24 September 2013

Forum #34 English (12 - 28 apr. 2013)

The discussion about BAST, BASTRED is posted seperately on Fryskednis.
Posted 12 April 2013 - 03:31 PM
NO-ID-EA, on 12 April 2013 - 11:49 AM, said:
[...] conversations about whether the Tresoar copy is the original 13th C copy  or not

I don't remember a discussion about that.

Personally, I don't have any reason to believe that the Tresoar copy is NOT the original 13th C. copy.
Quote
and also on the page numbering , as it seems page 4 , is not the reverse side of page 3 etc

Page 3 was photographed with other pages under it, so one has to look close to see that it is actually the reverse side of page 4.

Quote
it has always seemed lucky/weird , that in the Okke min sunne letter , that the writing on both sides of the page starts under the torn part of the page , as if it was originally written on a damaged leaf ??

Interesting observation. Yes, that makes sense.

### Posted 12 April 2013 - 09:19 PM
NO-ID-EA, on 12 April 2013 - 05:29 PM, said:
it only looks different because of the sheet underneath.................do you think the same is true though of  page 100-27 and 100-28  which looks to me as though 100-41 and 100-42 look better matches . ??
Posted Image

Very well observed.
Yes, I think it has indeed to do with what sheet lies underneeth.
This is very confusing. The photographer should have taken every page seperately.

Quote
if you go to tresour pagina 196 ... the copy of the book looks like the paper is much whiter , and it may be an optical illusion , but the pages also look narrower and longer than on the next page .....what do you think.
Posted Image
I think that is just the lightning and no, to me it doesn't look like the width-length ratio is different.
The perspective creates that illusion.

Posted 12 April 2013 - 09:25 PM
gestur, on 12 April 2013 - 09:19 PM, said:
Yes, I think it has indeed to do with what sheet lies underneeth.

The two sheets (4 pages) may actually be connected together, as being part of the same section or gathering. (bookbinding term)

### Posted 13 April 2013 - 08:11 AM
NO-ID-EA, on 13 April 2013 - 12:03 AM, said:
what do you mean by,  its something to do with the binding , please explain further

That the sheets are connected like this:  

_______________________
|128 . . . | . . . 141|
| . . . . .|. . . . . |
|. . . . . | . . . . .|

Other side:
_______________________
|142 . . . | . . . 127|
| . . . . .|. . . . . |
|. . . . . | . . . . .|


This is what I meant, but now I get doubts. They would not have folded the sheet in the wrong direction, just to make the photo.

### Post about SKAM, SKADA, SKANDA etc. seperately blogged on Fryskednis
 

###Posted 15 April 2013 - 06:43 AM
NO-ID-EA, on 14 April 2013 - 09:36 PM, said:
they were the:- king of Norwaeze ( Norweie ) Desemone King (Dene Marche )King of Rusie ( Russie ) King of Gutlonde ( Scotlond ) King of Frise ( Frisye )

Interesting. Does it say more, like when this was and what their names were?

### Posted 15 April 2013 - 08:33 AM
Left - Right

Posted Image

It is remarkable that there are so many different words for left and right in Europe, while it must be an old concept.
Note that from the Oldfrisian words WINSTER and FÉR, only varieties of WINSTER has survived in the Scandinavian languages.
Also note the spelling variety FÉRE - FÉRRE.

right, dexter - english
recht (-s, -er) - dutch
recht (-s, -e) - german
højre - danish
höger - swedish
høyre - norwegian
hægri - icelandic
droit - french
destra - italian
derecho - spanish
direito - portuguese

left - english
link (-s, -er) - dutch
link (-s, -e) - german
venstre - danish, norwegian
vänster - swedish
vinstri - icelandic
gauche - french
sinistra - italian
izquierda - spanish
esquerd (-a, -o) - portuguese

Oldfrisian dictionary Hettema 1832:
ferre, ferrehond = right hand (ferre also means far, and so does FÉR in OLB)
winstere - left

[034/24]
HWÉRTO THJANATH THENE HVND AN THINA FÉRA HAND
[O-S p.51]
waartoe dient de hond aan uwe rechter hand
what is the use of [whereto serves] the dog on your right hand?

