Learn to read the OLB ~ reading exercises

Oera Linda reading exercises, by theme, as posted on the Unexplained Mysteries forum.

[xxx/yy] - x = OLB original manuscript page number, y = line
[O+S] = page in both Ottema (Dutch) and Sandbach (English) translation (1876)

With some corrections or suggested improvements and notes added.

1. ROME, THAT IS RUM

1. [010/28]
THA TO THA LESTA SPRÀK TONGAR UT.A WOLKA ÀND BLIXEN SKRÉF AN.THÀT LOFT.RVM.. WÁK.
[O+S p.19]
Toen ten laatste sprak donder uit de wolken en bliksem schreef aan het luchtruim: waak!
then at length [last] thunder burst [spoke] from the clouds, and the lightning wrote upon the firmament [airspace] "Watch [wake]!"

2. [048/20]
THÁ VS LÁND SÁ RUM ÀND GRÁT WÉRE HÉDON WI FÉLO ASONDERGANA NÁMON.
[O+S p.69]
Daar ons land zoo ruim en groot was, hadden wij vele afzonderlijke namen.
As our country [land] was so [spacious and] great and extensive, we had many different names.

3. [050/12]
BÀNDA FINDA.S FOLK KÉMON THA LÉTOGHA RUMTNE BIFÁRA.
[O+S p.71]
Benden Findas volk kwamen de ledige ruimten bezetten.
Troops of Finda's people came and settled in the empty places [spaces].

4. [053/32]
WÎND WAS RUM ÀND ALSA WÉRON HJA AN EN ÁMERÎNG TO SKÉN.LAND.
[O+S p.77]
De wind was ruim, en zoo waren zij in een ommezien in Schoonland.
The wind was fair [(plenty)], so they arrived immediately in Schoonland.

5. [069/16]
THACH THÁ HJA INNER HAVE HLIPON FONTH MÀN HJA NAVT RUM NOCH VMBE ALLE SKÉPA TO BISLÚTA
[O+S p.97]
Doch toen zij in de haven liepen, vond men die hier niet ruim genoeg om alle schepen te bevatten
[But] When they entered the harbour, there was not room for [to contain] all the ships,

6. [078/08]
NIMMÀN NE MACHT EN HUS TO BVWANDE THÀT RUMER ÀND RIKKER WÉRE AS THÀT SINRA NÉSTUM
[O+S p.109]
niemand mocht een huis bouwen, dat ruimer en rijker was als dat van zijn buurman
no one might build a house larger or better [more spacious and rich] than [that of] his neighbours

7. [093/09]
HJU SÉIDINI THÀT SAHWERSA HI ADELA VPRUMA KOSTE
[O+S p.129]
zij zeide hem dat, bijaldien hij Adela uit den weg [op]ruimen konde
she told him that if he could get Adela out of the way [(if he could 'space her up')]

8. [101/06]
ALDAM BIDRÍWATH HJA MITH EN RUM EMOD ( * )
[O+S p.139]
Dat alles bedrijven zij met een ruim gemoed
They do all this with an easy [('spacious')]conscience
( * ) Note: origin “emotion” (Dutch: “emotie“)

9. [199/20]
THÁ THA TRÔJANA TO THA HÉINDA KRÉKALANDUM NEST.LED WÉRON
THÁ HÀVON HJA THÉR MITH TID ÀND FLIT ÉNE STERKE STÉD MITH WÁLLA ÀND BURGUM BVWED
ROME THAT IS RUM HÉTEN.
[O+S p.239]
Toen de Trojanen in de heinde Krekalanden genesteld waren,
toen hebben zij daar met tijd en vlijt eene sterke stad met wallen en burgten gebouwd,
Rome, dat is Ruim, geheeten.
When the Trojans had nestled themselves among the near Krekalanders,
with time and industry they built a strong town with walls and citadels
named Rome, that is, Spacious.

10. [206/30]
THÁ ÁSKAR MÉNDE THÀT.ER THA HÔNDA RUM HÉDE
[O+S p.249]
Toen Askar meende dat hij de handen ruim had
When Askar thought he had his hands free [('spacious')]

######

2. OERA SKELDA ~ Over the Scheldt

1. [062/14]
OVERA SKELDA ETÉRE FLÍ.BURCH SAT SÍRHÉD
[O+S p.87]
Over de Schelde op de Flyburgt, zat Sijrhed
On the other side of the Scheldt, at Flyburgt, Sijrhed presided

2. [066/11,28; 067/04]
THÁ STRÁMADA THÀT ORA SKELDE FOLK TO HÁPA
(...)
HELP.RIK THENE HÉR.MAN LÉT.IM INBANNA.
MEN THA HWILA ALLE WÉRAR JETA O.RA SKELDA WÉRON.
FOR JON TO BEK. NÉI.T.FLY.MAR ÀND FORTH WITHER NÉI VSA ÀLANDUM
(...)
HI DÉDE RJUCHT. HWAND AL VSA ÀLANDAR
ÀND ALLE.T O.RA SKELDA FOLK THÉR FJUCHTEN HÉDON
WRDON NÉI BRITTANJA BROCHT
[O+S p.93]
Toen stroomde het andere [over-de-]Schelda volk te hoop
(...)
Helprijk, de heerman, liet hem indagen,
maar terwijl alle soldaten nog aan de overzijde van de Schelde waren,
voer Jon terug naar het Flymeer en terstond daarna [weer] naar onze eilanden
(...)
Hij deed terecht, want al onze eilanders
en al het andere [over-de-]Schelde volk, die gevochten hadden,
werden naar Brittanje gebracht
Then the other [over-the-]Schelda people poured out towards her
(...)
Helprik, the chief, summoned him to appear;
but while all the soldiers were on the other side of the Scheldt,
Jon sailed back to the Flymeer, and then straight [again] to our islands
(...)
He did well, for all our islanders,
and [all] the other [over-the-]Scheldt people who had been fighting
were transported [brought] to Britain

3. [204/19]
SÁ SKOLDE HJRA KÉNING ÁSKAR OVERA SKELDA GVNGGA ÀND THÉR THÀT LAND OFWINNA
[O+S p.245]
dan zoude haar koning Askar over de Schelde gaan en daar het land afwinnen
then her King Askar would go over the Scheldt and win back the land

4. [210/07]
ÁSKAR THÉR MÉNDE THÀT ALLES GOD GVNG. LANDE MITH SINA SKÉPA ANNA THA ÔRE SÍDE THÉRE SKELDA
[O+S p.253]
Askar, die meende, dat alles goed ging, landde met zijne schepen aan de overkant der Schelde
Askar, who thought that all was going on well, landed with his ships on the other side of the Scheldt

######

3. WITKING and SEAKING

1. [027/25] ÉWA FARA STJURAR (Laws for the navigators)
4. JEF MÀN VPPE RÉIS BIFINTH THÀT THENE KÉNING ÀRG JEFTA VNBIKVMMEN IS.
SÁ MÜGON HJA EN ÔRA NIMMA.
KVMON HJA TO BÀK SÁ MÉI THENE KÉNING HIM SELF BIKLAGJA BY THA ÔLDERMÔN.
5. KVMTH THÉR FLÁTE TO HONK ÀND SIN THÉR BÁTA.
SÁ MOTON THA STJURAR THÉR.OF EN THRIMENE HÀVA.
ALTHUS TO DÉLANDE.
THI WITKÉNING TWILF MÔNIS DÉLA. (...)
[O+S p.41]
4. Als men op reis bevindt, dat de koning slecht of onbekwaam is,
dan mogen zij een ander nemen.
Komen zij weer thuis, dan mag de koning zich beklagen bij den olderman.
5. Komt de vloot weder thuis, en zijn er baten,
dan moeten de zeelieden daarvan een derde deel hebben,
aldus te deelen.
De witkoning twaalf mansdeelen, (...)
4. If during a voyage it is found that the king is bad or incompetent,
another may be put in his place,
and on the return home he may make his complaint to the Olderman.
5. If the fleet returns with profits,
the sailors may divide one-third among themselves
in the following manner:
The [wet]king twelve portions, (...)

