Chapters and Chronology

(updated March 17)
For my new English Oera Linda translation, I plan the chapter division listed below.

The translation is presented in the original order of the manuscript. A more structured and chronological order may provide a better reading experience:

Historical narratives (add descriptions)
(most years are rough estimates)

1) 2200 to 2100 BCE (15 pages)
 § 7 – 8 [047/06 – 061/27]

2) 1650 to 1550 BCE (21 pages)
 § 9ab [061/28 – 071/29]
 § 4de [033/22 – 040/10]
 § 9c [072/05 – 075/07]

3) 1200 BCE (4 pages)
 § 10ab [075/08 – 079/10]

4) 600 to 500 BCE (31 pages)
 § 11 [079/11 – 087/18]
 § 15c [141/26 – 142/01]
 § 12 [087/19 – 089/32]
 § 1 [001/01 – 005/28]
 § 13b [091/11 – 097/27]
 § 13a [090/01 – 091/11]
 § 13e [106/10 – 113/21]

5) 350 to 50 BCE (68 pages)
 § 14ab [113/23 – 118/31]
 § 14e [130/21 – 131/25]
 § 16d [163/10 – 168/19]
 § 14d [120/10 – 130/20]
 § 14c [118/32 – 120/10]
 § 14f [131/26 – 133/26]
 § 15a [133/17 – 134/21]
 § 16abc [143/01 – 163/09]
 § 15d [142/01 – 142/32]
 § 17 – 19 [168/20 – 210/32]

Other

6) Mythology, theology, teachings (24 pages)
 §2abc [005/30 – 011/11]
 §6 [045/01 – 047/04]
 §13cd [097/29 – 106/09]
 §15b [134/22 – 141/25]

7) Laws, regulations, justice (27 pages)
 §2d – 4c [011/13 – 033/21]
 §5 [040/11 – 044/27]


CONTENT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - manuscript [page/line]

Letters of Instruction 
 A Hidde Oera Linda, 1256 CE- - - - - - [00a/01] - [00a/23]
 B Liko Ovira Linda, 803 CE - - - - - - [00b/01] - [00b/25]

The Book of Adela Followers
 1 - Introduction
 -a- Council in Confusion, ca. 560 BCE- [001/01] - [001/15]
 -b- Adela’s Advice - - - - - - - - - - [001/16] - [005/08]
 -c- Names of the Reeves- - - - - - - - [005/08] - [005/28]
 2 - On the Walls of Three Burgs
 -a- Vesta, Take up your Stylus - - - - [005/30] - [006/11]
 -b- Our Primal History - - - - - - - - [006/12] - [006/32]
 -c1 Lyda was Black - - - - - - - - - - [007/01] - [007/29]
 --2 Finda was Yellow - - - - - - - - - [007/30] - [009/17]
 --3 Frya was White - - - - - - - - - - [009/18] - [011/11]
 -d- Frya’s Tex - - - - - - - - - - - - [011/13] - [014/08]
 -e1 Vesta: Laws- - - - - - - - - - - - [014/09] - [014/22]
 --2 Vesta: Frya’s Day - - - - -  - - - [014/23] - [014/31]
 3 - Laws and Regulations
 -a- Burg Laws- - - - - - - - - - - - - [015/01] - [019/07]
 -b- General Laws - - - - - - - - - - - [019/08] - [021/14]
 -c1 Laws for Army and War- - - - - - - [021/15] - [023/06]
 --2 Mother and Kings at War- - - - - - [023/07] - [025/03]
 --3 Security and War Aftermath - - - - [025/04] - [026/20]
 4 - From Minos' Writings
 -a- Minos: Preventing War- - - - - - - [026/21] - [027/10]
 -b- Laws for the Steersmen - - - - - - [027/12] - [029/10]
 -c1 Minos: Useful Precedents - - - - - [029/12] - [031/03]
 --2 Minos: Laws- - - - - - - - - - - - [031/04] - [032/01]
 --3 Minos: Aewa- - - - - - - - - - - - [032/01] - [033/21]
 -d- Minos: Minerva - - - - - - - - - - [033/22] - [039/05]
 -e- Minos: Kreta - - - - - - - - - - - [039/05] - [040/10]
 5 - Justice
 -a1 Three Principles - - - - - - - - - [040/11] - [040/25]
 --2 Regulations and Penalties- - - - - [040/26] - [042/09]
 -b1 Punishments for Wrathful People- - [042/10] - [042/32]
 --2 Punishments for Evildoers- - - - - [043/01] - [044/06]
 -c- Three Thieves- - - - - - - - - - - [044/07] - [044/27]
 6-- Yule, Script, Numbers- - - - - - - [045/01] - [047/04]
 7 - Inscribed on all Burgs
 -a- Before the Bad Times - - - - - - - [047/06] - [049/11]
 -b- How Aldland Sank, ca. 2190 BCE - - [049/11] - [050/18]
 8 - Inscribed on the Treasureburg
 -a- Magyars and Finns, ca. 2090 BCE- - [050/19] - [053/12]
 -b1 Wodin and the Magus- - - - - - - - [053/12] - [056/20]
 --2 Tunis and Inka Depart- - - - - - - [056/21] - [057/32]
 --3 Tunis and the Thyrians - - - - - - [058/01] - [060/11]
 -c- The Idolatrous Gols- - - - - - - - [060/12] - [061/27]
 9 - Conflict and Migration, ca. 1630 BCE
 -a1 The War of Kelta and Minerva - - - [061/28] - [065/14]
 -a2 Jon's Revenge- - - - - - - - - - - [065/15] - [066/15]
 -a3 Kelta and the Gols - - - - - - - - [066/15] - [068/16]
 -b- Jon and Minerva Resettle - - - - - [068/17] - [071/29]
 -c- The Gerdmen Move to Punjab - - - - [072/05] - [075/07]
10 - On the Eastern Wall of Fryasburg, ca. 1190 BCE
 -a- Ulysus' Quest for a Lamp - - - - - [075/08] - [076/21]
 -b- Athenia: Racemixing and Decadence- [076/22] - [079/10]
11 - Written on all Burgs, ca. 590 BCE
 -a- Denmarks Lost- - - - - - - - - - - [079/11] - [081/32]
 -b- Death of Frana - - - - - - - - - - [082/01] - [085/11]
 -c- Death of the Magus - - - - - - - - [085/12] - [087/18]