[107/07]
ANTHA FÉRE SÍDE THÉRA FINTH MÀN THJU FORM.LÉRE.
ANNA WINSTERE SÍDE THA ÉWA
[O-S p.147]
Aan de rechterzijde van deze vindt men de formleer;
aan de linkerzijde de wetten.
On the right side of this are [:one finds] the formulae,
and on the other [left] side the laws

[168/07]
SÁ SKINTH SVNNE ÀJEN THINE WINSTERE SÍDE
LIK SE OWERS ÀJEN THINE FÉRRE SÍDE DVAT.
[O-S p.227]
zoo schijnt de zon tegen uwe linkerzijde,
gelijk zij anders aan uwe rechterzijde doet
the sun shines on your left side
as it does in other countries [elsewhere] on the right side

### Post about horse, rider and manes see seperate post on Fryskednis
 
### Posted 18 April 2013 - 05:06 PM
gestur, on 17 April 2013 - 04:54 PM, said:
[095/10]
SJUGUN JRTH.FÉT WÉRE HJU LONG
ÀND HJRA GÉRT SÁ FÉLO.
THRÍJA SWIKTE HJA THAM OR HJRA HOLE
ÀND AS ER DEL KÉM
WÉR EN RIDDER GÀRS.FALLICH.

[O-S p.133]
zeven aardvoet was zij lang,
en haar zwaard even zoo lang,
dit zwaaide zij driemaal over haar hoofd
en toen het nederkwam
beet een ridder in het gras [werd een ruiter 'grasvallig'].
She was seven feet high [long; tall],
and her sword was the same length.
She waved it three times over her head,
and each time [as is came down]
a knight bit the earth [a rider were 'grasfalling'].

Wirth (German, 1933): "und ihr Schwert gleich lang" Jensma (Dutch, 2006): "en haar zwaard evenveel"


All translations assume - from the context - that GÉRT means sword.

Everywhere else in OLB, GÉRT means desire (Dutch: begeerte).
It is used in the combination MANGÉRTE = girl or young woman, as a name (the daughter of PIRE) and her followers, theGÉRTMANNA.

In the fragment, I don't think it meant sword, but something like a staff or long rod.


Hettema Oldfrisian dictionary (1832): Gerd, geerd = roede (rod) Etymologiebank: garde = rod, stick Gtb: garde, gaarde, gerde = rod Posted Image

"Guard" may very well be related.
etymonline.com/guard

### Posted 19 April 2013 - 11:06 AM
wikipedia/Beguines_and_Beghards
beguine - english
begijn - dutch
begine - german, frisian
begien - limburgian
béguine - french
begínur - icelandic
beginer - swedish, norwegian
beguinas - spanish, portuguese
beghine - italian
... etcetera

The etymology of this word is not clear.

Quote
Het woord verschijnt vrijwel tegelijkertijd in Latijnse teksten: beggini ‘ketters’ [1200-25; Gijsseling 1985] en begginas, alsschimpnaam voor religieuze vrouwen in een klooster in Waals-Brabant. De etymologie van het woord is omstreden.
etymologiebank/begijn

I suggest that, like Tanfana may have come from T.ANFANG (origin), Begine may have its origin in T.BIJIN (the beginning).

They may have been named after a lost 'religious' group, because they were in a way a continuation of it.
No evidence, just suggesting the possibility.

OLB p. 45

... THI TÉKNA FON THAT JOL.
THAT IS THAT FORMA SINNE BILD WR.ALDA.S.
AK FON T.ANFANG JEFTHA T.BIJIN
WÉRUT TID KÉM


Ottema p.65

... de teekens van het Juul,
dat is het eerste zinnebeeld van Wralda,
ook van den aanvang of het begin,
waaruit de Tijd is voortgekomen

Sandbach p.65

... the signs of the Juul
—that is, the first symbol of Wr-alda, 
also of the origin or beginning 
from which Time is derived

Wirth p.44

die Zeichen des Juls.
Das ist das älteste Sinnbild Wraldas,
auch von dem Anfang oder dem Beginne,
woraus die Zeit kam

### Posted 20 April 2013 - 08:21 AM
NO-ID-EA, on 19 April 2013 - 05:27 PM, said:
Aristophon in the " Archonship of Euclides " ( 403 BC) talks of one of the laws made was that anyone who was born where both parents are not Citizens is considered a bast.ard.

Does anyone know what word was used in the (most) original text?

### Posted 20 April 2013 - 08:35 AM
Abramelin, on 20 April 2013 - 05:55 AM, said:
In short (and that is also true in Frisian) : ONT=/= AAN/ON

Not true.