2. [045/17] INUT THA WAGAR THÉRE WARABURGH (on the walls of the Waraburch)
THER WITKÉNING. THÀT IS SÉKÉNING. GODFRÉIATH THENE ALDA. (...)
[O+S p.65]
De Witkoning d[at]. i[is]. Zeekoning Godfried, de oude, (...)
The Witkoning — that is, the Sea-King Godfried the Old — (...)

3. [074/16] OVER THA GÉRTMANNA (about the Gertmanna)
THI WÉT.KING THÉRA THYRJAR BROCH ALGADUR THRUCH THA STRÉTE
THÉR VNDER THISSE TIDA VPPA THA RÁDE SÉ UT HLIP
[O+S p.105]
De zeekoning der Thyriers bracht allen te zamen door de straat,
die in deze tijden op de Roode zee uitliep
The sea-king of the Tyrians brought them altogether through the strait
which at that time ran into the Red Sea

4. [110/29] APOL.LÁNJA (Apollanja)
THA SKILDA THÉR WITKING ÀND THÉRA SKOLTA BI THA NACHTUM WÉRON MITH GOLD OMBORAD.
[O+S p.153]
De schilden van den zeekoning en den schout bij nacht waren met goud omboord.
The shields of the sea-king and the admiral were bordered with gold.

5. [005/10,23,27] GRÉVET.MANNA (reeves)
APOL. ADELAS MAN. THRIA IS.ER SÉ.KENING WÉSEN (...)
E.NOCH (...) NJVGUN MEL IS.ER TO SÉKENING KÉREN (...)
FOPPO (...) FIF MEL IS.ER SÉKENING WÉSEN
[O+S p.11]
Apol, Adelas man, driewerf is hij zeekoning geweest (...)
Enoch (...) negenmaal is hij tot zeekoning gekozen (...)
Foppe (...) vijf maal is hij zeekoning geweest
Apol, Adela's husband; three times a sea-king (...)
Enoch (...) He was chosen nine times for sea-king (...)
Foppe (...) He was five times sea-king.

6. [016/12] BURGUM-ÉWA (burg-laws)
FON THA SÉ.KENINGGAR THENE KUNSTA THÉR BI THÀT BUTE.FÁRA NÉTHLIK SEND
[O+S p.27]
van de zeekoningen de kundigheden die bij het buitenvaren noodig zijn.
from the sea-kings the skill[-s] required for distant voyages

7. [029/14] SKRIFTUM MINNO.S (Minno's writings)
MINNO WAS EN ALDE SÉKÉNING
[O+S p.43]
Minno was een oude zeekoning
Minno was an ancient [old] sea-king

8. [053/15,27] SKÉDNESE FON WODIN (history of Wodin)
ANDA ALDER.GÁ.MVDE THÉR RESTE EN ALDE SÉ.KÀNING.
STERIK WAS SIN NÔME (...)
THA SÉ.KÀMPAR KÉRON TÜNIS TO.RA SÉ.KÀNING
[O+S p.75]
Aan de Aldergamude daar ruste een oude zeekoning,
Sterik was zijn naam (...)
en de zeekampers kozen Teunis tot hun zeekoning
At Aldergamude there lived an old sea-king
whose name was Sterik (...)
the naval force chose Teunis for their sea-king

9. [065/20] SKÉDNESSE FON JON (history of Jon)
JON THÀT IS JÉVA. WAS SÉ.KÀNING. BERN TO.T.ALDER.GÁ
[O+S p.91]
Jon, dat is gegeven, was zeekoning, geboren te Alderga
Jon —that is, “Given”— was a sea-king, born at Alberga [Alderga]

10. [122/08] DÉI.BOK LJUD.GÉRT (Ljudgert's diary)
NW WILDER SELVA SÉ.KÉNING WERTHA.
ÀND MITH ÉL SIN HÉR THJU GONGGA VPFÁRA
[O+S p.167]
Nu wilde hij zelf zeekoning worden,
en met zijn geheele heir den Ganges opvaren
Now he would himself [wanted to] become a sea-king [himself],
and sail with his whole army up the Ganges

######

4. BRAIN

1. [005/04] ADELAS RÉD (Adela's advise)
MEM (sic) SKIL.ET STANDFÀST KVMA
AN DET BRYN ÀND AN DÀT HIRTA.
THÀN MOTON ALLE LÉRINGA OVERA WÉRA JVWERA WIVA
ÀND TOGHATERA THÉR.IN STRÁMA.
[O+S p.11]
Maar zal het standhoudend komen
in het brein en in het hart,
dan moeten alle leeringen over de lippen uwer vrouwen
en dochteren daarin vloeijen.
and if you wish to impress it
on the brains and the hearts ( * ) of your sons,
you must let it flow through the lips of your wives
and your daughters
( * brains and hearts should actually be singular)

2. [014/04] TEX. FRYA.S (Frya's Tex)
THÀT LJUCHT THÉRA. SKIL THÀN ÉVG JVWE BRYN VPKLARJA
[O+S p.23]
Het licht daarvan zal dan eeuwig uw brein verlichten [opklaren]
[then] its brightness [light] shall always illuminate [clear up] your intellect [brain]

3. [073/07] OVER THA GÉRTMANNA (about the Gertmanna)
HEL FON ÁGNUM. KLÁR FON BRYN ÀND LICHT FON GÁST
[O+S p.103]
helder van oogen, klaar van brein, en verlicht van geest
bright of eye, clear of brain, and enlightened of mind ( * )
( * light of ghost or spirit?)

4. [100/07] FORM.LÉR ~ OTHERA DÉL (primal teachings; 2nd part)
THET HJARA GÁST THET BESTE DÉL IS FON WR.ALDA.S GÁST
ÀND THET WR.ALDA ALLÉNA MÉI THÀNKJA THRVCH HELPE HJAR.IS BRYN
[O+S p.139]
dat hun geest het beste deel is van Wralda’s geest,
en dat Wralda alleen kan denken door hulp van hun brein
that their spirit is the best part of Wr-alda' s spirit,
and that Wr-alda can only think by the help of their brains

5. [103/13] FORM.LÉR ~ OTHERA DÉL (primal teachings; 2nd part)
THA WR.ALDA VS SKOP HETH ER VS IN THRVCH SINE WISHÉD.
BRYN. SINTÚGA. HÜGJA ÀND FÉLO GODA AINSKIPA LÉNAD
[O+S p.143]
Toen Wralda ons schiep, heeft hij ons in zijne wijsheid,
brein, zintuigen, geheugen en vele goede eigenschappen geleend
When Wr-alda created us, he lent us [through] his wisdom,
brains, organs [senses], memory, and many other good qualities

6. [162/11] GOSA.S RÉD (Gosa's advise)
IN HJARA BRÉIN SKILET THÀN BIJINA TO GLIMMANDE ÀND TO GLORANDE
TILTHJU ELLA TO.NE LOGHA ( * ) WARTH
[O+S p.219]
in hun brein zal het dan beginnen te glimmen en te gloren
tot dat alles tot eene vlam wordt
and glimmer and glitter in their brains [it will begin to glimmer and glore?]
to a perfect light [till all will become a flame]
( * LOGHA ==>> logic?!)