Added by Oera Lindas 
12-- Adelbrost: Intrigues and Division- [087/19] - [089/32]
13 - Added by Apollonia
 -a- Apollania: Adel-Bond Alliance- - - [090/01] - [091/11]
 -b1 Bruno: A Treacherous Maiden- - - - [091/11] - [093/17]
 --2 Death of Adela - - - - - - - - - - [093/18] - [095/19]
 --3 Ode to Adela - - - - - - - - - - - [095/20] - [097/27]
 -c1 Primal Teachings 1 - - - - - - - - [097/29] - [099/32]
 --2 Primal Teachings 2 - - - - - - - - [100/01] - [103/25]
 -d- The Unsociable Man - - - - - - - - [103/26] - [106/09]
 -e1 Apollonia’s Burg - - - - - - - - - [106/10] - [108/27]
 --2 Apollonia’s Journey- - - - - - - - [108/28] - [113/21]
14 - Added by Frederick
 -a- Frederick: Fryasland Swamped - - - [113/23] - [117/20]
 -b- Gosa: Expulsion of the Blacks- - - [117/20] - [118/31]
 -c- A Fleet Arrives- - - - - - - - - - [118/32] - [120/10]
 -d1 Alexander the King - - - - - - - - [120/10] - [125/05]
 --2 Demetrius and Friso- - - - - - - - [125/05] - [130/20]
 -e- Northland- - - - - - - - - - - - - [130/21] - [131/25]
 -f- Defects of the Brokmen - - - - - - [131/26] - [133/26]
15 - Added by Wilyo
 -a- Wilyo from the Saxonmarks- - - - - [133/17] - [134/21]
 -b1 Helena: Princes and Priests- - - - [134/22] - [136/07]
 --2 Yesus or Buddha of Kashmir - - - - [136/08] - [141/25]
 -c- Frana’s Will - - - - - - - - - - - [141/26] - [142/01]
 -d- Gosa’s Will- - - - - - - - - - - - [142/01] - [142/32]
16 - Added by Conrad
 -a- Conrad: Canals and Dykes - - - - - [143/01] - [144/16]
 -b1 Friso: Alliances- - - - - -- - - - [144/17] - [150/19]
 --2 Friso: Praise and Suspicion- - - - [150/19] - [154/17]
 --3 Adel and Ifkia - - - - - - - - - - [154/17] - [157/32]
 -c- Gosa: Purity of Language - - - - - [157/32] - [163/09]
 -d- Ludger: Punjab Report- - - - - - - [163/10] - [168/19]
17-- Bede, Son of Haehgan - - - - - - - [168/20] - [168/32]
 (missing pages: 20)
18-- Rika: Stealing of Titles - - - - - [189/01] - [192/32]
 (missing pages: 2)
19 - The Fourth King after Friso
 -a- Askar Prepares for War - - - - - - [195/01] - [198/19]
 -b- Streams of Blood - - - - - - - - - [198/19] - [202/06]
 -c- Reyntia’s Dream- - - - - - - - - - [202/06] - [204/32]
 -d- Askar Lost to Idolatry - - - - - - [205/01] - [207/14]
 -e- How Punishment Came- - - - - - - - [207/14] - [208/17]
 -f- Askar’s Failure- - - - - - - - - - [208/17] - [210/32]
 (missing pages: ?)