Ont- can mean aan-.
Example: ontsteken = (a.o.) aansteken
gtb.inl.nl/ontsteken

A literal translation for aanvang would be catch-on.

Although the words ANFANG and BIJIN virtually mean the same, there is a subtle difference.
ANFANG suggests an initial act by someone or something, in this case WRALDA.
BIJIN is a more passive beginning.

### Posted 20 April 2013 - 08:47 AM
Abramelin, on 19 April 2013 - 10:43 PM, said:
Sandbach's translation of "T.Anfang" is wrong: it doesn't mean 'origin', it's just another word for 'the beginning'.

Sandbach's translation of these words is fine.

Origin also has a very similar meaning to beginning.
Quote
Tanfana or Tamfana was a goddess [...]

All that is based on assumptions.

Even if some people named a goddess so, what did her name mean?
The origin of the word may very well be explained by the OLB, as so many other words and names.

- - - -Anyway, my point was and is that the word BEGIJNEN / BEGINEN (which has no clear etymology yet) may have come from an old WRALDA-cult, named after T.BIJIN.

### Posted 20 April 2013 - 09:01 AM
Abramelin, on 20 April 2013 - 08:56 AM, said:
The OLB has more of these subtle (and sometimes not so subtle) hints to the Bible.

One can easily turn that around: in the bible traces can be found of older traditions.

### Posted 20 April 2013 - 03:26 PM
Abramelin, on 20 April 2013 - 01:22 PM, said:
So the words they used, WR-ALDA T-ANFANG T-BIJIN do indeed make no sense.

For who has any imagination, it does.


From creation myth:

"Wralda, that/who alone is perfect and eternal, made the ANFANG. After that came TID (time)."

So ANFANG is older than time.

Beginning (BIJIN) may be a more profane word.

Knul made a good point: to use two words with a similar meaning, one can make the concept stronger ("very beginning").

Posted 20 April 2013 - 06:32 PM
"Im Anfang war das Wort" - Luther, Joh.1:1
(at the anfang was the word)
What word?
ANFANG

It was the first Wralda made, according to the creation myth.
For a Fryasborn, it would therefore be a sacred word, more than BIJIN.

Posted 21 April 2013 - 09:06 AM
Abramelin, on 20 April 2013 - 06:52 PM, said:
... the Word was God.

WR.ALDA (the very oldest) = GOD (good or perfect) + ÉVG (eternal or forever)

God = WR.ALDA = T.ANFANG (the origin or beginning) = T.BIJIN = the utter start

### Posted 24 April 2013 - 10:57 AM
Death, to die, to kill [this was already posted on Fryskednis, here]
And on 28 april:
Eyes [already posted on Fryskednis, here]

### Posted 28 April 2013 - 11:12 PM
Outsmarting oldschool Dutch etymology (again)
Posted Image

Quote

hommeles zn. (NN) ‘ruzie’
Vnnl. in Hoe ist er, hommeles? [1653; WNT], het sal daar lustig hommelis sijn [1681; WNT]. Ook nu nog meestal in onpersoonlijke constructies: er is hommeles, 't is hommeles, en soms naar analogie van ruzie ook ze hebben hommeles.
Herkomst onzeker. Wrsch. afgeleid van een werkwoord hommelen ‘zoeken, gonzen’ [1599; Kil.], dat ook ‘razen, tieren’ kon betekenen: nu zal 't er duivels homlen [1761; WNT hommelen]
Source: M. Philippa e.a. (2003-2009) Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands
http://etymologieban...fwoord/hommeles

Also see here: http://gtb.inl.nl/iW...modern=hommeles

Oldfrisian dictionaries:

Wiarda (1786)
Homelia: brechen, zerbrechen, zerstören
Homelenga, hamelinghe, hemelinge: das abschneiden, die verschneidung, verstümmlung

Hettema (1832)
Homelia, hommelje: afbreken, vernielen
Homelinge, hommeling: vernieling

Richthofen (1848)
Homelia: verstümmeln
Homelenge: verstümmlung

-
Varieties of the word in the Oera Linda Book

verb:
HOMMELJA - to destroy [3]
(all) WÀRTH HOMLJATH - is destroyed [2]
(they) WRDE HOMLJAT - are destroyed [1]
(it) HETH VRHOMELT - has destroyed [5]
(they) SEND VRHOMLATH - have been destroyed [4]

adjective:
VRHOMELDE (BURCH) - destroyed (burgh) [6]

expressive combinations:
HOMLJATH ÀND VRDÀREN [2]
HOMMELJA AND MORTHJA [3]
VRHOMLATH ÀND VRDILIGAD [4]