######

5. The number three ...[

Spelling of "three"-related words in OLB
(Note the many different spellings, sometimes even on one page.)

THRJA - 13X
THRIA - 2X
THRÍJA/ THRIJA - 10X
THRJU/ THRJV - 15X
THRÉ - 20X
THRI/ THRÍ - 4X

[Hid/17] THRJA THÚSOND (3000)
[Lik/24] THRJU JÈR (3 year)
[001/02] THRITTICH JÉR (30)
[001/14] THRJV ETMELDA (3x 24 hours)
[001/17] THRJV JÉR (3 year)
[005/10] THRJA IS.ER (3X he is)
[006/19] THRJA MANGÉRTA (3 girls)
[011/27] THRJU WARA (3X)
[016/01] THRIM FON ELIK SJVGUN (3/7)
[016/07] THRÉ HVNDRED (300)
[016/24] THRJA SJVGUN (3X7)
[016/25] THRIA TWILIF (3X12)
[016/27] THRÉ BODON (3 messengers)
[017/23] THRÉ BODON ( ,, )
[017/24] THRJA SJVGUN (3X7)
[020/22] THRJA DÉGAN (3 days)
[022/05] THRÉ JÉR (3 year)
[022/19] THRÉ JÉR ( ,, )
[023/31] THRÉ BURCH.HÉRA (3 burgers)
[028/04] THRÉ DÉLA (3 parts)
[040/11] THRÉ WÉTA (3 laws or 'wits')
[042/05] THRJA VRIELDA (3X pay for it)
[044/08] THRÉ MANNISKA (3 people)
[050/07] THRJU JÉR (3 year)
[050/24] THRI PÉLA (3 poles)
[052/30] THRI PÉLUN ( ,, )
[053/18] THRÉ NÉVA (3 cousins or nephews)
[054/04] THRI WIGA (3 parts (of an army))
[058/23] THRJU ÉLANDA (3 islands)
[068/20] THRJU SKÉPA (3 ships)
[073/14] THRJU.HVNDRED SKIPUN (300)
[074/07] THRÉ MONATHA (3 months)
[074/12] THRITICH SKÉPUN (30 ships)
[075/13] THRJU SKÉPA (3 ships)
[090/01] TWÍJA THRITICH DÉGA (2X30 days)
[090/24] THRITICH JÉR (30 years)
[095/11] THRÍJA SWIKTE HJA (3X she ...?)
[096/15] HÁCHSTENS THRIA (max. 3)
[096/26] THRJU BERN (3 born = children)
[097/04] THRÉ SKIP.LJUDA (3 ship-people)
[106/15] THRIJA THRITTICH FÉT (3X30)
[106/19] THRIJA HONDRED BRÉD (300 broad = wide)
[106/19] THRIJA SJVGUN FÉT (3X7 feet)
[106/24] THRIJA SJVGUN FÉT ( ,, )
[106/25] THRIJA TWILIF FÉT (3X12 feet)
[106/32] THRJU HUSA (3 houses)
[107/10] VPPA ÔRA THRJA (up the other 3)
[107/20] THRIJA HVNDRED (300)
[107/23] THRIJA TWILIF (3X12)
[107/28] THRJU.HERNICH ('3-horny'; triangular)
[108/09] THRJA STUNDA (3 hours)
[108/16] THRJU JÉR (3 year)
[108/30] THRÉ GRÉVA BURCH.HÉRA (3 important burgers)
[108/31] THRÉ ALDA FÁMNA (3 old (= former) Fams)
[115/04] THRJU JÉR LÉTTER (3 years later)
[116/26] THRITTICH SALTA MARA (30 salt lakes or mares)
[123/19] THRJA DÉGA (3 days)
[123/29] ÉN ÀND THRITICH DÉGA (31 days)
[124/14] THRJA MÔNATHA (3 months)
[129/25] THRITTICH SKÉPUN (30 ships)
[130/17] THRJA MÔNATHA (3 months)
[130/19] THRJA DÉGA (3 days)
[133/17] 63 JÉR (63 year)
[133/32] THRJU THOGHATERA (3 daughters)
[134/05] THRJU BOKA (3 books)
[142/22] THRJU WORDA (3 words)
[143/32] THRÉ PÉLA (3 poles)
[144/01] THRÉ PÉLA ( ,,)
[144/02] THRÉ PÉLA ( ,,)
[148/01] THRÍ SKÉ(PA) (3 ships)
[157/27] THRÉ MÔNATHA (3 months)
[168/06] THRÉ WÁRA GRÁTER (3X bigger)
[192/30] THRÉ.THÜSAND JÉR (3000 year)
[202/24] THRIM FÁMNA (3 Fams)
[209/27] THRIJA SIUGUN ETMELDE (3X7 x 24 hours)
[209/32] THRIJA SJVGUN (3X7)

... and Druids

[060/23] ca. 2000 BC
THA GOLA. ALSA HÉTON. THA SÀNDALINGA.PRESTERA SÍDON.IS.
THA GOLA HÉDON WEL SJAN THET ET LAND THÉR SKÀRES BIFOLKAD WAS
ÀND FÉR FON THÉR MODER WÉRE.
VMB IRA SELVA NW EN GODE SKIN TO JÉVANE.
LÉTON HJA RA SELVA IN VSA TÁL AN.A.TROW E.WÍDENA HÉTA.
MEN THAT WÉRE BÉTRE WÉST.
AS HJA RA SELVA FON THÉRE TROW E.WENDENA NÔMATH HÉDE.
JEFTA KIRT WÉI TRJV.WENDNE
LIK VSA STJURAR LÉTER DÉN HÀVE.
[O+S p.85]
De Golen, zoo heetten de zendeling-priesters van Sydon,
hadden wel gezien dat het land daar schaars bevolkt was
en ver van de Moeder was.
Om nu zich zelven een goeden schijn te geven,
lieten zij zich zelve in onze taal aan de trouw gewijden heeten,
maar dat was beter geweest,
als zij zich zelve van de trouw gewenden genoemd hadden
of kort weg Triuwenden,
gelijk onze zeelieden later gedaan hebben.
The Golen, as the missionary priests of Sidon were called,
had observed that the land there was thinly peopled,
and was far from the mother.
In order to make a favourable impression,
they had themselves called in our language followers of the truth;
but they had better
have been called abstainers from the truth,
or, in short, "Triuwenden,"
as our seafaring people afterwards called them.

######

6.Some etymologies, synonyms and explanations in the OLB: "X = Y"

The Oera-Lindas or Over-de-Lindens who assembled the manuscript, had access to information that was under threat of getting lost. They sometimes knew the (original) meaning of words and they knew that if they would not copy or add this information, future generations would no longer understand all of the text.

I have made a list of examples where this sort of information is given in the common construction "..., that is ..." (or: "X = Y").

By doing this I discovered that much of this information was lost in translation, specially in the English version by Sandbach. (This was a translation not straight from the original, but from Ottema's Dutch translation.)