Inventory of other Oera Linda translations

[Spanish translation of 2013 added June, 2024] 

*** for a list of online publications about Oera Linda, go here ***

Mine (read online or buy printed copy/PDF) is the first English translation straight from the original language, as the one by Sandbach (1876) was based on the first Dutch one by Ottema (1872). The Sandbach translation was the basis for most other (non-Dutch/German) ones.

The earlier translations (known to me) that were straight from the original language are:

Dutch:
Ottema - 1872, 1876
Overwijn - 1941, 1951
Jensma - 2006 (1)
De Heer - 2008 (2)
(1) This is the only translation that was based on the assumption that the text is a 19th Century forgery, meant as a joke.
(2) Translation is mostly based on Overwijn but uses unique Yule-font for transcription of the original text.

German:
Wirth - 1933 (some parts were left out)
Menkens - 2013

Norse and improvised English:
Lien - 2013 (web-only)

~ ~ ~

Chronological list of Oera Linda translations (known to me)

year	author	language	title	publisher
1872/ 1876	J.G. Ottema	Dutch	Thet Oera Linda Bok	H. Kuipers, Leeuwarden (1, 2)
1876	W.R. Sandbach(1)	English	The Oera Linda Book	Trübner & co., London
1933	H. Wirth(2)	German	Die Ura Linda Chronik	Koehler & Amelang, Leipzig
1941/ 1951	J.F. Overwijn	Dutch	Het Oera Linda Boek	N.V. Enkhuizer Courant/ Chefferd/ web-PDF
1963	E. Sturm	German	Die Oera Linda Handschriften	typewriter copy
1983	F.H. Pierce	English	The Œra Linda Book	typewriter copy
1992	U. & J. Hamilton	Swedish	Oera-Linda : en Fornfrisisk Krönika	Cradle Publications
1998	A. Snyman	Afrikaans	Die Oera Linda boek	Vaandel-Uitgewers, Mosselbaai
2004	A. Soldani	Italian	Oera Linda il libro, pagine di storia dimenticate	web-only
2006	G. Jensma	Dutch	Het Oera Linda-boek	Verloren, Hilversum
2007	J. Fermaut(3)	French	Le livre des Oera Linda	selfpublished, Bierne
2008	S. de Heer(4)	Dutch	Ћet Oera Linda Bok	self-published, Amsterdam
2012	A. Pietrykowska	Polish	Ksiñega Oera Linda	Armoryka, Sandomierz
2013	H. Menkens	German	Die Oera-Linda-Handschriften	Lühe-Verlag, Süderbrarup
2013	H. Garbho	Spanish	Oera Linda	Aurea Catena Editores, Chile
2013	H.O. Lien	Norse/ (English)	Oera Linda-boka/ (The Oera Linda Book)	web-only
2017	D. Campayo Bustos	Spanish	Oera Linda - un manuscrito del siglio XIII	web-only
2018	Adel Brost (pseudonym)	German	Oera Linda Buch	web-only
2020	Ανωνυμου	Greek	Το βιβλίο του Oera Linda - Μαρτυρες Της Αντλαντιδας	Υπατια Λυδια
2021/ 2022	Jan Ott	English	Codex Oera Linda (various editions)	oeralinda.org

(1) Translation of Ottema (1872).
(2) Wirth left out some parts.
(3) Translation of Ottema (1876?).
(4) Bewerking van Overwijn (1951).

