12 June 2012

Syntax too modern?


Posted 09 June 2012 - 11:02 AM
View PostAbramelin, on 09 June 2012 - 10:45 AM, said:
I said 2600 years because that was when the OLB is supposed to have been put on paper the first time.

And whatever text (in runes) they have found throughout (Northern) Europe, the syntax is always totally different from any modern Germanic language, including Frisian and Dutch.

Well if it doesn't change in 2000 years, why would it change in 600 years more?

Runic inscriptions will hardly reflect spoken language, they will more be like code.

OLB is the only known source of prechristian 'Dutch'.
Appearantly syntax didn't change.

That some people find it hard to imagine, is not a valid argument against the authenticity.

Many people found it hard to imagine that Darwin's theory was right.

I have shown that almost all of my ancestors from seven generations back came from Westfriesland. For their ancestors it will mostly be the same. People would not go far from home and only marry someone that spoke the same language. I know that some people's ancestors are from all over the place. Their culture is really more 'bastardised', more confused, literally. Let's simply do a thought experiment. Texel; people have lived there for thousands of years. Why would syntax have changed dramatically? Children learn it in the first few years mostly from their mother, brothers, sisters. In areas where there have been many wars it may be different, but not on an island like that.

Anyway, I don't find it hard to imagine at all that the OLB-syntax is authentic.
We can disagree about that, but the point is, that the fact that some people find it difficult to imagine, means nothing at all.


Posted 09 June 2012 - 11:42 AM
View PostAbramelin, on 09 June 2012 - 11:23 AM, said:
Well, read Beowulf or any other old English text of around the 8th century (or before) and you will see what I mean: you will recognize many Old Germanic words, but the syntax is very different.

Do you think people on Texel will have spoken that language in the the 8th century?
I don't.

The only real wars in North-Holland in the last 2000 years were the counts of 'Holland' trying to subdue Westfriesland, in which they only succeeded in the late 13th century.

Those counts from Holland will have been from Merovingean royal descent, judging by the name Theuderic (Diederik, Dirk) most of them had. Just like Friso did 1000 years earlier to get more influence, they will have married Frisian women (also because they were most beautiful and wise of course), and after a few generations they could have themselves be called 'comes Frisia', but that didn't mean the Frisians were willing to pay taxes. Hence the wars. In 1297 the whole male population was murdered, but the women remained and they will have taught their children the old language, although some terms may have become taboo, like after every war.

There may also have been a few Danish invasions around the time of Christenings, but then again, it was men coming, not changing much of the 'mother-tongue'.

There is no reason to believe that language in North-Holland changed much between the time of the Romans (who stayed below Rhine anyway) and the arrival of the Franks/ Merovingeans.


Posted 09 June 2012 - 11:44 AM
View PostAbramelin, on 09 June 2012 - 11:23 AM, said:
This was not a book with mere formulas or incantations or codes, although I should add that it is suggested that Wulfila tried to stay as close as possible to the Latin and/or Greek versions of the Bible he must have used.

That's the whole point. All of the oldest sources were written by Latin schooled monks.
Nothing (other than OLB) is saved from Westfrisian spoken language.


Posted 09 June 2012 - 03:32 PM
View PostAbramelin, on 09 June 2012 - 12:16 PM, said:
Then we go back centuries in time, and the language changes.

Why?

Quote
Did the Frisians speak a similar language as Old English (Beowulf style or older)?
Quite probably for it is known that when Willibrord tried to convert them to Christianity he didn't need an interpretor/translator.

Why do you think Willibrord spoke Beowulf style Old-English?

If the Westfrisians would have spoken that Beowulf style language, why and how would it have changed in only a few hundred years into Frisian/ Dutch?

In studying the OLB and Oldfrisian, I have learned that English is much more a bastardised language than Frisian and Dutch. F and D are more pure and 'in between' English, German and the Scandinavian languages. So it would only make sense if they are closer to the original 'Germanic'. I don't know much about English/ Brittish history, but it looks like there have been more wars and mixing of cultures and languages. Considering that even today Great Brittain knows several very different dialects, the 'Beowulf-style language' will not be the only Old-English that there must have been.


Posted 09 June 2012 - 04:37 PM
View PostAbramelin, on 09 June 2012 - 12:16 PM, said:
The language used (idiom and grammar) in the OLB is very similar to what we read in those 13th century Frisian Law Texts.

