the very last he must have known Aafje from December 1817, when she became pregnant of Cornelia. Andries died April 1820. This (or longer) would have been enough time to initiate Hendrik.

Hendrik may have intended to initiate his nephew Cornelis, but the latter left Enkhuizen, probably long before he got married in 1833 and may later not have had the right attitude for it (yet). Perhaps Hendrik once tried to introduce the topic, with the result that Cornelis insisted on immediately taking the MS with him (being an Over de Linden, while Reuvers was not), which would have resulted in a quarrel after which they no longer talked and Cornelis would have to wait till Hendrik's death (1845) before he would try once more to get hold of the MS. This would be in agreement with Cornelis' account, where he states that his uncle would not allow him to have it.

However, Hendrik did have the opportunity to initiate both his son Andries Reuvers (1820-1857), married to the Frisian Siebregtje Schanstra in 1843, and his son in law Rijkent Kofman (1820-1861), married to Kee Reuvers (1818-1878), see Plate 6. The Kofman family took over the parental house and their youngest son Hein Kofman (1853-1933) would later have claimed that Cornelis had stolen the MS. Remarkably, their eldest son Jacob Kofman (1843-1911) would later become clergyman of the Apostolic church in Enkhuizen, while their youngest daughter Catharina Kofman (1875-1913) would marry an Over de Linden (from another branch than that of Cornelis) in 1898. Hardly coincidentally, so would Neeltje de Jong (1898-?), a great-granddaughter of Andries Reuvers (Plate 7).

The Reuvers and Kofman families may have decided not to attract any public attention and not to accuse Cornelis of anything. Note that Hajo Last only wrote the newspaper shortly after Hein Kofman (who had told him about the MS having been stolen) had died. He may have kept this secret but not wanted to take it into his grave himself.

All this would explain the inconsistencies and suspicious details in Cornelis' account of how he got the MS in his possession. Also, if the missing pages still exist, this post might provide some helpful clues to answer the question: who may have had them and where could they be now?

Plate 1: relationship between Cornelis Over de Linden and Jacob Munnik
Plate 2: relationship between Cornelis Over de Linden and Hein Kofman

Plate 3: explaining possible relationship between Anna Goemaat and Hajo Last (see appendix below for details)

Plate 4: Hajo Last and his father in 1874 report death of Anna Goemaat, mother of Cornelis Over de Linden


Plate 5: Oude and Nieuwe Rietdijk in Enkhuizen, where Over de Linden, Reuvers and Kofman families lived respectively
Plate 6: From Over de Linden to Reuvers to Kofman and back to Over de Linden (source)

Plate 7: Two descendants of 'aunt Aafje' and Hendrik Reuvers marry back into the Over de Linden family (genealogy).


- - - - references - - - -
(1) Jensma, Goffe, De Gemaskerde God (2004) pp. 236-241.
(2) Beckering Vinckers, J., Wie heeft het Oera-Linda-Boek geschreven (1876) pp. 31-32.
(3) Enkhuizer Courant (letter to the editor) 9-1-1934, paraphrased in Molenaar, E. Het Geheimzinnige Handschrift van de Familie Over de Linden (1949) p. 11.


Further research:
2019, Oct. 22 "1934 letter by Hajo Last"
2019, Nov. 18 "Kofman-Greiner Family"
2019, Nov. 22 "The Over de Linden-Kofman marriage"


- - - - appendix: Last and Goemaat families- - - - 

Genealogy Goemaat (in Dutch): see blogpost

Notes on Speeleveld Last family (in Dutch):

(I) Klaas Speeleveld, geb. 1748 Vlaardingen, ovl. 11-2-1825 Enkhuizen;
geh.
Magteltje/Magdalena van Galen, geb. 1752 Vlaardingen, ovl. 23-6-1827 Enkhuizen.
Kinderen:
  1. Metje Speeleveld, ged. 15-5-1785 Vlaardingen ==>> zie (II)
  2. Hendrik van Galen Speeleveld, geb. 1786, ovl. 24-2-1814 Enkhuizen
  3. Anna Speeleveld, geb. 1790 Vlaardingen, ovl. 16-4-1860 Enkhuizen; geh. 21-5-1815 Enkhuizen Johannes Horneer, geb. 1784 Gorinchem, ovl. 18-10-1856 Enkhuizen, chirurgijn, z.v. Arie Horneer en Johanna Margaretha Bax
  4. Maria Speeleveld, geb. 1796 Vlaardingen, ovl. 11-7-1865 Enkhuizen
= = =