Note: the English translation that was published as an appendix to "Survivors of the Great Tsunami" (2010/2011) and "Chronicles from pre-Celtic Europe" (renamed third edition, 2014), self-published by A.J. Raubenheimer were edited versions of the Sandbach translation.

Some of the translations in my collection:

Other:

THJANJA - Diana - dienen

Diana as witch on St. Nicholas altar piece
of 1485, Mühlhausen, Thüringen Germany
(full altar and description below)

Diana is well known as the goddess of hunt, the moon, childbirth, women and nature from Roman mythology. Along with Minerva and Vesta, she was one of the three maiden goddesses, who had sworn never to marry. Less known is that in medieval Germany she was considered mistress of witches and still as dea paganorum: pagan goddess, hundreds of years after the Romans had left.

Was Diana introduced into Germany by the Romans, or had she been a Germanic deity or Mother long before the Romans came?


Wikipedia:

Diana was worshipped at a festival on August 13, when King Servius Tullius, himself born a slave, dedicated her temple on the Aventine Hill in the mid-6th century BC. Being placed on the Aventine, and thus outside the pomerium, meant that Diana's cult essentially remained a foreign one, like that of Bacchus; she was never officially transferred to Rome as Juno was after the sack of Veii. It seems that her cult originated in Aricia, (...)

German Wikipedia (translated):

Nothing was passed down about an initial Diana myth - independent of Greek mythology -, as Diana was identified very early already  and almost completely with the Greek Artemis. The Greek myths were adopted with substitution of the Greek deities by their Roman equivalents.

In the Oera Linda-book, a female deity or divine Mother Thjanja is mentioned along with Frya, Fàsta, Médéa, "and many others" (fragment below). This name also appears many times in the manuscript as verb, meaning to serve, which still has equivalents in several North European languages:

dienen - Dutch, German
tsjinje - Frisian
tjene - Danish, Norwegian
tjäna - Swedish
þjóna, thjóna - Icelandic

Diana by Paul Bergon (1863-1912)

A Dutch female name is Dina (varieties Dine, Diena, Dientje, etc.; perhaps also Tina, Tinka, Tanja, etc.). Origin and meaning are unclear among the specialists. I would suggest that like Diana, it is derived from thiania: dienen.

Oldfrisian dictionaries

Wiarda (1786)
tinia, tyena, thiania - to serve
thianst, thianest - service
thianster - witch (!)

Hettema (1832)
thiania, tjaenje - to serve
thiansta, tjaenst - service, servant
thianster, tjaonster - witch (!)

Richthofen (1840)
thiania, tienia - to serve
thianer, tiener - servant
thianost, thianest, thianst, tienst - service

Note that in OLB the spelling for witch (besides HEX) is "THJONSTER", and no relation to "THJANJA" (to serve) is suggested: [034/15] AS THV THÀN NÉN THJONSTER NE BISTE


Fragment in Oera Linda-book

[132/21]
HWERSA IMMAN EN BYLD MÁKATH ÀFTER ÉNNEN VRSTURVEN ÀND THET LIKT
SÁ LÁWATH HJA THÀT THENE GÁST THES VRSTURVENE THÉR INNE FÁRATH.
THÉRVR HÀVATH HJA ALLE BYLDA VRBURGEN. 
FON FRYA. FÀSTA. MÉDÉA. THJANJA. HELLÉNJA ÀND FÉLO ÔTHERA.

(translation Ott, not yet published:)
When someone makes an image of a dead person and it shows a good likeness, 
they believe that the ghost of the departed resides in it. 
They therefore hide all images 
of Frya, Festa, Medea, Diana, Hellenia and many others.

(translation Sandbach, 1876:)
When they make a statue of a dead person 
they believe that the spirit of the departed enters into it; 
therefore they have hidden their statues 
of Frya, Fâsta, Medea, Thiania, Hellenia, and many others.

(For other fragments with THJANJA used as verb, see post of March 30, 2012.)

~ ~ ~

HEX, HEXNA and the six-spoke wheel

hexagon and hexagram

Varieties in the Oera Linda-book

noun
HEX (3), plur. HEXNA (4) - witch, sorceress

verb
HÉDE HEXNAD (1), HETH BIHEXNATH (2) - had/has (be)witched, hexed
(infinitive would have been HEXNA)

Note: another word for sorceress or witch in OLB is THJONSTER (used once).