We must be aware, that the OLB language (as we know it) may not be what it was when it was first compiled in the 6th C. BC.

Copyists tend to make the text they copy more understandable.
There may have been many copyists other than Liko and Hidde, all may have changed bits.
The last copy (1256 BC) may represent what was understandable in that time.
Personally I don't think that language would have had to change so much within a strong culture, where people tended to chose to marry only people of there own culture.

But this is just to remind ourselves that - when OLB is authentic - it still is a 13th century copy, so we are not sure if it perfectly reflects the language of the original version.

Pheme, a famous FÁM (femme)


Posted 07 June 2012 - 11:37 PM


In Greek mythology, Pheme (Greek: Φήμη, Roman equivalent: Fama) was the personification of fame and renown, her favour being notability, her wrath being scandalous rumors. She was a daughter either of Gaia or of Hope, was described as "she who initiates and furthers communication" and had an altar at Athens. A tremendous gossip, Pheme was said to have pried into the affairs of mortals and gods, then repeated what she learned, starting off at first with just a dull whisper, but repeating it louder each time, until everyone knew. In art, she was usually depicted with wings and a trumpet.

In Roman mythology, Fama ("rumor") was described as having multiple tongues, eyes, ears and feathers by Virgil (in Aeneid IV line 180 and following) and other authors. She is also described as living in a home with 1000 windows so she could hear all being said in the world. Virgil wrote that she "had her feet on the ground, and her head in the clouds, making the small seem great and the great seem greater."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheme

Once more, a name that can simply be explained through OLB-Oldfrisan, which would change the existing etymology (i.c. make it more plausible):

FÁM = lady, sometimes translated as 'priestess' (but the Fryans hated priesthoods).
It was a highly responsible and respected position.
The term is used 143 times.
The French word for woman is derived from it: Femme (Latin: Femina), and of course, Feminism.
It would totally makes sense if the Greek/ Latin Pheme/ Fame would be derived from it.

The following fragment is interesting in this context:

[154/05]
FON ALLE GRÉVA THÉR BIFÁRA HIM WÉRON. N.AS THÉR NIMMAN SÁ BIFÁMED LIK FRISO WÉST. 
[Ottema and Sandbach p.209]
Van alle Graven, die voor hem waren, was er niemand zoo befaamd als Friso geweest.
Of all the counts that preceded him there was none so renowned [famous] as Friso.

WITH.BURCH ~ subsidiary burg


Posted 05 June 2012 - 12:52 PM
[150/09]
AN BYDE SIDA THÉRE HAVES.MVDE IS ÉNE WITH.BURCH BVWED

[Ottema p.203]
dat aan beide zijden van den havenmond eene versterkte burgt gebouwd is

[Sandbach p.203]
that on each side of the harbour a strong citadel has been built

[Jensma]
aan beide zijden van de havenmond is een witburcht* gebouwd
* Witburcht - onduidelijk; mogelijk afgeleid van Nieuwfries wiet = nat, dus een nat- of zeeburcht(?).

Ottema's "versterkte" (strengthened) was nothing but a wild guess. Sandbach accepted it and most later translations copied it (Overwijn, De Heer, Raubenheimer, Knul).
Jensma guessed it should be "witburcht" (water- or seaburgh), but nowhere in the whole manuscript WIT (in the meaning of water or sea) is spelled with -TH.
My guess is that it should just be "with-burg": subsidiary burg, in Dutch lit. "bij-burcht".
The most common spelling for "with" in OLB is "MITH": 353 times (including combinations like THÉRMITH, HWERMITH), but "WITH" is also used 16 times.
It is fascinating that the spelling with W seems to only have survived in English:

with - english
mit - german
met - dutch
med - danish, swedish, norwegian
með - icelandic
με, μετά - greek

'ALDLAND' in North-Holland (Den Helder)


Posted 05 June 2012 - 08:34 AM
On maps in this post, in order of appearance:

't oude Lant ~ 1657
Het Oude Landt ~ 1699
Oude Lan ~ 1750
Oude Land ~ 1792
Het Oude Land ~ 1793
fort of royal navy ~ 1867
satellite photo's









08 June 2012

Forum posts summaries ~ link-list

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06 June 2012

Spelling variety ~ Quantitative OLB-analysis

Towards a quantitative analysis of the OLB

If OLB is authentic, it is a composition of texts by various authors, from different times and different regions.
One would expect a variety of writing style and spelling between different parts of the book.

