[added new translations 16-5-2024]
Silver coin (4 drachme, ca. 305-283 BCE, Alexandria)
with portrait of Ptolemy I Soter: "PTOLEMAIOU BASILEOS"
wikipedia:Basileus (Greek: βασιλεύς) is a Greek term and title that has signified various types of monarchs in history. [...]The following clue is worth considering, in my opinion:
The etymology of basileus is unclear.
Source: Das magusanische Europa, oder: Phönizier in den Innen-Landen des europäischen Westens bis zur Weser und Werra: Skythisches Einvolk und Einsprache in Hoch- und Vorder-Asien, Nord-Africa, spaeter Ost- und West-Europa, Volume 4 (1834), Wilhelm Gottlieb Levin von Donop (p.197: list of "Semitische und Gaalische Herleitungen")
Not all suggested etymologies in this list are convincing, but this one is, to me:
Bas-Luis = Vorstand des Volks (German) = president/ leader of the people
LJUD or LJVD in OLB, see earlier post about HÉRLJUD - Heruli.
hljóð - icelandic
ljuda - swedish
lyd - norse, danish
lui, lieden - dutch
leute - german
(note the name LJUDPOLD - Luitpold - Leopold)
The Online Etymology Dictionary has:
boss - "overseer," (...) from Dutch baas "a master," Middle Dutch baes, of obscure origin.And on the dutch Etymologiebank it says (translated):
baas - leader, head of something (...) of unknown origin (...)Are established etymologists paid to play dumb?
There are no related words in other Indo-European languages.
It is probably a word from a non-Indo-European substrate.
Derived from Dutch are:
boss, base, bass - english
bas, baß, baas - german
bas - danish, swedish, norse
Basileus = luisbaas (dutch) = LJU(D)S.BÁS (fryas)
Here are the OLB fragments with BÁS (master, boss, etc.), four of which referring to the Mágí (fragments 4, 5, 6, 7):
1 [002/26]
THA BÁSA ÀND HJARA STORSTA SVNUM
KRUPTON BY THA LODDARIGA FINNA MANGÉRTUM.
The chieftains and their best sons
laid down with promiscuous Finn girls.
2 [036/19]
THÉRVMBE KJASTH VS FOLK SIN FORSTA. GRÉVA. RÉDJÉVAR
ÀND ALLE BÁSA ÀND MÁSTERA UT.A WISESTA THÉRA GODA MÀNNISKA
2 [036/19]
THÉRVMBE KJASTH VS FOLK SIN FORSTA. GRÉVA. RÉDJÉVAR
ÀND ALLE BÁSA ÀND MÁSTERA UT.A WISESTA THÉRA GODA MÀNNISKA
which is why our folk elects our leaders, aldermen, counselors,
and all chieftains and masters from the wisest of the good people
3 [038/04]
THAT ALLERMANNALIK THÉR HJA HÉRA WILDE RIK ÀND LUKICH SKOLDE WERTHA.
ÀND ÉNIS BÁS SKOLDE WERTHA OVIR ALLE KÉNINGKRIK JRTHA.S
3 [038/04]
THAT ALLERMANNALIK THÉR HJA HÉRA WILDE RIK ÀND LUKICH SKOLDE WERTHA.
ÀND ÉNIS BÁS SKOLDE WERTHA OVIR ALLE KÉNINGKRIK JRTHA.S
that whosoever would hear her should become rich and happy,
and eventually should rule [lit. become master] the whole kingdom of Earth.
As a result of Wodin’s infidelity and misjudgment,
the Magy became their master
6 [084/27]
IK HÀV THI FRÉJETH JEFTH IK BÁS SKILDE WERTHA
OVIR ALLE LÁNDA ÀND FOLKRA FRYAS
6 [084/27]
IK HÀV THI FRÉJETH JEFTH IK BÁS SKILDE WERTHA
OVIR ALLE LÁNDA ÀND FOLKRA FRYAS
I asked you if I should become master
Three years later, the Magy ruled [lit. was master] unchallenged.
8 [122/02]
ALSA NÉARCHUS THÉR SELVA NÉN BÁS OVIR BILÍWA NE KV
8 [122/02]
ALSA NÉARCHUS THÉR SELVA NÉN BÁS OVIR BILÍWA NE KV
which had undermined Nearchus’ authority [lit. ... could not remain master ...]
9 [141/13]
THÉR NE SKILUN NÉNE ORA MÁSTERA NACH FORSTA NER BÁSA NAVT NÉSA
AS THÉRA THÉR BI MÉNA WILLE KÉREN SEND.
9 [141/13]
THÉR NE SKILUN NÉNE ORA MÁSTERA NACH FORSTA NER BÁSA NAVT NÉSA
AS THÉRA THÉR BI MÉNA WILLE KÉREN SEND.
There shall be no other masters, princes, or bosses
than those elected by the common will.
10 [190/30]
JAHWEDER MÀN IS THENE FÉDER FON SIN HÛSHALDEN
HÉRVMBE SKIL.ER ÁK BÁS ÀND RJUCHTER OVIR WÉSA.
10 [190/30]
JAHWEDER MÀN IS THENE FÉDER FON SIN HÛSHALDEN
HÉRVMBE SKIL.ER ÁK BÁS ÀND RJUCHTER OVIR WÉSA.
Every man is the feeder of his household.
Therefore, he shall also be its master and judge.
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