OLB fragments with new translations

1 [034/10]
THÁ GVNGON HJA HJA BIHLVDA ÀND SÉIDON THAT HJU.T FOLK HEXNAD HÉDE.
they started accusing her and said she had bewitched the folk.

Olaus Magnus 1555 depicted witches
causing bad weather and cattle disease

2 [064/28]
MEN MIN.ERVA HETH AL.ET FOLK BIHEXNATH. JES BIHEXNATH FRJUNDA. IVIN AS AL VS FJA THÀT LÀSTEN STURVEN IS.
but Minerva has hexed all the folk - yes hexed, my friends - just like all our cattle that died lately.

3 [065/01]
IK SKOLDE THJU HEX IN HJARA NEST VRBARNE.
I would burn that witch in her nest.

4 [133/10]
ÔLON LÁWATH HJA AN BOSA GÁSTA. HEXNA. KOLLA. ULDERMANKES.
ÀND ELFUN AS JEF HJA FON THA FINNA WEI KÉMEN.
They persistently believe in evil ghosts, witches, sorcerers, forest spirits
and elves as if they stemmed from the Finns.
 

Hexology by J. Ott a.o.

Varieties in modern languages

Hexe	behexen/verhexen	German
heks(e)	hekse	Frisian
häxa	förhäxa	Swedish
heks	beheksen	Dutch
heks	forhekse	Danish, Norse

The assumption of some etymologists that the word would be derived from 'hagazussa' (Hague-/ hedge-sister) or 'hagetisse' (lizard), is probably based on medieval folk-etymology. A relation to Greek ἕξ (hex): "six" and the six-spoke wheel makes more sense.

Pennsylvania Dutch Hex Signs

As de zunne schient en het regent, 

dan wörde zegd deur olde meinzen: 

de heksen bint an het pannekoe 

(Dwingeloo)

WACHTJA - to wait, await

"Waiting for the return of the fishing boats"
by Peter Raadsig (1806-1886)

Modern varieties:
wachten - Dutch
wachtsje - Frisian
to wait - English
warten - German
vente - Danish, Norse
vänta - Swedish
vænta - Icelandic
vahtia (to guard, watch) - Finnish

Some etymological notes:
Dutch, English

Varieties in OLB:
WACHTJA - to wait, await: 1,6,7,8
WACHT - waits (3rd person singular) - 2
HETH WACHT - has/had waited (past perfect) - 5
WACHTON - waited/guarded (3rd person plural) - 4
WACHT HALDEN (to guard) - 3

OLB fragments with new provisional translations:

1 [18/10]
NÉT HJU BY STONDA NÉN RÉD SA MÉI HJU WACHTJA LÉTA SJVGUN DÉGUM
If she does not yet know the answer to his question, she may let him wait seven days

2 [18/28]
TWÉDE SÁ WACHT MÀN JETA EN FVL JÉR
If two-thirds are against her, the case is delayed [lit.: one waits] a whole year

3 [82/19]
THRVCHDAM THA WÉRE NAVT NÉN GODE WACHT HALDEN NÉDEN KÉMON ALLE OM
for the guards had not been prepared [lit.: had not guarded well] and they all fell in action

4 [86/5]
THAM VPPA SKÉPUN WACHTON SKÁTON ÁK NÉI VS THÁ
Those guarding the ships tried to fire back

5 [120/30]
THA ALEXANDRE THAT FORNOM HETH.ER WACHT ALONT ER BÉTER WÉRE
When Alexander heard that, he waited [lit.: has/had waited] till he got better

6 [126/11]
THJU MODER NE THVRADE HJRA JOI NAVT WACHTJA
The mother didn't dare await the return of her 'joy'

7 [126/18]
THRVCHDAM HJU HJRA MAN NAVT WACHTJA THURADE
As she dared not wait for her husband's return

8 [155/19] (not proofread yet)
MEN SIN TÁT BÉD.IM HI SKOLDE JET WACHTJA
but his father urged him to wait a little

Name List of Persons, Peoples and Places

reading girl in traditional dress by
Nicolaas van der Waay (1855-1936)

[June 18, added NOTE - see here]

Just like the previously posted list of key terms, this name list will grow and evolve in time until it is published together with the coming new English translation of the Oera Linda-book.

Some names will be translated, fully or partly, while others will remain as they are in the original text. Where needed, this list will provide information that explains the choices I made in the translation of the names. It may also be used as an index, as I will add page, line or chapter numbers, where relevant.