I am testing this hypothesis and present my first results here (more detailed data available):


1. SEND / SIND = present plural of verb 'to be'
sind - german
zijn - dutch
are - english
er - danish, norwegian
är - swedish
binne - frisian

___________________________________SEND __SIND______%
text before 'Ljudgert's Letter' . . 172 . . .8 . . 4%
Ljudgert's Letter (p.163-168) . . . . 0 . . 28 . 100%
text after 'Ljudgert's Letter . . . .22 . . .2 . .10%
-----------------------------------------------------
TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 . . 38 . .16%


2. BERN / BÀRN = child or children
bern (s.), bern (pl.) - frisian
barn, barn - swedish, norwegian
barn, børn - danish, icelandic
kind, kinder - german
kind, kinderen - dutch
child, children - english

__________________________________BERN___BÀRN______%
text before 'Jon's History'. . . . . 5 . . 31 . .86%
from Jon onwards (p.65). . . . . . .74 . . .1 . . 1%
----------------------------------------------------
TOTAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 . . 32 . .29%



3. KÀNING (incl. 1x KÁNING) / KENING or KÉNING = king
kening - frisian
koning - dutch
könig - german
konge - danish, norwegian
kung - swedish
king - english

____________________________KENING___KANING________%
text before 'Wodin'. . . . . . .33. . . . 0 . . . 0%
Wodin to Jon (p.53-71) . . . . . 0 . . . 14 . . 100%
Jon to Gosa (p.72-142) . . . . .24 . . . .0 . . . 0%
Friso to Beden (p.144-168) . . . 0 . . . .8 . . 100%
Rika (p.189-192) . . . . . . . . 1 . . . .3 . . .75%
Black Adel (p.195-210) . . . . . 6 . . . .6 . . .50%
----------------------------------------------------
TOTAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 . . . 31 . . .33%



4. NW / NV = now
nu - dutch, danish, swedish
nú - icelandic
nou - (west-) frisian
now - english
nun - german
nå - norwegian
nunc - latin

_______________________________NW___NV______%
text before 'Nyhallenja' . . . .9 . .0 . . 0%
Nyhallenja (p.33-39) . . . . . .1 . .3 . .75%
Minno to Tunis (p.39-61) . . . 18 . .0 . . 0%
Kalta-Minerva-Jon (p.61-71). . .5 . 11 . .69%
Gertmanna to Gosa (p.72-142) . 42 . .0 . . 0%
Konered to Adel (p.143-157). . .6 . .6 . .50%
Gosa's advise (p.157-163). . . .0 . .9 . 100%
Ljudgert to Rika (p.163-192) . .1 . .0 . . 0%
Black Adel (p.195-210) . . . . .3 . .5 . .63%
---------------------------------------------

TOTAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 . 34 . .29%


5. WI / WY = we
wy - frisian
vi - danish, swedish, norwegian
wij, we - dutch
we - english
wir - german
við - icelandic

__________________________________WI___WY_______%
text before 'Forma Skednise' . . . 7 . .0 . . .0%
FS to Fasta (p.6-14) . . . . . . . 0 . .2 . .100%
Ewa to Horninga (p.15-44). . . . .29 . .1 . . .3%
Jolsigns (p.45-46) . . . . . . . . 1 . .2 . . 67%
Arge Tid to Formlere (p.47-99) . .61 . .4 . . .6%
Other Formler (p.100-103). . . . . 0 . .9 . .100%
Trast to Frethorik (p.104-119) . .12 . .1 . . .8%
Ljudgert's diary (p.120-130) . . .43 . .5 . . 10%
text after Ljudgert (p.130-210). .31 . .2 . . .6%
-------------------------------------------------
TOTAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 . 26 . . 12%


6. MITH / WITH = with
with - english
mit - german
met - dutch
med - danish, swedish, norwegian
með - icelandic
μετά - greek