In fragment nrs. 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 14, 16 and 17a below, Sandbach has completely ignored the "X = Y" construction!

This is one of the reasons why it's so much more interesting to read the original.

I even dare say that it's impossible to really understand the true value of the OLB by only reading a translation.

1. [Hidde/16]
NÉI ÁTLAND SVNKEN IS.
THÀT THRJA THÚSOND.FJVWER HVNDRED ÀND NJUGON ÀND FJVWERTIGOSTE JÉR.
THÀT IS NEI KERSTEN RÉKNONG
THAT TVELF.HVNDRED.SEX ÀND FIFTIGOSTE JÉR
[O+S p.3]
nadat Atland verzonken is,
het drie duizend vier honderd negen en veertigste jaar,
dat is naar de Christen-rekening
het twaalf honderd zes en vijftigste jaar
the three thousand four hundred and forty-ninth year
after Atland was submerged—
that is, according to the Christian reckoning,
the year 1256

2. [005/16]
TO HÉRTOGA. THÀT IS. TO HYR.MAN
[O+S p.11]
tot hertog dat is tot heerman
as duke or heerman

3. [014/10]
EN ÉW. THÀT IS HVNDRED JÉR
[O+S p.23]
eene eeuw, dat is honderd jaren
a century, that is, a hundred years

4. [017/15]
THA LÉTSA. THÀT IS THÉNE HÉLENER
[O+S p.27]
den leetse, dat is den heelmeester
[by the létsa, that is] the surgeon

5. [019/12]
É. THÀT IS WÉTER
[O+S p.31]
ee, dat is water
sea [é, that is water]

6. [023/24]
ET GULDNETAL. THÀT IS THÀT MIDDELTAL FON ALLE BISLUTA ETSÉMNE
[O+S p.37]
het guldengetal, dat is het middengetal van alle besluiten te zamen
(...) [the 'golden count', that is the average of all decisions together]

7. [036/01]
THENE KRODER. THÀT IS TID
[O+S p.53]
de Kroder, dat is de Tijd
the carrier, that is, Time

8. [045/10]
THÀT JOL. THÀT IS THÀT FORMA SINNEBILD WR.ALDA.S
[O+S p.65]
het Juul, dat is het eerste zinnebeeld van Wralda
the Juul—that is, the first symbol of Wr-alda

9. [045/17]
THER WITKÉNING. THÀT IS SÉKÉNING
[O+S p.65]
Witkoning d.i. Zeekoning
Witkoning—that is, the Sea-king

10. [050/24]
THRI PÉLA THÀT IS EN HALF TY
[O+S p.73]
drie palen, dat is een halftij
(...) [three poles, that is half a tide]

11. [061/15]
PHONISIA. THAT IS PALM.LAND
[O+S p.87]
Phonisia, dat is Palmland
Phonisia, that is, Palmland

12. [065/20]
JON THÀT IS JÉVA
[O+S p.91]
Jon, dat is gegeven
Jon—that is, “Given”

13. [066/16]
RÔSA.MOND. THÀT IS RÔSA.MVDA
[O+S p.93]
Rosamund, dat is Rosamuda
Rosamond [that is Rosemouth]

14. [068/27]
LYDIA. THÀT IS. LYDAHIS.LAND
[O+S p.97]
Lydia (...), dat is Lydas land
Lybia [that is Lydas land]

15. [074/20]
PANG.AB. THAT IS IN VSA SPRÉKE. FIF WÉTERUM
[O+S p.105]
Pangab, dat is in onze spraak vijf wateren
Punjab, called in our language the Five Rivers

16. [098/30]
ÉVGE SETMA THET IS ÉWA
[O+S p.137]
eeuwige inzettingen [zeden?], dat is wetten [?]
eternal principles [that is ...?]

17. [126/13-18]
JOI (...) THÀT IS BLIDESKIP
FRO JEFTA FROW THÀT IS FRÜ
FRO.LIK. THÀT IS ÉLIK AN FRÜ
[O+S p.173]
joi (...), dat is blijdschap
fro of frow, dat is vreugde
frolik dat is aan vreugde gelijk
joi (...) [that is joy]
fro or frow, that is, vreugde [a different sort of joy...]
frolic; that is the same as vreugde

18. [136/13]
KASAMÍR. THET IS SJELDSUM
[O+S p.185]
Kasamyr, dat is, zeldzaam
Kasamyr that is “extraordinary” [or: rare]

19. [138/09]
FO. THÀT IS FALX
KRIS.EN. THÀT IS HERDER
[O+S p.187]
Fo, dat is valsch
Krishna [Krisen], dat is herder
Fo, that is, false
Krishna [Krisen], that is, shepherd

20. [150/05+22; 151/01]
WITTO. THAT IS WITTE
HETTO. THAT IS HÉTE
BRUNO. THÀT IS BRUNE
[O+S p.203-205]
Witto, dat is witte
Hetto, dat is heete
Bruno, dat is bruine
Witto, or Witte [white-one]
Hetto—that is, heat [hot-one]
Bruno that is, brown[-one]

21. [150/15]
VRESTE ALDERMÀN (...) THAT IS VRSTE GRÉVETMAN JEFTA GRÉVE
[O+S p.203]
opperste Olderman (...) dat is opperste Grevetman of Graaf
chief Alderman (...) that is, chief Grevetman or Count

22. [163/15]
PANG.AB. THAT IS FYF WÀTERA
[O+S p.221]
Pangab, dat is vijf wateren
Punjab, that is five rivers

23. [199/24]
ROME THAT IS RUM
[O+S p.239]
Rome, dat is Ruim
Rome, that is, Spacious

24. [200/17]
THA FONÍSJAR PRESTERA. THAT HÉTH. THA GOLA
[O+S p.241]
de Phoenicische priesters, dat is de Golen
the Phœnician priests, that is the Gauls

25. [200/22]
KÉRENÀK. THAT IS HERNE
KÉREN.HERNE JEFTHA KÉREN.ÀK
[O+S p.241]
Kerenak, dat is hoek
Keeren herne of Kerenak
Kerenac, that is the corner
Keeren Herne, or Kerenac

26. [209/11]
THJOTH.HIS SVNA THAT IS FOLK.HIS SVNA
[O+S p.251]
Thioth-his zonen dat is volkszonen
Thioth-his sons — that is, sons of the people [or folk]

######

7. "Tree", "Boom", "Baum"

The following list shows that the Fryans used two different words for our source of wood, the material that ships (and most houses) used to be built of (see fragment 13!).

What is fascinating, is that the one (TRE or THRE) is now used in England and Scandinavia - and NOT in Germany and the Netherlands, incl. Flanders, while the other (BAM or BOM) is used in Germany and the Netherlands ("Baum" resp. "boom") - and NOT in England and Scandinavia.

Fragments nr. 2 and 6 suggest that the original difference between the two words was that BAM/ BOM was a big (real) tree, while TRE/ THRE was more like a shrub, branch or twig, something more easily bendable.

Not surprisingly, the Linda or Linde (Tilia) tree is also mentioned (fragments 7, 8, 9 and 15).
To my disappointment, Sandbach has translated them into "lime-trees".

1. [006/15]
JRTHA BÀRDE ALLE GÀRSA KRÚDON ÀND BÔMA
[O+S p.13]
de aarde baarde alle gras[sen], kruiden en boomen
The earth bore grass[ses], herbs, and trees

2. [007/10+32]
EN STORE BÁM KVN HJU BÚGJA (...)
ÉNE THRÉ NE KV HJA NAVT NI BÚGJA
[O+S p.13-15]
Een sterken boom kon zij buigen (...)
een boom [tak] kon zij niet buigen
She could bend a large tree (...)
She could not bend a tree [shrub, branch or twig?]