1 [025/15]
THÉR WRDE HUSA HOMLJAT JEFTHA SKÉPA
[O-S p.39]
daar worden huizen vernield [:gemold] of schepen
either ships or houses are destroyed

2 [033/11]
INLANDISKA ORLOCH. HWÉRTHRVCH ELLA
HOMLJATH ÀND VRDÀREN WÀRTH

[O-S p.49]
binnenlandsche oorlog, waardoor alles
in de war gebragt en in ’t verderf gestort wordt
civil wars, and everything [:wherethrough all]
is thrown into confusion and destroyed


3 [073/28]
SÉKROPS THAM NAVT NE HILDE NI
FON MORTHJA NOR FON HOMMELJA

[O-S p.103]
Cecrops die niet hield
van moorden noch van verwoesten [: hommelen, mollen]
Cecrops, who had no inclination towards
murder or devastation
[:who didn't like to kill or destroy]


4 [161/26]
ALLE BURGUM THÉR THRVCH ÀRGE TÍD
VRHOMLATH SEND ÀND VRDILIGAD

[O-S p.219]
alle burgten die door de booze [:erge] tijd
verstoord [:verhommeld] en verdelgd zijn
all the citadels that have been
disturbed and destroyed in the bad time


5 [199/17]
TROJE ALSA HETH.ÉNE STÉDE HÉTEN
THÉR ET FOLK FON THA FÉRE KRÉKA.LANDA
INNOMTH ÀND VRHOMELT HETH

[O-S p.239]
Troja alzoo heeft eene stad geheeten,
die het volk van de verre Krekalanden (Griekenland)
heeft ingenomen en verwoest [:verhommeld].
Troy is the name of a town
that the far Krekalanders (Greeks)
had taken and destroyed.


6 [202/15]
TWISK THA BVW.FALA THÉRE VRHOMELDE BURCH STÁVJA
WAS JETA ÉNE SNODE BURCH.FÁM
MITH SVME FÁMNE SÉTEN

[O-S p.243]
Tusschen de bouwvallen van de verwoeste [:verhommelde] burgt Stavia
was nog een schrandere [:snode] Burgtmaagd [:Burgfaam]
met eenige Maagden [:Famen] gevestigd [:gezeten].
Among the ruins of the destroyed citadel of Stavia
there was still established [:seated] a clever Burgtmaagd [:Burghfam],
with a few maidens [:some Fams].


-

Also plausible IMO
HOMELJA -> HMOLJA -> MOLJA -> mollen (to destroy)

Quote
mollen ww. ‘kapotmaken, vernielen’
Nnl. mollen ‘dood maken’ [1706; WNT].
Oorspr. een Bargoens woord dat een afleiding is van het bn. mol ‘dood’ [1752; Moormann], ontleend aan Romani muló ‘id.’, waarvan de oorsprong niet bekend is. Eerder komt al Bargoens mollement “doodtsteeken” [1731; Moormann] voor.
Source: M. Philippa e.a. (2003-2009) Etymologisch Woordenboek van het Nederlands
http://etymologieban...refwoord/mollen

Also see: http://gtb.inl.nl/iW...=WNT&id=M039962

Horse, mane, rider

This was posted on the UM forum last april
Posted Image

(OLB-word - fragment nr.)

HORS - 1,9,11
STRIDHROS - 4
HORSA  (plur.) - 2,5,10,11,13
HORSUM (plur.) - 6
KLEPPAR [066]

MÀNNA - 1,9

RIDDER - 8,9
RUTAR (plur.?) - 3
HRUTAR (plur.) - 11,12
RIDDERUM (plur.) - 6,7

horse - english (♂ stallion - ♀ mare)
ros, paard - dutch (♂ hengst - ♀ merrie)
pferd - german (♂ hengst - ♀ stute)
hest - danish, norwegian (♂ hingst - ♀ hoppe)
häst - swedish (♂ hingst - ♀ sto)
hestur - icelandic (♂ stóðhestur - ♀ hryssa)

mane - english, swedish, icelandic
manen - dutch
mähne - german
manke - danish, norwegian

rider - english
ruiter, rijder - dutch (ridder = knight)
reiter - german (ritter = knight)
rytter - danish, norwegian (ridder = knight)
ryttare - swedish (riddare = knight)
riddari - icelandic (riddari = knight)