__________________________________MITH___WITH_______%
text before rights Mother . . . . . 28 . . .0 . . .0%
Rights to Horninga (p.23-44). . . . 27 . . .4 . . 13%
Jolsigns to Tunis (p.45-61) . . . . 26 . . .0 . . .0%
Kalta-Minerva-Jon (p.62-71) . . . . 18 . . .1 . . .5%
Gertmen to Neiskrift (p.72-87). . . 31 . . .1 . . .3%
Adelbrost-Apollanja (p.87-113). . . 44 . . .1 . . .2%
Frethorik (p.113-133) . . . . . . . 54 . . .1 . . .2%
Wiljo (p.133-142) . . . . . . . . . .8 . . .3 . . 27%
Konered (p.143-157) . . . . . . . . 42 . . .1 . . .2%
Gosa to Rika (p.158-192). . . . . . 30 . . .1 . . .3%
Black Adel (p.195-210). . . . . . . 43 . . .3 . . .7%
-----------------------------------------------------
TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .351 . . 16 . . .4%


7. BURGUM / BURGA = plural of BURG; borough
burg - german
burcht - dutch
boarch - frisian
borg - danish, swedish, norwegian
borough - english

_______________________________BURGUM___BURGA_______%
text before Grevetmanna . . . . . . 3 . . . 0 . . .0%
Grevetmanna (p.5) . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 3 . .100%
Fasta to Burg-ewa (p.14-18) . . . . 6 . . . 0 . . .0%
Horninga (p.43-44). . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 1 . .100%
Jolsigns to Wodin (p.45-60) . . . . 2 . . . 0 . . .0%
Kalta-Minerva-Jon (p.62-71) . . . . 1 . . . 1 . . 50%
Denamarka (p.79-87) . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 1 . .100%
Bruno to Gosa (p.91-118). . . . . . 4 . . . 0 . . .0%
Konered (p.143-157) . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 2 . .100%
Gosa's advise (p.158-162) . . . . . 1 . . . 0 . . .0%
Rika (p.189-192). . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 1 . .100%
Black Adel (p.195-210). . . . . . . 1 . . . 0 . . .0%
-----------------------------------------------------
TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 . . . 9 . . 33%


8. NIM-MAN + NIM-MER / NIN-MAN + NIN-MER / NÀM-MAN + NÀM-MER = no man (no-one) + never
This includes varieties:
NIM: -màn, -men, -merte, -merthe
NIN: -màn, -nan, -merthe
NÀM: -mar

nimmen - frisian
niemand - dutch, german
ingen - danish, swedish, norwegian

nimmer - dutch, german, frisian
never - english
aldri(g) - danish, swedish, norwegian

______________________________NAM-___NIM-___NIN-
letters Hidde & Liko . . . . . . 0 . . .2 . . .0
p.1-6 introduction . . . . . . . 2 . . .0 . . .0
p.7-14 Forma Skednise. . . . . . 4 . . .1 . . .0
p.15 burglaws. . . . . . . . . . 2 . . .1 . . .0
p.19 common laws . . . . . . . . 0 . . .4 . . .0
p.25-26 Rjuchta Aller Fryas. . . 2 . . .0 . . .0
p.29-42 Minno, 3 Weta. . . . . . 1 . . .8 . . .0
p.47-71 Arge Tid to Jon. . . . . 0 . . .1 . . .7
p.72-87 Gertmanna to Ende. . . . 0 . . .6 . . .0
p.93 Adela's death . . . . . . . 0 . . .0 . . .1
p.97 Formlere. . . . . . . . . . 0 . . .1 . . .0
p.100 Other Formler. . . . . . . 0 . . .0 . . .1
p.103 Trast. . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . .1 . . .1
p.106-117 Apollanja-Frethorik. . 0 . . .2 . . .0
p.120 Ljudgert diary . . . . . . 0 . . .5 . . .1
p.131-163 Brokmanna-Gosa . . . . 0 . . 10 . . .0
p.168 Beden. . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . .2 . . .1
p.189-210 Rika to Black Adel . . 0 . . .3 . . .0
------------------------------------------------
TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . 47 . . 12


Many interesting conclusions can be drawn from these data, but for now I will limit myself to presenting them.

I add only this:

If OLB was created in the 19th century, the (main) author must have been extremely knowledgeable, intelligent and creative, to be able to evoke this highly sophisticated'illusion of authenticity' (term used by Jensma). If the intension was simply to make a parody of the Bible and/or Frisian 'Fantastic' history - as Jensma suggests - this effort to add spelling variety in this way was totally out of proportion.