(II) Aldert Last, geb. 21-2-1788 Enkhuizen, ovl. 20-2-1876 Enkhuizen, z.v. Jan Aldertsz Last en Geertje Harmens van den Berg;
geh. 21-5-1815 Enkhuizen
Metje Speeleveld, ged. 15-5-1785 Vlaardingen, ovl. 11-4-1842 Enkhuizen, d.v. Klaas Speeleveld en Magteltje van Galen
Kinderen:
  1. Jan Last, geb. 1816 Enkhuizen, ovl. 19-5-1886 Enkhuizen, koperslager; geh. (1) 7-6-1840 Enkhuizen Albertje Ossen, geb. 1814 Enkhuizen, ovl. 27-3-1841 Enkhuizen, d.v. Albert Ossen en Pietertje Degelink; geh. (2) 27-8-1843 Enkhuizen Hijlkje Atsma, geb. 1812 Enkhuizen, ovl. 23-5-1899 Enkhuizen, dienstbode, d.v. Hijlke Harmens Atsma en Geertje Dirks Faber.
  2. Klaas Speeleveld Last, geb. 17-8-1817 Enkhuizen ==>> zie (III)
  3. Hendrik van Galen Last, geb. 1819 Enkhuizen, ovl. 23-8-1896 Muiden; geh. (1) 18-7-1842 Terschelling Anna Margreta Kleersnijder, geb. 1820 Menkeweer, d.v. Sikko Kleersnijder en Elizabeth Jacobs Boelens; geh. (2) 28-8-1853 Muiden Eppie Jansje van der Weijden, geb. 1830 Muiden, ovl. 9-2-1898 Muiden, dienstbode, d.v. Lucas van der Weijden en Trijntje Waasdorp.
  4. Geertje Last, geb. 1820 Enkhuizen; geh. 10-5-1855 Enkhuizen Jan Fredrik Drughorn, geb. 1816 Amsterdam, turfkoper, z.v. Hendrik Drughorn en Kuntje Spijker, wedr. Kaatje Compas.
  5. Magdalena Last, geb. 1822 Enkhuizen, ovl. 1-3-1890 Enkhuizen.
  6. Margrieta Last, geb. 1824 Enkhuizen, ovl. 25-3-1883 Enkhuizen.
= = =