{added 27-1-24: [066] THAHWILA AL HJRA LJUDA STÁK ÀND STIF FON SKRIK STANDON [10] KÉM HJU SKÉNER AS Á TOFORA VP HJRA KLEPPAR TO HROPANDE NÉI KÀLTA MIN.HIS}

1 [007/30]
FINDA. WAS GÉL ÀND HJR HÉR SÁ THA MÀNNA ÉNER HORS
[O-S p.15]
Finda was geel en hare haren gelijk de manen van een paard
Finda was yellow, and her hair was like the mane of a horse

2 [016/24]
THJU MODER ET TEX.LÁND SKIL MÀN JÉVA.
THRJA SJVGUN FLINKA BODON
MITH THRIA TWILLIF RAPPA HORSA.
VPPA ORA BURGUM EK BURCH.FÁM
THRÉ BODON MITH SJVGUN HORSA.
[O-S p.27]
De Moeder te Texland zal men geven
driemaal zeven flinke boden,
met driemaal twaalf rappe paarden.
Op de andere burgten elk burgtmaagd
drie boden met zeven paarden.
The mother at Texland shall have [one shall give]
three times seven active messengers,
and three times twelve speedy horses.
In the other citadels each maiden shall have
three messengers and seven horses.

3 [055/11]
THÁ WODIN KRONED WAS
GVNG.ER VPPA WILDA LOS.
THI WÉRON AL RUTAR
[O-S p.77]
Toen Wodin gekroond was,
ging hij op de wilden los;
zij waren allen ruiters
When Wodin was crowned,
he attacked ['went loose upon'] the savages,
who were all horsemen ['riders']

4 [064/04]
AS ET FOLK NV ALGÁDUR DRUNKEN WÉRE
GVNG HJU BVPPEN VP HJRA STRIDHROS STANDA.
TO LÉNANDE MITH HIRA HOLE TOJENST HJRA SPÉRI.
MORNE.RÁD NE KV NAVT SKÉNER.
[O-S p.89]
Toen het volk nu allen te zamen dronken waren,
ging zij boven op haar strijdros staan
met het hoofd tegen hare speer geleund.
Het morgenrood kon niet schooner wezen.
When they [the people] were all drunk
she mounted [went standing upon] her war-horse,
leaning her head upon her spear.
Sunrise [morning-red] could not be more beautiful.

5 [081/02]
IN STÉDE FON THA OWERA TO BIWÁKANDE
SPANDON HJA HJARA HORSA FOR HJARA TOGUM
ÀND RUNON NÉI SKÉNLAND THÁ
[O-S p.113]
In plaats van de oevers te bewaken,
spanden hij hunne paarden voor hunne sleden,
en reden naar Schoonland.
Instead of watching on the shores,
they put their horses in their sledges
and drove off to Scandinavia [Skénland]. 

6 [094/06]
MEN THAHWILA THÉR ALREK IN NOCHT BÁJADE
WAS VRRÉD LÁND. MITH HORSUM AND RIDDERUM
[O-S p.131]
Maar, terwijl daar iedereen zich in
vreugde [genot] baadde,
was verraad geland met paarden en ruiters
But while every one was intoxicated with pleasure,
treachery had landed with its horses and riders.


7 [094/26]
THÁ THJU LONGE SKÀRE UT SJOCHT WÉRE
KÉMER EN HLOTH MÁGJARA RIDDERUM
LIN.RJUCHT TO RINNANDE VP ADELA.S HÉM

[O-S p.131]
Toen de lange schare uit het gezicht was,
kwam een troep Magyaarsche ruiters
lijnrecht aanrennen op Adelas erf.
When the procession was out of sight,
a troop [lot] of Magyar soldiers [riders]
rushed up [came running 'line-right'] to Adela's house [home].


8 [095/10]
SJUGUN JRTH.FÉT WÉRE HJU LONG
ÀND HJRA GÉRT SÁ FÉLO.
THRÍJA SWIKTE HJA THAM OR HJRA HOLE
ÀND AS ER DEL KÉM
WÉR EN RIDDER GÀRS.FALLICH.

[O-S p.133]
zeven aardvoet was zij lang,
en haar zwaard even zoo lang,
dit zwaaide zij driemaal over haar hoofd
en toen het nederkwam
beet een ridder in het gras [werd een ruiter 'grasvallig'].
She was seven feet high [long; tall],
and her sword was the same length.
She waved it three times over her head,
and each time [as is came down]
a knight bit the earth [a rider were 'grasfalling'].