More precisely:
According to Jensma, besides a parody of Frisian historiography, the OLB would be a parody of the  'denominational struggle between orthodoxy and free-thinking modernism which broke out at the end of the 1850s inside the Dutch Reformed church as well as in Dutch society as a whole'.

03 June 2012

Fryan syntax & Mother-tongue


Posted 2 June, 12:19 AM
View PostAbramelin, on 01 June 2012 - 04:57 PM, said:
The OLB manuscript was originally thought to have been written in Old Frisian but according to Jensma "the syntax of this artificial language proves to be completely in line with modern, read: nineteenth-century Dutch/Frisian"

Jensma is not completely sure that OLB is a hoax.
He addmitted so himself, I have quoted him on that earlier.
Therefore, it is not sure that the language is artificial.
Thus, the obove quote is wrong.

It should be:

"The syntax of modern Dutch/ Frisian is in line with the language of the OLB."

Since syntax didn't really change over the last few hundred years, why should it have changed over the last 1000 or 2000 years?

We only have a few written records  from late-medieval monks, who were Latin schooled. They will not have been Westfrisians, as the Westfrisians hated the church and everything having to do with it.

In North-Holland/ Westfriesland/ Texland (Texel) the original Fryan culture and language may have been well preserved, transmitted from mother to child (hence mothertongue; moedertaal; memmetaal). The people from this area will have had much influence on Dutch culture, otherwise we would by now be speaking French, German, Danish or English. Our language, syntax and vocabulary must be deeply rooted in our culture. While men usually travel around, going to wars, exploring, trading etc., women usually stay home (unless they are kidnapped, sold, traded or if they really have to escape when driven out of their land.) In peace-minded cultures, children are raised mainly by their mothers. In war-minded cultures, the sons get military schooling (by men who will often be from different areas) from young age. So language stays most pure in areas where mothers raise and educate their children.

Think about that one for a while.

Westfriesland (and Texel?) were subdued for the first time (as far as I know) by the counts of 'Holland' (a term introduced in 1100 to replace 'Frisia') in the late 13th century.

We have to ask this question:

Is it possible that OLB and its language are authentic?

The answer is:

YES, that IS possible.




Posted 2 June, 09:10 AM
View PostAbramelin, on 01 June 2012 - 04:57 PM, said:
The OLB manuscript was originally thought to have been written in Old Frisian but according to Jensma "the syntax of this artificial language proves to be completely in line with modern, read: nineteenth-century Dutch/Frisian"

Besides that it is not sure that the language is 'artificial', there is more wrong with this quote.

The syntax of the OLB-language is as much in line with the syntax of late medieval Oldfrisian (from the well-known laws) as it is with that of 19th century Dutch/Frisian.

Jensma's "read: nineteenth-century" is suggestive, one might even say demagogic.

He wants the reader to believe something that he could not prove.



Posted 2 June, 11:00 PM
View PostOtharus, on 02 June 2012 - 12:19 AM, said:
In North-Holland/ Westfriesland/ Texland (Texel) the original Fryan culture and language may have been well preserved, transmitted from mother to child (hence mothertongue; moedertaal; memmetaal).
...
So language stays most pure in areas where mothers raise and educate their children.


Mother tongue - English
Langue maternelle - French
Lengua materna - Spanish
Madrelingua - Italian
Muttersprache - German
Moedertaal - Dutch
Memmetaal - Frisian
Modersmål - Danish, Swedish
Morsmål - Norwegian

We usually learn the basics of our language (and ethics) from our mother.

Before there was television and radio, and when people usually did not go very far from home, children will only have heard the language of their familiy and village members. (In cities even neighbourhoods would have their own particular accent.) Education by the parents and family was more important than in the last few generations.

Since I collected data of my ancestors a long time ago, I could easily do a case-study, making visible the spread of six generations of mothers. As you can see almost all of them were born in Westfriesland. Only four were born a bit more south, but still in the province North-Holland (between Amsterdam and Westfriesland).



I have read witness reports from the early18th century, they give a good impression of spoken language as the notary would literally quote the witnesses. Apart from a few words that are no longer used, language (syntax) has not changed a bit.

Between 1700 and now the language of my ancestors has hardly changed, and they did not migrate much.

I can imagine that in the preceding centuries changes happened even slower.
Communication was much more oral than now.
Because common people were hardly reading, the brain had much more space left for speaking and listening (and singing :lol: ).
I also think their vocabulary was much better than ours.