3. [020/09]
THA THA BÁMA THÉRA NE MÉI NIMMAN NAVT FÀLLA
[O+S p.31]
Doch de boomen daarin zal niemand vellen
[but] No one shall fell trees [there]

4. [047/09]
ANDA BÁMA ÀND TRÉJON WAXTON FRÜGzDA ÁND NOCHTA
[O+S p.67]
Aan de boomen en heesters [?] groeiden vruchten en ooft [noten]
The trees and shrubs [?] produced various fruits [and nuts]

5. [085/26]
ÀND HILDON HJA SKUL AFTER THÀT LY THÉRA BÁMUN
[O+S p.119]
en hielden zich schuil achter de luwte der boomen
and kept themselves concealed in a sheltered place behind trees

6. [096/29]
THÉR HIPTH HJA NÉI.T KRÍL.WOD. GRIPT ELSNE TRÉON
[O+S p.135]
Daarop ijlt zij naar het Krijlwoud, grijpt elzentakken
Then she ran to the Krylwood and got some elder branches

7. [104/13]
HJU SOCHTE SKUL VNDERA WÁRANDE LINDA
[O+S p.143]
zij zocht eene schuilplaats onder de beschuttende lindeboom
She sought a hiding-place under the sheltering lime-trees [linda-tree]

8. [105/06]
WARANDA LINDA WITH THA SVNNE.STRÉLUM
[O+S p.145]
eene beschuttende linde tegen de zonnestralen
lime-trees [a protecting linda-tree] to protect us from the rays of the sun

9. [107/26]
LJUDGÁRDA. OMTUNAD THRVCH THET GRÁTE LINDA.WALD
[O+S p.149]
Liudgaarde omtuind door het groote Lindenwoud
Liudgaarde, enclosed by the great wood of [lindas] lime-trees

10. [107/30]
HWAND THÉR SEN FÉLO FÉRLANDESKA THRÉJA ÀND BLOMMEN
[O+S p.149]
Want daar zijn vele buitenlandsche boomen [?] en bloemen
for there are a great number of [many] foreign trees [?] and flowers

11. [109/27]
THA HUDA WRDAT THRVCH THA WIVA TOMAKAD
ÀND BIRHET MITH SKORS FON BERKUM
[O+S p.151]
De huiden worden door de vrouwen toegemaakt
en bereid met schors van berken
The skins are sewn together by the women,
and prepared with birch bark

12. [122/05]
HI HÉDE SINA SALT.ATHA BÁMA KAPJA LÉTA
[O+S p.167]
Hij had zijne soldaten boomen laten kappen en tot planken maken
He bad let his soldiers cut down trees and make planks

13. [148/14]
HWAND TO STÁVEREN ÀND ALLINGEN THÀT ALDER.GÁ
THÉR WRDON THA BESTA WÉRSKÉPA MAKED.
FON HERDE ÉKEN WOD THÉR NIMMERTHE NÉN ROT AN NE KVM
[O+S p.201]
Want te Staveren en langs het Alderga,
daar werden de beste oorlogschepen gemaakt
van hard eiken hout, daar nimmer verrotting in komt
because at Stavere, [and] along the Alberga,
the best ships of war were built
of hard oak which never rots

14. [166/19+32]
SNÁKA FON AF THA GRÁTE ÉNER WÍRME
ÔL TO THA GRÁTE ÉNER BÁM (...)
ÔL THISA DISKA SIND YVIN ALS THA SNÁKA
FON OF.NE WÍRME TIL.NE BÁMSTAME GRÁT
[O+S p.225]
slangen van de grootte van een worm
af [al] tot de grootte van een boom (...)
al deze disken zijn evenals de slangen
van een worm tot een boomstam groot
snakes from the size of a worm
to the size of a tree (...)
All these reptiles, like the snakes,
vary from the size of a worm to the trunk of a tree

15. [168/04]
BY VS SIND BÉI.BÁMA ALS JOW LINDA.BÁMA
[O+S p.227]
Bij ons zijn bessenboomen zoo groot als uwe lindeboomen
In my country we have [berry-]trees bearing berries, as large as your lime- [linda-]trees

######

8. Ambiguous "WOOD": timber, forest and fury???

The following shows how "wood" (in OLB: "WOD") was ambiguous and must have been the root of the name "WODIN".

In fragments 1 and 4, "WOD" refers to wood/ forest (Dutch: woud, German: Wald).

In fragments 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12, it means wood/ timber (Dutch: hout, German: Holtz).

In fragments 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8, the word WODIN or WODAN (that are most probably derived from WOD) refers to anger, rage or fury (Dutch: woede, German: Wut)

1. [049/09]
THÉR TO BOPPA HÉDON WI THA NÔMA. LAND.SÁTON MÁR.SATA ÀND HOLT JEFTA WOD.SÁTA
[O+S p.71]
Daarenboven [71]hadden wij de namen Landzaten, Marzaten en Hout- of Woudzaten
Besides these we had the names Landzaten (natives of the land), Marzaten (natives of the fens), and Woud or Hout zaten (natives of the woods)

2. [074/06]
BIFIRA SÉKROPS WODIN WRDE ÀND OVERS BIGVNDE
[O+S p.103]
voor dat Cecrops woedend werd en anders begon
before Cecrops became furious and changed his mind

3. [085/03]
ÉL WEL SÉIDE THENE MAGÍ MITH VRBORGNE WODIN
[O+S p.103]
Heel goed [wel], zeide de Magy met verkropte [verborgen] woede
Very good [well], said the Magy, swelling with [hidden] rage

4. [096/29]
THÉR HIPTH HJA NÉI.T KRÍL.WOD. GRIPT ELSNE TRÉON
[O+S p.135]
Daarop ijlt zij naar het Krijlwoud, grijpt elzentakken
Then she ran to the Krylwood and got some elder branches

5. [104/26]
STORNE WIND KÉM TO BEK JETA WODANDER AS TO FORA
[O+S p.145]
De stormwind kwam terug, woedender als te voren
The [storm-] wind grew stronger [came back, more raging than before]

6. [107/20]
KRÁN.BOGA. TODEKTH MITH WOD ÀND LÉTHER
[O+S p.147]
kraanbogen, gedekt met hout en leder
crossbows [?] covered with wood and leather

7. [120/24]
THA ALEXANDRE FORNOM
THÀT IM SÁN.E GRÁTE FLÁTE VNTFÁRA WAS.
WÀRTH ER WODIN.LIK.
TO SWÉRANDE HI SKOLDE ALLE THORPA AN LOGHA OFFERJA
JEF WI NAVT TO BEK KVMA NILDE.
[O+S p.165]
Toen Alexander vernam
dat zulk eene groote vloot hem ontvaren was,
werd hij als woedend,
zweerende dat hij alle dorpen aan de vlam zoude offeren,
zoo wij niet wilden terug komen
When Alexander heard
that such a large fleet had escaped him,
he became furious,
and swore that he would burn [offer] all the villages [to flames]
if we did not come back

8. [122/19]
MEN ALEXANDER WÉRE WODIN
[O+S p.167]
Maar Alexander was woedend
but Alexander was furious