9 [115/14]
ÉVIN SA THET WILDE HORS SINA MÀNNA SKED.
NÉI THÀT HETH SINA RIDDER GERS.FALLICH MÁKAD HETH.
ÉVIN SÁ SKEDDE JRTHA HJRA WALDA ÀND BERGA.

[O-S p.159]
Even als het wilde ros zijne manen schudt,
nadat het zijn berijder in het gras geworpen [:grasvallig gemaakt] heeft,
even zoo schudde Irtha hare wouden en bergen.
As a wild horse tosses his mane
after he has thrown his rider [made his rider 'grasfalling'],
so Irtha shook her forests [woods] and her mountains.


10 [148/10]
NÉIDAM WY SELVA NÉNE SKÉPA NAVT N.ÉDE.
JÉF IK HJAM FLINGKA HORSA
ÀND FJVWER WÉPENDE RIN.BODON MITH

[O-S p.201]
Nadien wij zelve geene schepen hadden,
gaf ik hun flinke paarden
en vier gewapende renboden mede
As we had no ships,
I gave them active horses
and four armed [run-] couriers


11 [150/25]
HI HÉDE FON FRISO MITH KRÉJEN SJUGON HORSA.
BUTA SIN ÀJN.
TO LÉDEN MITH KESTLIKA SÉKUM.
THRVCH THA SÉ.KÀMPAR RÁWED.
BI JAHWEDER HORS WÉRON TWÉN JONGA SÉ.KÀMPAR
ÀND TWÉN JONGA HRUTAR MITH RIKA KLÁDARUM KLÁTH
ÀND JELD IN HJARA BUDAR.

[O-S p.205]
Hij had van Friso medegekregen zeven paarden,
behalve zijn eigen,
beladen met kostbare zaken
door de zeekampers geroofd.
Bij ieder paard waren twee jonge zeekampers
en twee jonge ruiters met rijke kleederen gekleed,
en met geld in hunne buidels.
Friso gave him to take seven horses,
besides his own,
laden with precious things
stolen by the sea-rovers.
With each horse there were two young sea-rovers
and two young horsemen, clad in rich garments,
and with money in their purses.


12 [157/09]
HJA SIND AL HRUTAR ÀND RÁWAR
[O-S p.213]
Zij zijn allen ruiters en roovers.
They are all horsemen [riders] and robbers.

13 [165/11]
THISA MINSKA SIND WÉRENTLIK ÍRA BONAR.
THÉR AMMER MITH HJARA HORSA VP OVERA FJELDA DWÁLA.
THÉR AMMER JÁGJA ÀND RÁWA
ÀND THÉR HJARA SELVA ALS SALT.ÁTHA
FORHÉRA ANTHA OMHÉMMANDE FORSTA

[O-S p.223]
Deze menschen zijn wezenlijk wilde moordenaren,
die altijd met hunne paarden over de velden dwalen,
die altijd jagen en rooven,
en die zich als soldaten
verhuren aan de omwonende vorsten
These people are really savage murderers,
who always wander about the country on horseback [with their horses]
hunting and robbing,
and hire themselves as soldiers
to the surrounding princes

SKADA and SKANDA

This was posted on the UM forum, last april:


Posted 13 April 2013 - 09:00 PM
A study of various words that might be etymologically related (some more obviously, others less).

Posted Image

SKÁM, SKÔM

shame - english
schamen - dutch
schämen - german
skamme - danish, norwegian
skämmas - swedish
skammast sín - icelandic

[037/12]
THA MUSKA FOLGATH THENE SÉJAR.
THA FOLKA HJARA GODA FORSTA.
THÉRVMBE ACHSTV TO BIJINNANDE
MITH THIN SELVA ALSA RÉN TO MÁKJANDE
THAT.STV THINNA BLIKKA IN ÀND UTWARD MÉI RJUCHTA
SVNDER SKÁMRÁD TO WERTHANDE TO FARA THIN AJN MOD.
[O-S p.55]
De musschen volgen den zaaijer,
de volken hunne goede vorsten,
daarom betaamt het u te beginnen
met u zelven alzoo rein te maken,
dat gij uwe blikken naar binnen en naar buiten moogt richten
zonder schaamrood te worden voor uw eigen gemoed.
The sparrows follow the sower,
and the people their good princes,
therefore it becomes you to begin
by rendering yourselves pure,
so that you may look within and without,
and not be ashamed [:shame-red] of your own conduct.