A better introduction to this list will be written later and it will be edited. There will be some overlap with the list of key terms.

~ ~ ~

Adela ~ Á.DEL.A, ÀDELA (add other spellings)

[1-5], ...

Apol ~ ÁPOL

[1/20, 5/10], ...

Atland ~ ÁTLAND (add other spellings)

Literally "Old-land", the 'sinking' of which is used as the beginning of the year-numbering system used in the manuscript.

Fryas ~ FRYAS

Free people (as they considered themselves to be) or Children of Frya. See list of key terms.

Hidde Oera Linda ~ HIDDE (TOBINOMATH) OER.A LINDA

[a/22] Copyist of the manuscript in 1256 CE. "Tobinomath" means "surnamed" (to-by-named).

Liko Ovira Linda ~ LIKO (TONÔMATH) OVIRA.LINDA

[b/25] Added letter of instruction to the inheritors of the manuscript in 803 CE. "Tonômath" means "surnamed" (to-named).

Liudwerd/ Liuwert ~ LJUD.WERD/ LJUWERT

[a/16, b/23] Spellings of 803 and 1256 CE respectively of what currently seems to be Ljouwert or Leeuwarden, the capital of the Dutch province Friesland.

Oera Linda/ Ovira Linda ~ OER.A LINDA/ OVIRA.LINDA

Family name, see Hidde, Liko, and ...

Okke ~ OKKE

[a/1] Son of Hidde Oera Linda.

Ovira Linda, see Oera Linda
Weser ~ WRSARA
[1/5, 29]

~ ~ ~

Much, much more to be added. Please come back later.
Note added Sept. 23.: I will do this differently, in a database file first.

Word List of Key Terms

Orphan girls with books (1900-1930) by Nicolaas van der Waay

The first draft of the new English translation is now ready. Below I will create a list of key words and names, some of which will be left (almost or in most cases) unchanged, others are interpretations of the original word that need some extra explanation. A list of personal, tribal and geographical names will also be made.

This glossary will grow and evolve in time, until it is published in the coming book. It will also be put in alphabetical order.

Listed first is the word, name or term as it will appear in the translation, then the most common transliteration and eventual spelling varieties.


Frya ~ FRYA (sometimes FRÍA or FRIA)

Name of the (possibly in part) historic, and/or (at least in part) mythic primal Mother of the people that called themselves Fryas, Frya's Folk or Frya's Children (sometimes: Frya's Sons). Although in the original text FRYAS (with -S) is also used for singular (an individual of the tribe), I will also translate this as Frya for clarity. In those cases it is always clear that it does not refer to the primal Mother. The meaning of the adjective fry(a) is "free". As a noun it means "free one" (as opposed to slave).
Key fragments: [6/12-32], [9/18 - 14/7].

Fryas ~ (see: Frya)

Members of the people that considered themselves to be Children of Frya or free ones. Their homeland was Fryasland, but they could also be living in colonies elsewhere. (... will add more)

Wralda ~ WR.ALDA (less frequently WRALDA and once VR.ALDA)

Literal meaning "over-old one" or "most-ancient one". Some people would interpret this as God, others as Logos. The various texts sometimes contradict each other as to how Wralda is to be interpreted. It is also remarkable that the primal doctrines about it were not included in the initial Book of Adela-Followers, contrary to Adela's instructions. This might indicate that the 'theology' had become controversial in Adela's time. Sometimes the word means "world", its modern cognate. Often the word GÁST is added, which can be interpreted both as "Spirit" or "Ghost" (the latter being my choice in the translation): Wralda's Ghost.
Key fragments: [6/12-32], [11/18 - 12/12], [45/03-12], [98/03 - 103/23].

Yol ~ JOL

The sacred six-spoke wheel or Wheel of Time, which was a symbol of Wralda and the basis for the letters and numbers. In combinations with -FÉRSTE, -TID and -DÉI it refers to the annual celebration, now Yule (Dutch/ German: Joel/ Jul). I have spelled it with Y instead of J to better represent the probable pronunciation and make the connection to Yule more obvious. (Also see: Carrier.)
Key fragments: [6/12-19], [45/1 - 47/2], [83/22 - 84/24].