9. [124/01]
TWA.HONDRED ÉLEPHANTA. THVSEND KÉMLUN.
TOLÉDEN MITH WODEN BALKUM.
RÁPUM ÀND ALLERLÉJA ARK
[O+S p.169]
200 olifanten, 1000 kameelen,
[beladen] met houten balken,
roopen (touwen) en allerlei gereedschap
200 elephants, 1000 camels,
[loaded with] a quantity of timber,
ropes, and all kinds of implements

10. [148/14]
HWAND TO STÁVEREN ÀND ALLINGEN THÀT ALDER.GÁ
THÉR WRDON THA BESTA WÉRSKÉPA MAKED.
FON HERDE ÉKEN WOD THÉR NIMMERTHE NÉN ROT AN NE KVM
[O+S p.201]
Want te Staveren en langs het Alderga,
daar werden de beste oorlogschepen gemaakt
van hard eiken hout, daar nimmer verrotting in komt
because at Stavere, [and] along the Alberga,
the best ships of war were built
of hard oak which never rots

11. [150/02]
BURCH.WÉPNE. WOD. HIRBAKEN STÉN.
TIMBER.LJUD MIRTSELÉRA ÀND SMÉDA
[O+S p.203]
burgtwapenen, hout, hardgebakken steenen,
timmerlieden, metselaren, en smeden
weapons for wall defences, wood, [hardbaked] bricks,
carpenters, masons, and smiths

12. [198/30]
HJARA WÉPNE SEND WODEN BOGA
[O+S p.239]
hunne wapenen zijn houten bogen
Their arms are wooden bows

######

To complete my special about trees, wood and forests, here's another list of fragments with:

9. WALD/ WOD = wood/ forest (dutch: woud/ bos; german: Wald)

Note that in fragment #9 "LINDA.WALD" is translated into "Linda's wood", while in fragment #12 exactly the same word is translated into "wood of lime-trees".

Also note fragment #16: "WALDA THÉRA LINDA WRDA", translated as "forests of the Lindaoorden".

This is what the 'Over de Linden'/ 'Oera Linda' family (and hence the book) is named after, not the river, which is mentioned nowhere in the whole manuscript!

1. [005/14]
GRÉVETMAN OVIR.A HÁGA FENNA ÀND WALDA
[O+S p.11]
grevetman over de Hoogefennen en Wouden
Grevetman over the Hoogefennen and Wouden [Woods]

2. [020/07]
ALLE.T ÔRA LÁND SKIL BVW ÀND WALD BILÍVA.
THA THA BÁMA THÉRA NE MÉI NIMMAN NAVT FÀLLA.
BUTA MÉNA RÉDA
ÀND BUTA WÉTA THES WALD.GRÉVA.
HWAND THA WALDA SEND TO MÉNA NITHA.
THÉRVMBE NE MÉI NIMMAN THÉR MÀSTER OF SA
[O+S p.31]
Al het andere land zal bouw en bosch blijven.
Doch de boomen daarin zal niemand vellen,
buiten gemeene raad,
en buiten weten van den woudgraaf.
Want de wouden zijn ten gemeenen nutte,
daarom mag niemand er meester van zijn.
All the rest of the land shall be for tillage and forest.
No one shall fell trees
without the consent of the community,
without the knowledge of the forester;
for the forests are general property,
and no man can appropriate them

3.[047/22]
FON OVIRA TICHTA WALDA ÀND OVIR IT WILDE KWIK
[O+S p.67]
wegens de dichte wouden en het wild gedierte
on account of the thick forests and the wild beasts

4. [049/09]
THÉR TO BOPPA HÉDON WI THA NÔMA.
LAND.SÁTON MÁR.SATA ÀND HOLT JEFTA WOD.SÁTA
[O+S p.71]
Daarenboven hadden wij de namen
Landzaten, Marzaten en Hout- of Woudzaten
Besides these we had the names
Landzaten (natives of the land), Marzaten (natives of the fens), and Woud or Hout zaten (natives of the woods)

5. [050/02]
WALDA BÀRNADON THÉR.THRVCH ÀFTER EKKORUM
[O+S p.71]
Wouden brandden daardoor achterelkander weg
Whole [because of that] forests were burn[t]ed one after the other

6. [050/10]
THAT TWISK.LAND TO FÁRA.N HALFDÉL VNTWALT
[O+S p.71]
het Twiskland voor de helft ontwoud
the wood was destroyed through the half of Twiskland [deforested]

7. [069/32]
VPPET GRÁTESTE GVNG.ER INNA THA WALDA
TWISK THÀT BERCHTA EN BURCH BVWA
[O+S p.99]
Op het grootste ging hij in het woud
tusschen het gebergte eene burgt bouwen
Upon the largest he built a city
in the wood between the mountains

8. [087/06]
THÉR FLJUCHTE FUND SIN ENDE IN TO THA POLUM
FON ET KRÍLINGER WALD
[O+S p.121]
die vluchtte vond zijn einde in de poelen
van het Krylinger woud
those who fled found their death in the marshes
of the Krylinger wood

9. [094/10]
HINNE GLUPATH THRVCH LINDA.WALD.IS PÁDA
[O+S p.131]
binnengeslopen door de paden van Lindaswoud
slipped in through the paths of Linda's wood

10. [096/29]
THÉR HIPTH HJA NÉI.T KRÍL.WOD
[O+S p.135]
Daarop ijlt zij naar het Krijlwoud
Then she ran to the Krylwood

11. [097/18]
THA WALD FÜGLON FLJUCHTATH TO FÁRA THA FÉLO FORSYKAR
[O+S p.135]
De woudvogelen vluchten voor de vele bezoekers
The birds of the forest fled [flee] before the numerous visitors

12. [107/26]
THJU LJUDGÁRDA. OMTUNAD THRVCH THET GRÁTE LINDA.WALD
[O+S p.149]
de Liudgaarde omtuind door het groote Lindenwoud
the Liudgaarde, enclosed by the great wood of lime-trees

13. [115/16]
ÉVIN SÁ SKEDDE JRTHA HJRA WALDA ÀND BERGA
[O+S p.159]
even zoo schudde Irtha hare wouden en bergen
so Irtha shook her forests and her mountains

14. [115/27]
THA WALDA THÉR BYLDA IN WÉRON
[O+S p.159]
De wouden, daar beelden in waren
The woods in which the images were

15. [116/04]
EBBE KÉM ÀND THA WALDA MITHA BYLDUM DRÉVON NÉI SÉ
[O+S p.159]
Ebbe kwam en de wouden met de beelden dreven naar zee
with the ebb the forests with the images drifted out to sea

16. [116/09]
THA WALDA THÉRA LINDA WRDA WÉRON MÉST WÉI
[O+S p.159]
De wouden der Lindaoorden waren meest weg
The forests of the Lindaoorden were almost all gone

17. [116/25]
AN THÀS KÁD FONT FLÍMÁRE WÉRON (...)
THRICHTICH SALTA MÁRA KVMEN
VNSTONDEN THRVCH THA WALDA
THÉR MITH GRVND ÀND AL VRDRÉVEN WÉRON
[O+S p.161]
Aan dezen oever van het Flymeer waren (...)
dertig zoute plassen gekomen,
ontstaan door de wouden,
die met grond en al weg gedreven waren
At the mouth [this side] of the Flymeer (...)
thirty salt swamps were found,
consisting of the forest
and the ground that had been swept away