[106/08]
SKÁM.RÁD WÀRTH THEN MÀN
ÀN HI DRUPTE STOLKES HINNE
[O-S p.145]
De man werd
 schaamrood [werd de man]
en [hij] droop stil af.
The man blushed for shame [shame-red wereth the man],
and slunk away [silently].

[136/15]
VMB SKÔM TO VNKVMA
MOSTEN HJA HJARA ÀJEN BLOD VNKVMA
[O-S p.185]
Om de schaamte te ontkomen
moesten zij hun eigen bloed verzaken.
In order to hide the shame
they were obliged to renounce their own blood.
[to 'uncome' shame, they musted 'uncome' their own blood]

[137/01]
MITH DROVENESE IN VRDELVEN
OVERA FALXE SKÔM SINRA ALDRUM
GVNGER OMME DWÁLA
[O-S p.187]
Met droefenis overstelpt
over de valsche schaamte zijner ouders
ging hij omdwalen.
Overcome with sorrow
at the false shame of his parents,
he wandered about.

[137/08]
ALOMME HWÉR ER FORTH HINNE TÁCH
LÉRDI AN THA LJUDA
THÀT HJA NÉNE RIKA NER PRESTERA TOLÉTA MOSTON.
THÀT HJA HJARA SELVA HODE MOSTON
ÀJEN FALXE SKÔM.
THER ALLERWÉIKES KVAD DVAT AN THA LJAVDE.
[O-S p.187]
Alom waar hij voorts henen trok,
leerde hij aan de menschen
dat zij noch rijken noch priesters moesten toelaten;
dat zij zich moesten hoeden
tegen de valsche schaamte,
die allerwegen kwaad doet aan de liefde.
Wherever he went
he taught the people
not to tolerate rich men or priests,
and that they must guard themselves
against false shame,
which everywhere did harm to love and charity.

- - -

SKANTHA, SKÔNDA

shame - english
schande - dutch, german
skam - danish, swedish, norwegian
skömm - icelandic

[010/06]
SVNDER FRYDOM SEND ALLE OTHERA DÜGEDON.
ALLÉNA GOD VMBE JO TO SLÁVONA TO MÁKJANDE.
JVWE OFKVMSTE TO ÉVGE SKANTHA
[O-S p.17]
zonder vrijheid zijn alle andere deugden
alleen goed om u tot slaven te maken,
uwe afkomst tot eene eeuwige schande
Without liberty [freedom] all other virtues
serve [are only good] to make you slaves,
and to disgrace [eternal shame of] your origin.

[078/27]
NÉIDAM RIKDOM BY THÀT VRBRUDE
ÀND VRBASTERDE SLACHT FÉR BOPPA DÜGED ÀND ÉRE JELDE.
SACH MÀN ALTOMET KNÁPA
THAM HJARA SELVA MITH RUMA RIKA KLÁTAR SÍRADON.
HJARA ALDRUM ÀND FÁMNA TO SKÔNDA
ÀND HJARA KUNNA TO SPOT.
[O-S p.109]
Naardien rijkdom bij het verwende
en verbasterde geslacht ver boven deugd en eere gold,
zag men altemet knapen,
die zich met wijde prachtige kleederen versierden,
hunne ouders en de maagden tot schande
en hunne sekse ten spot.
Because riches were more valued
by this lost and degenerate race than virtue or honour,
one sometimes saw boys
dressed in splendid flowing robes,
to the disgrace of their parents and maidens,
and to the shame of their own sex.

- - -

SKÀDA, SKÁDA
(note: in German "schade" is also used as in English: "what a shame!")

(noun: damage)
schade - dutch
schaden - german
skade - danish, norwegian
skador - swedish
skaði - icelandic

[020/04]
TILTHJU THA ÀFTER.KVMANDE NÉN SKÀDA NAVT NE LYDA NE MVGE
[O-S p.31]
opdat de nakomelingen geene schade lijden mogen
so that posterity shall find it uninjured [shall suffer no damage]

[033/13]
DÁHWILA WI TO DVANDE SEND EKKORUM TO SKÁDANE
[O-S p.49]
Terwijl wij bezig zijn elkander te schaden,
while you [we] are injuring each other [doing each other damage]