Burg ~ BURCH (sometimes BURGH), plural BURGUM or BURGA

This can also be read as burgh or borough. Some people would rather translate it as "citadel". It is used in combinations, for example with -FÁM (maiden), -WAL (wall or rampart), -WÉPNE (weapons) and in names of specific cities or citadels (Fryasburg, Treasureburg, etc.). Most burgs would have had a tower, on the walls of which laws and histories were written.
Key fragments: [5/8-28], [15/1 - 19/6], [106/10 - 108/32].

Tex ~ TEX

This mostly refers to Frya's Tex (set of primal laws), after which the often mentioned Texland appears to have been named, but the mythic Finda is also said to have left one.
Key fragment: [10/31 - 14/7], [45/13-14].

Steersmen/ -man ~ STJURAR, STJÛRAR (sometimes STJURA)

This can also be read as "navigators", although the term seems to also have been used for sailors in general. In the original text there is no difference between plural and singular (the latter occurring only twice). The Steersmen seem to have been a somewhat separate people, as they are often said to use different words or pronunciations.
Key fragment: [27/12 - 27/9].

Folk ~ FOLK, plural FOLKAR, FOLKA, FOLKUM, FOLKRA or FOLKRUM

Can also be read as Volk, people, nation or race. Often: Frya's Folk (whites), Finda's Folk (yellow or mongrel) and Lyda's Folk (blacks). Also used in combination with Mother: Folk Mother.

Earth ~ JRTHA

This word is often personified (female) and sometimes refers to ore or soil. If Earth in the sense of our planet is meant, the word may have rather associated with the land only, that is: not including seas and oceans. This is not clear, however.
Key fragments: [6/12-32], [49/11 - 50/13], [115/11 - 116/32], [189/15-26].

Sacred Fire ~ FODDIK (plur. -A or -UM)

Could also be read as Flame, Light or Lamp. It had to be kept burning and new ones had to be lit from the original one at Texland. A probable modern cognate is "photo", which originally means "light".
Key fragments: [13/30 - 14/7], [15/2-18], [75/18-23].

Carrier ~ KRODER (once: KRODAR)

Personification of time: the Carrier and his Yol (or: Wheel of Time). The modern Dutch word is "kruier"; someone who operates a wheelbarrow. Related are Krodo from the Saxon Chronicle and Chronos from Greek mythology. (See also: Yol.)
Key fragments: [14/10-11], [35/32 - 36/1], [45/9-12], [71/26-28].

Mother ~ MODER (sometimes MODAR; plur. -A or -UM)

This word is mostly used as an honorary title for the elected Folk Mother or 'mother of the people', but in some cases also for a regular mother. The Mother was chosen from the various Burg Maidens and resided at Texland in Fryasburg. The election of Mothers sometimes caused much discord as the aspiring Burg Maidens could be overly ambitious and jealous. (Also see: Burg, Maiden.)
Key fragments: [13/31 - 14/2], [15/1 - 19/7], [23/7 - 24/4], [82/19 - 85/7], [87/24 - 88/17], [91/14 - 92/29], [117/20 - 118/22], [191/17-27].

Maiden ~ FÁM (plur. FÁMNA; diminutive FÁMKE; sometimes FAM-)

Most burgs had one leading Burg Maiden (BURCH.FÁM, sometimes also called Mother or simply Maiden) and up to 21 regular Maidens (FÁMNA), as well as 7 young apprentices or students (LÉR.FAMKES or SPILLE MANGÉRTA). The Maidens role was to teach, give advice, take care of the ill, and watch over the Sacred Fire. (Also see: Burg, Mother, Sacred Fire.)
Key fragments: [15/8 - 19/6], [62/8 - 63/1], [103/27 - 106/9], [108/7-32], [151/31 - 153/13].

Reeve ~ GRÉVETMAN (sometimes GRÉVA or GRÉVE)

Sometimes GRÉVETMAN and GRÉVA are used as different titles, but sometimes the latter is used to mean the first. Also: VRSTE GRÉVE (supreme reeve). Can also be read as count or earl; the chosen male head of a region or district. Note: GRÉVA sometimes has a different meaning: plural noun "graves" or adjective "grey" (i.e. old man or veteran).
Key fragments: [5/8-28], [20/24], [23/10-17], [27/1], [87/20], [143/8], [144/19], [150/14-16].