18. [130/29]
THÉR WÉRON BERGA THÉR THA KRUNNA OF SWIKTE.
THESSE TRULDON NÉTHER ÀND BROCHTON WALDA ÀND THORPA WÉI
[O+S p.179]
Er waren bergen, wier kruinen aftuimelden,
deze stortten neder en vernielden wouden en dorpen
The tops of high mountains fell
and destroyed whole forests and villages

20. [147/31]
HJARA WALDA WÉRON MITH GRVND ÀN AL FON.T LAND OF.FÁGED
[O+S p.201]
hunne wouden waren met grond en al van het land weggevaagd
their forests as well as their land had been washed out to sea

21. [165/20]
AFWIXLATH MITH FJELDUM ÀND WALDUM
[O+S p.223]
afgewisseld met velden en wouden
consists of [varried with] forests and fields

22. [167/15]
VSA ÉTHLA HAVON ALLE KRÍL.WALDA VRBÀRNATH
[O+S p.225]
onze voorvaderen hebben alle kreupelbosschen [or: krielwouden] verbrand
our forefathers burnt all the underwood

23. [168/02]
HÍR INNA WALDA HÀV IK KRUP ÀND STÁK.BÉJA SJAN
[O+S p.227]
Hier in de wouden heb ik kruip- en steekbessen gezien
I have found in the woods here bramble and holly berries

24. [192/20]
THACH SKILUN THÉR BILÍWA. HJA SKILUN FON UT WALD ÀND HOLUM KVMA
[O+S p.233]
toch zullen er blijven, zij zullen uit wouden en holen komen
there will still remain some who will come out of woods and caves

25. [206/10]
MIDDEL IN.T KRÍLWALD BIASTEN LJVD.WERDE
LÉITH VSA FLÍ JEFTHA WÉRA
[O+S p.247]
Midden in het Krijlwoud beoosten Liudwerd
ligt onze vlied of weerburg
In the middle of the Krijlwood, to the east of Liudwerd,
lies our splace of refuge

26. [208/31]
THÁ HJA JETA SVNDER WIVA INNA THA WALDA AS BANNANE OMME.DWARERDE
[O+S p.251]
toen zij nog zonder vrouwen in de wouden als bannelingen omdwaalden
when they had no women among them, and were wandering as exiles in the forests

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

A translation or print error of Ottema, copied by Sandbach:

27. [050/07]
THRJU JÉR WAS JRTHA ALSA TO LYDANDE
MEN THÁ HJU BÉTER WÉRE
MACHT MÀN HJRA VVNDA SJA
[O+S p.71]
Drie jaren was de aarde zoo lijdende,
maar toen zij herstelde,
kon men hare wouden [wonden] zien
During three years this continued [Earth suffered],
but at length it ceased [when she got better],
and forests [her wounds] became visible

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Same word, different meaning:

WALD = force, violence, power, command, influence etc.

An other, more common spelling of this word is WELD.
This will be the subject of a near-future post.

28. [002/21]
SÁ SEND HJA VNT.FRYAST VNTHÔNKES
THENE WALD HJARAR ALDRUM
[O+S p.7]
Zoo zijn zij ontfriesd ondanks
de macht hunner ouders
thus they became denationalised [defryanised?] in spite of
the efforts [power, influence?] of their parents

29. [005/08]
GRÉVET.MANNA VNDER HWAMMIS WALD THIT BOK A.WROCHTEN IS
[O+S p.11]
grevetmannen onder wier bestuur dit boek is vervaardigd
Grevetmen under whose direction this book is composed

30. [017/29]
BY ALLE SÉKUM MOT THA MODER WALDA ÀND NJVDA THÀT HJRA BÀRN.
THÀT IS FRYAS FOLK. SÁ MÉT.RIK BILÍWA AS THÀT WÉSA MÉI
[O+S p.29]
Bij alle zaken moet de Moeder zorgen en hoeden dat hare kinderen,
dat is Fryas volk, zoo maatrijk blijven, als het wezen kan
Under all circumstances the mother must take care that her children,
that is, Frya’s people, shall remain as temperate [?] as possible

31. [118/11]
HALD HJAM ALOND JOW WÀLDICH BISTE
VMRA WITHER HONK TO FORA
[O+S p.163]
Houdt hen tot dat gij in staat zijt
om hen weder naar huis te voeren
Keep them till you are able
to send them back

32. [129/31]
THRVCH DEMÉTRIUS WÉRON HJA WÀLDANTLIK NÉI THERE ALDA HÁVE SKIKAD
[O+S p.177]
Door Demetrius waren zij gewelddadig naar de oude haven gestuurd
They had been compelled by Demetrius to go to the old haven

######

10. FRYA =/= FRÉJA !!!

Numbers between {...} refer to the fragments below.

Primary meaning FRÉJA: to ask (35x; 2x with G instead of J)
Dutch: vragen

FRÉGE - (he) asked {1,24}
FRÉJA - (to) ask, (the) asking, (he) asks {4,5,8,12,14,17,20,21,26,37}
FRÉJAD - (he has) asked {30}
FRÉJANDE - (to) ask {11,15,29,33,36}
FRÉJATH - (he/we/they) (have) asked {9,10,18,19,28c}
FRÉJDE - (he) asked {16}
FRÉJE - (I/he) asked {25,27ab,31ab,32,34}
FRÉJER - he asked {22}
FRÉJETH - (I have) asked {23}
FRÉJON - (they) asked {6,7}

Secondary meaning FRÉJA: to (ask or invite for) love (6x; 2x BI-)
Oldfashioned Dutch: (be-) vrijen (FRÉJAR = vrijer)

FRÉJA - (to) invite for love {3}
~ BIFRÉJAD - (he has) invited for love {35}
~ BIFRÉJANDE - (to) invite for love {28b}
FRÉJAR - lover {2,28a,29}

The word "GOD" in OLB almost always just means "good" or "perfect", but it can also mean "God".

Therefore, the name "GODFRÉJATH" (p.045/17) will have been double ambiguous:

God-asked or Good-loved

Dutch: God-(ge)vraagd or Goed-(ge)vreeën

(The meanings God-loved and good-asked are also possible, but less likely.)

This is very different from what the usual etymology for "Godfried" or "Godfrey" says: peace of God.

This also proves that GODFRÉJATH is a different name than GODFRIED, as it has a different meaning, although the latter may have evolved out of the first.