(III) Klaas Speeleveld Last, geb. 17-8-1817 Enkhuizen, ovl. 19-10-1892 Enkhuizen, metselaar, z.v. Aldert Last en Metje Speeleveld, won. Vijzelstraat i.i.g. 1846 en Breedstraat i.i.g. 1848, 1850, 1852, 1855, 1860;
geh. 20-5-1838 Enkhuizen
Antje Solkes(z), geb. 8-5-1814 Enkhuizen, ovl. 24-12-1903 Enkhuizen, d.v. Solke Hajosz en Klaasje de Vries
Kinderen:
  1. Klaasje Last, born 1839 Enkhuizen, ovl. 23-8-1922 Enkhuizen; geh. 3-5-1866 Enkhuizen Jan Bloemendaal, geb. 1842 Enkhuizen, kuiper, z.v. Maarten Bloemendaal en Willemijntje de Wit. 
  2. Metje Last, born 1839 Enkhuizen, ovl. 4-11-1916 Enkhuizen; geh. 21-9-1871 Enkhuizen Jan Gerrit Geus, geb. 1840 Amsterdam, ovl. 17-1-1915 Enkhuizen, kantoorbediende, z.v. Johannes Geus en Alijda Dingel.
  3. Aldert Last, born 1842 Enkhuizen, ovl. 14-9-1923 Enkhuizen, metselaar: geh. 1-6-1865 Enkhuizen Maria Karemaker, born 1840 Enkhuizen, ovl. 6-9-1914 Enkhuizen, d.v. Rijkent Karemaker en Kaatje Compas. 
  4. Solke Last, born 9?-5-1844 Enkhuizen, ovl. 11-5-1937 Bussum, timmerman; geh. 30-9-1870 Haarlemmermeer Isa Jacoba van Opstall, geb. 1847 Hooge en Lage Zwaluwe, ovl. 29-4-1923 Schoten, d.v. Jacobus Marinus van Opstall en Maria Wesdijk.
  5. (Hajo, born 14-3-1846 and ovl. 13-5-1847 Enkhuizen)
  6. Geertje Last, geb. 7-4-1848 Enkhuizen, ovl. 2-11-1922 Enkhuizen.
  7. Hajo Last, geb. 17-2-1850 Enkhuizen ==>> zie (IV)
  8. Dirk Last, geb. 10-3-1852 Enkhuizen, metselaar; geh. 20-5-1878 Enkhuizen Hilligje Vos, geb. 1851 Meppel, ovl. 13-1-1931 Bussum, d.v. Klaas Vos en Lamberta Molenaar.
  9. Johanna Katharina Cornelia Last, geb. 19-9-1855 Enkhuizen, ovl. 14-7-1936 Bloemendaal; geh. 27-11-1879 Amsterdam Pieter Elias van der Werff, geb. 1845 Bloemendaal, ovl. 31-8-1916 Bloemendaal, tuinier, z.v. Gerrit van der Werff en Maria Paust.
  10. Jan Last, geb. 14-9-1860 Enkhuizen (aangifte Adrianus en Bartholdus Over de Linden), timmerman; geh. 17-2-1886 Amsterdam Johanna de Boo, geb. 1864 Haarlemmermeer, dienstbode, d.v. Willem de Boo en Bastiaantje Bestman.
= = =

(IV) Hajo Last, geb. 17-2-1850 Enkhuizen, ovl. 15-7-1938 Bussum, timmerman (NB nam in 1876 huis over van wijlen Adrianus Over de Linden en Petronella Heiman);
geh. 3-8-1876 Enkhuizen
Elisabeth Duijvensz, geb. 8-6-1852 Enkhuizen, ovl. 7-8-1929 Enkhuizen, d.v. Cornelis Duijvensz en Jansje Lodewijks
Kinderen:
  1. Klaas Last, geb. 19-8-1878, vertr. naar Amsterdam 1896
  2. Cornelis Last, 29-3-1880
  3. Aldert Jan Last, geb. 9-7-1882
  4. (Johan Lodewijk, geb. 1885 en ovl. 20-3-1886 Enkhuizen)
  5. (Cornelia Johanna, geb. 23-10-1887 en ovl. 10-3-1902 Enkhuizen)
  6. Johan Last, geb. 2-8-1889 Enkhuizen, meubelmaker; geh. 12-5-1921 Amsterdam Hendrika Catharina Hofman, geb. 1890 Amsterdam, d.v. Johannes Hofman en Maria van Eersel
  7. Hajo Last, geb. 19-2-1894 Enkhuizen, kantoorbediende; geh. 11-12-1919 Amsterdam Roelofje Schilstra, geb. 1900 Amsterdam, d.v. Ale Schilstra en Hielkje Jager

09 February 2018

Oera Linda on Red Ice TV

to watch the video go here

Henrik Palmgren from Red Ice TV speaks with Dr. Siobhán Higgins-Welter and Jan Ott about the Oera Linda-book (2018). For earlier Red Ice interview (2016), see here.

References (more may be listed later):

0:04:30 Similar mythic history of the Irish people: Leabhar Gabhála (or: Lebor Gabála Érenn).

 0:36:30 Wheel remains  in Römisch-Germanische Museum in Köln (Cologne).

 0:52:20 Paper waterlines in 12th century Arab-Spanish paper as compared to those in OLB paper.

 1:23:00 Dares Freson in "Story of England" by Robert Mannyng of Brunne, 1338 CE.


(add video time) Neptune and "nephew"varieties in other languages: blog post