[060/08]
VSA AJN SÉ.KÀMPAR TO SKÁDNE
[O-S p.85]
tot schade van
 onze eigene zeelieden [tot schade]
to the loss [damage] of our [own] seafaring people

[099/05]
THÉRVMBE KÀN HJU WEL THA MÀNNISKA SKÁDA.
WR.ALDA NIMMER
[O-S p.137]
Daarom kan zij wel de menschen schaden,
maar Wralda nimmer.
therefore they may well be injurious to [damage] men,
but never to Wr-alda

[101/14]
ALLÉNA THÉRVMBE THÀT HJA.RA NAVT SKÁDA NE SKOLDE
[O-S p.141]
alleen opdat zij hun niet schaden zouden
[only] in order to save themselves [that they would not damage them]

[124/10]
SÉKUR SKOLDE VS THÀT NÉN SKÁDA NAVT DVA
[O-S p.171]
[zeker]
dat
 zoude ons [dat]
voorzeker
 geen schade doen
that surely could do us no harm

[135/02] !!! significant correction
ELLA MOSTE THJANJA
VMBE THA FORSTA ÀND PRESTERA JETA RIKER ÀND WELDIGER TO MÁKJANE
HJARA SELVA TO SÀDENE [:SKÀDENE]
[O-S p.183]
alles moest dienen,
om de vorsten en priesteren nog rijker en geweldiger te maken,
om zich te verzadigen
 [zichzelf tot schade].
everything must [had to] serve
to enrich and make more powerful the priests and the princes,
and to satisfy them [while damaging themselves].

[159/29]
ÉVEN BLÍD BRENGTH TÍD THA SKÁDLIKA KRUDA AN.T LJUCHT
[O-S p.217]
even gemakkelijk brengt de tijd de schadelijke kruiden aan het licht
so time brings to light the evil seed [damaging herbs]

- - -

SKÀNTHA, SKÀNDA (to damage, rape)

schenden, beschadigen - dutch
schaden - german
skade - danish, norwegian
skador - swedish

[026/22]
SA HWERSA THÉR ÉNMAN IS.
THÉR.MÉTA ÀRG THAT HI VSA SWETSAR BIRAWATH.
MORTH.DEDUN DVAT. HUSA BARNTH.
MAN.GÉRTHA SKÀNTH
HOK THÀT.ET SY. THÀT ÀRG SY.
[O-S p.39]
Zoo wanneer daar een man is
dermate boos, dat hij onze naburen berooft,
doodslagen pleegt, huizen in brand steekt,
maagden schendt,
wat het ook zij dat boos is,
If [there is] any one
should be so [as] wicked as to commit robbery [rob our neighbors],
[does] murder, arson [burns houses],
rape[-s girls],
or any other crime [whatever it is, that is bad],

[033/15]
KVMTH.ET NIDIGE FOLK FINDA.S
MITH HJARA FALSKA PRESTERUM
JVW HÁWA TO RÁWANDE
JVWA TOGHATERA TO SKÀNDANE.
JVWA SÉDA TO VRDVA
ÀND TO THA LESTA KLÀPPATH HJA SLÁVONA.BANDA
OM JAHWELIKES FRYA HALS
[O-S p.49]
komt het nijdige volk Findas
met zijne valsche priesteren
om uwe have te rooven,
uwe dochteren te schenden,
uwe zeden te verderven,
en ten laatste sluiten zij slavenbanden
om een ieders vrijen hals.
the spiteful Finda's people
with their false priests
come and attack your ports [steal your goods],
ravish your daughters,
corrupt your morals,
and at last throw the bonds of slavery
over every freeman's neck.

[073/21]
ÉN SALT.ÁTHE HÉDE AL EN BUKJA SKÀND
[O-S p.103]
Een soldaat had reeds een meisje geschonden
one [soldier] had already ravished a girl

= = =

possibly related (???) :

SKÁDE

shadow, shade - english
skaad - frisian
schaduw - dutch
schatten - german
skygge - danish, norwegian
skugga, skadda - swedish
skuggi - icelandic
skodde (mist, fog) - norwegian
sceadu - old-english
scāth - old-irish
skado, scato - old-saxon, old-highgerman
skótos (darkness) - greek

[138/18]
VRAL HWÉRER GVNG
FOLGADON HIM SINA LÉTHA
LIK SINE SKÁDE NÉI
[O-S p.189]
overal waar hij ging
volgden hem zijne vijanden
als zijne schaduw
wherever he went [...]
his enemies followed him
like his shadow