King ~ KÉNING, KÀNING or KENING (only twice: KING; plural -GAR)

For the Fryas this was a chosen leader of an army or fleet. In foreign cultures it more had the meaning similar to that of our middle ages (inherited and ruling over the people). Some kings that are explicitly named: Wodin, Ûlysus, Wichhirte, Alexandre, Áskar.
Used in combinations SÉ-, WÉT-, WIT- (Sea-); KÉNINGK.RIK (noun: kingdom), KÉNINGLIK(-E/-A) (adjective: royal). Sometimes synonymous with Army Leader (HÉR.MAN).
Key fragments: [21/15 - 25/2], [152/8-25], [191/1-16].

Sea King ~ (see: King)

Chosen leader of a fleet. Some of the Sea Kings: Tünis, Jon, Friso.
Key fragments: [5/8-28], [27/12 - 29/14], [45/17].

Sea Warriors ~ SÉ.KÀMPAR (also without ".")

This word can also be read as "marines". It is sometimes used in a more neutral, less warlike context, sometimes for what we would call "pirates". Three fragments suggest that a group of Danish sea people took this word as their tribal name (related to Sicambri?).
Key fragments: [15/27-30], [48/27-29], [53/21-30], [131/20-23], [202/6-7].

Army Leader ~ HÉR.MAN, HYR.MAN, HÉRTOGA

Sometimes synonymous to King and may also sometimes have meant local ruler. German "Heer" still means army, as well as Dutch "heir" (obsolete). Modern cognates Du/Ge: hertog/ Herzog mean "duke".
Key fragments: [01/30 - 02/2], [3/9], [5/15-19], [16/8-12], [21/15 - 22/7], [53/25], [131/14], [209/27].

Ancestors ~ ÉTHLA, ÉTHLUM, ÉTHLON, ÉTHELA, ÉTHELUN

Sometimes this word is used for 'nobility' (Du/Ge: edelen/ Edlen). Related "odal" or "othala" rune.
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [203/17-18].

Descendants ~ÀFTERKVMAND(-A/-E) (Once: -KOM-)

Literally: 'aftercoming'. Also verb: OFSTAMED (descended); noun: KOM.OF (descent); ERVNÔMA (heirs).
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [192/14-31]

Princes ~ FORSTA, sometimes FORSTUM (only 4 times singular: FORST)

Modern cognates Du/Ge: vorst/ Fürst. Literal meaning is first or foremost, which is similar to the original meaning of prince or principal (from Latin primus: first).
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

Priests ~ PRESTERA, sometimes PRESTERUM or PRESTRUM

Often used in combination with FORSTA, mostly in a very negative sense. Singular PRESTER is only used twice and female PRESTERESSE once. HÁVED.PRESTER: 'head'- or high priest.
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/]

Rede ~ RÉD (noun, derived from verb RÉDA)

Can also be read as the more common but Latin-based 'advice' or 'counsel'. However, the archaic, more native 'rede' deserves a revival. Du/Ge: raad/ Rat. The verb 'read' is a modern cognate. (see here)
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

Allies ~ ÁTHA, ÁTHUM (ÁTHSKIP: alliance)

Singular ÁTHE does not always translate well as ally, but rather as comrade. Name Athena/ Athens would be derived from this word.
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

Mercenaries ~ SALT.ATH(-A/-UM)

Literally 'salt-allies'; allies paid with salt, in contrast to voluntary allies or WÉRAR: defenders of their own land or people. Modern cognate soldier (Du/Ge: soldaat/ Soldat) does not fit well as translation, since this could also be interpreted as defender. (Also see: Allies, Defenders.)
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

Defenders ~ WÉRAR (from much used verb WÉRA: to defend)

Also used in combination BURCH- and LAND-. This was something honorable, in contrast to SALT.ÁTHA (see: Mercenaries).
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

Slaves ~ SLÁVONA 29, SLÁFONA 1, SLÁFONUM 2, SLÁVONENA 1 (singular SLÁF 2, SLÁV 1; female SLÁFINE 1; verb SLÁVA 1)

Often used in combination with FOLK or FOLKA(R): slave people(s). Sometimes this word literally means 'slaves', but often it refers to people who were not 'Fryas', in other words unfree people. It is not likely that Slavic peoples were meant, but it is possible that this the name of this race was derived from this word and habit of referring to them. This would be opposite of the ruling notion; that the word 'slave' is derived from the name of these people.
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [140/25-26].

RJUCHTA, ÉWA, SETMA, DOMAR
Key fragments: [/], [/], [/], [/].

MÁGÍ

... (not ready yet ~ I am having a summer holiday break)