Auxiliary verbs MOTA, MÜGE, WILLA

As is the case with most auxiliary verbs, the various modern cognates can have (somewhat) different meanings and uses. The verb 'may', for example means 'to be able' and can be used as auxiliary of prediction; 'will' is a future auxiliary; the Dutch 'mogen' means 'to be allowed' (archaic 'vermogen' is as 'may'), and 'willen'/ 'wollen' means 'to wish/ desire', etc.

English German Dutch Frisian Danish Norse Swedish

must müssen moeten moatte måtte måtte måste

may mögen mogen meie maj mai maj

will wollen willen wolle ville ville vilja

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1a. MOTA present

FRYAS**	English	German	Dutch*	Frisian*
IK MOT	all conjug.:	ich muss	sing.:	ik moat
THV MOST	must	du musst	moet	do moatst
ER MOT		er muss		hy moat
WI MOTON		wir müssen	plur.:	plur.:
-		ihr müsst	moeten	moatte
HJA MOTON/ MOTA		sie müssen

* in Dutch, 2nd person sing. je/jij and plur. jullie are informal, formal is u/U with verb conjug. as in sing.; in Frisian do (sing.) and jim (plur.) are informal (like German du and ihr), formal is jo (like German Sie, with capital and verb conjug. as 3rd person plural) with verb conjug. as plur.; other Dutch personal pronouns are: ik (I), hij/zij/ze (he/she), wij/we (we), zij/ze (they); other Frisian pers. pronouns plur.: se/sy/hja/hju (she), wy (we) and hja/sy (they).
** ER and HI are both used for 'he', HJU for 'she'; in text 16d (almost exclusively), SE is used for 'she' and 'they'; TE is used besides the more common THV (2nd pers. sing.), J, I and JO(W) is used for 2nd person singular and plural; whether sing. or plur. is ment, is not always clear, as is the case with Dutch and Frisian polite/formal forms 'u'/ 'U' and 'jo'.

1b. MOTA past

FRYAS	English	German	Dutch	Frisian
-	-	ich musste	sing.:	sing.:
-	-	du musstest	moest	moast
ER MOST(E)	-	er musste
WI MOSTON*	-	wir mussten	plur.:	plur.:
J MOSTE**	-	ihr musstet	moesten	moasten
HJA MOSTON***	-	sie mussten

* 1 out of 4: MOSTE/ ** 1 out of 4: MOSTEN/ 2 out of 11: MOSTE 

2a. MÜGE present

FRYAS	English	German	Dutch	Frisian
IK MÉI	all conjug.:	ich mag	sing.:	ik mei
THV MÉI*	may	du magst	mag	do meist
ER MÉI**		er mag		hy mei
WI MÜGE/-ON		wir mögen	plur.:	plur.:
I MÜGE***		ihr mögt	mogen	meie
HJA MÜGE****		sie mögen

* 1 out of 5: MÜGTH/ ** 2/17 MACH/ *** only once/ **** 1/7 MÜGATH, 1/7 MÜGON

2b. MÜGE past

FRYAS	English	German	Dutch	Frisian
IK MACHT	all conjug.:	ich mochte	sing.:	ik mocht
-	might	du mochtest	mocht	do mochtst
ER MACHT(E)*		er mochte		hy mocht
WI MACHTON		wir mochten	plur.:	plur.:
-		ihr mochtet	mochten	mochten
HJA MACHTON**		sie mochten

* 6 out of 18: MACHT, 9/18 MACHTE, 3/18 MOCHT/ ** 4/11 MACHTE

3a. WILLA present

FRYAS	English	German	Dutch	Frisian
IK WIL	all conjug.:	ich will	ik wil	ik wol
THV WILST	will	du willst	jij wilt	do wolst
HI WIL		er will	hij wil	hy wol
WI WILLATH			plur.:	plur.:
J WILLE*			willen	wolle
HJA WILLE/ -ATH

* only once

3b. WILLA past

FRYAS	English	German	Dutch	Frisian
IK WILDE	all conjug.:	ich wollte	sing.:	ik woe
-	would	du wolltest	wilde	do woest
HI WILDE		er wollte		hy woe
WI WILDON*		wir wollten	plur.:	plur.:
-		ihr wolltet	wilden	woene(n)
HJA WILDON**		sie wollten

* 1 out of 3: WILDE/ ** 4/12 WILDE

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Observations and conclusions to be added.