----------------------

1. [001/16]
THA TO THA LESTA FRÉGE ADELA THÀT WIRD
[O+S p.5]
Toen ten laatste vroeg Adela het woord
Thereupon Adela demanded [or: asked] to be heard

2. [013/12]
SÁHWERSA ANNEN FON HJAM ÉNER JVWER TOGHATERUM
TO WIF GÉRTH ÀND HJU THAT WIL.
THÀN SKILUN J HJA HJRA DVMHÉD BITJVTHA
THACH WIL HJU TOCH HJRA FRÉJAR FOLGJA
THAT HJA THAN MITH FRÉTHO GÁ
[O+S p.23]
Zoo wanneer een van hun eene uwer dochteren
tot vrouw [of: wijf] begeert, en zij dat wil,
dan zult gij haar hare dwaasheid [of: domheid] beduiden,
doch wil zij toch haren vrijer [of: vrager] volgen,
dat zij dan met vrede ga
If any of them should seek a daughter of yours
to wife, and she is willing,
explain to her her folly;
but if she will [still wants to] follow her lover [or: asker],
let her go in peace

3. [019/15]
ALLERA MANNALIK MÉI.T WIF SINRA KÉSA FRÉJA
ÀND EK TOGHATER MÉI EFTER HJRA HELD.DRVNK BJADA THÉR HJU MINTH
[O+S p.31]
Elk manspersoon mag de vrouw zijner keuze vrijen [of: vragen],
en elke dochter mag haren heildrank aanbieden aan hem, dien zij bemint
Every man may seek [ask] the wife of his choice,
and every woman [each daughter] may bestow her hand on him [offer her healing drink to] whom she loves

4. [029/22]
SA FOCHT.ET VS VMBE THAT A KÁP TO FRÉJA
[O+S p.43]
zoo voegt het ons dat te koop te vragen
it is proper that we should offer [or: ask] to buy it

5. [029/29]
ÀND HJA VS FRÉJA EN ORDÉL TO SPRÉKA
[O+S p.43]
en zij ons verzoeken [of: vragen] een oordeel uit te spreken
and they request [or: ask] us to arbitrate

6. [033/27]
ÀND FRÉJON MIN.ERVA HWÉR OF HJRA ERVA LÉJON
[O+S p.49]
en vraagden Min-erva, waar hare erven gelegen waren
and asked Min-erva where her possessions lay

7. [034/14]
ENE.S KÉMON HJA ÀND FRÉGON.
AS THV THÀN NÉN THJONSTER NE BISTE
[O+S p.51]
Eens kwamen zij en vroegen:
als gij dan geen tioenster (heks) zijt
She was once [they came and] asked,
If you are not a witch

8. [035/22]
THÉRVMBE NE KAN IK NAVT FRÉJA JEF HJA BETER WRDA WILLA
[O+S p.51]
daarom kan ik niet vragen of zij beter willen worden
therefore I cannot ask them to do better

9. [035/26]
HWANATH KVMTH.ET KWÁD THÀN WÉI
FRÉJATHTHA PRESTERA
[O+S p.51]
Waar komt het kwaad dan weg,
vroegen de priesteren
Where, then, does evil come from?
asked the priests

10. [035/30]
WÉRVMB WÉRTH.ER.ET KWÁD THÀN NAVT
FRÉJATH THA.PRESTERA
[O+S p.53]
waarom weert hij dan het kwaad niet,
vroegen de priesters
why does he not turn away the bad?
asked the priests

11. [038/32]
SVME WILDON NÉI TEX.LÁND VMBE THÉR ÉNE TO FRÉJANDE
[O+S p.57]
Sommigen wilden naar Texland om aldaar eene te vragen
some of us wished to go to Texland to look for her [ask one there]

12. [053/04]
THÉRVMBE NE LÉT HJU NÉN RÉD NI FOLLISTAR ANDA MODER NE FRÉJA
[O+S p.75]
daarom liet zij noch raad, noch helpers [of: volgers] aan de Moeder vragen
and [therefore she] would neither seek [or: ask] counsel nor aid [or: followers] from the mother

13. [054/15]
WI HÀVATH OFTEN HELPE AN THINRE BURCH.FÁM FRÉJATH
[O+S p.77]
Wij hebben dikwijls aan uwe burgtmaagd hulp gevraagd
We have often asked your Burgtmaagd for help

14. [059/13]
ÁK WÉRON HJA SÉR NY. NÉI VSA BÀRNSTÉNUM
ÀND THÀT FRÉJA THÉR NÉI NAM NÉN ENDE
[O+S p.83]
Ook waren zij zeer begeerig naar onze barnsteenen,
en het vragen daarnaar nam geen einde
They also wished to buy our amber,
and their inquiries about it were incessant
[or: the asking about it did not end]

15. [060/15]
NW KÉMON HJA THÀT A KÁP TO FRÉJANDE
[O+S p.85]
Nu kwamen zij dat te koop vragen
They now came and asked to buy that [actually: came to ask]

16. [070/18]
MIN.ERVA FRÉJDE JEF WI VS IN THÉRE MINNA MACHTE NITHER SETTA
[O+S p.99]
Minerva vroeg of wij ons in der minne mochten nederzetten
Min-erva asked if we might settle there peaceably

17. [071/02]
MEN MIN.ERVA FRÉJA
HO BIST WEL AN THINA SLÁVONA KVMEN
[O+S p.99]
Maar Minerva vraagde:
hoe zijt gij wel aan uwe slaven gekomen?
But Min-erva said [asked].
How did you get your slaves?

18. [071/14]
AS HJA THAT NW ELLA TELLAD HÉDE.
FRÉJATH HJA MITH ÉR.BJADENESSE VM ÍRSENE.BURCHWÉPNE
[O+S p.101]
Als zij nu dit alles verhaald [of: verteld] hadden,
vroegen zij eerbiedig om ijzeren burgtwapenen
When they had finished their story [or: told all]
they asked respectfully for iron [burch-]weapons

19. [071/19]
AS HJU THÉRAN TOSTEMAD HÉDE FRÉJATH THA LJUDA...
[O+S p.101]
Als zij daarin toegestemd hadden, vroegen die lieden...
When this had been agreed to, the people asked...

20. [072/29]
FORTH JAVON HJA THAT FOLK BYLDNISSE FON HIRA LIKNESS
TJÚGANDE THAT HJA THÉRAN ELLA FRÉJA MACHTE
ALSANAKA HJA HÉROCH BILÉWON
[O+S p.103]
Daarop gaven zij het volk beeldtenissen van hare gelijkenis,
betuigende dat zij daaraan alles mochten vragen,
zoo lang zij gehoorzaam bleven
Thereupon they gave the people statues of [resembling] her,
declaring that they might ask [all] of them whatever they liked,
as long as they were [stayed] obedient to her

21. [083/07]
... THÀT HI HJRI FRÉJA SKOLDE...
[O+S p.115]
... dat hij haar vragen zoude...
... that he should ask her...

22. [083/12]
AS ER THÉR AFTER AL SINRA FORSTA
OM JRA LÉGER TO.GADURAD HÉDE FRÉJER LÚD
[O+S p.115]
Toen hij daarna alle zijne voornaamsten
om haar leger vergaderd had, vroeg hij luide:
Then, when he had gathered all his chiefs
around her bed, he asked, in a loud voice

23. [084/27]
IK HÀV THI FRÉJETH JEFTH IK BÁS SKILDE WERTHA
[O+S p.117]
ik heb u gevraagd of ik meester [of: baas] zoude worden
I have asked you if I should become master [or: boss]

24. [091/22]
THACH NW FRÉGE MIN BURCH.FÁM THET WORT
[O+S p.127]
doch nu vroeg mijne Burgtmaagd het woord
only that my Burgtmaagd asked to speak

25. [104/01]
BIST EN ÀFTE FRYA.S. FRÉJE TRÁST
[O+S p.143]
Zijt ge een echte Fries, vroeg Troost
Are you a true Frisian? Troost asked

26. [104/08]
NINMAN MACHT HJU FRÉJA
[O+S p.143]
Niemand kon zij vragen
She could ask no one

27. [105/15-18]
HWÉR STAND THIN HUS THÀN. FRÉJE TRÁST. (...)
NE STAND.ET THÀN NAVT VPP.EN NOL. JEFTHA THERP. FRÉJE TRÁST
[O+S p.145]
Waar stond uw huis dan, vroeg Troost. (...)
Stond het dan niet op eene nol (ronde hoogte) of terp, vroeg Troost
Where did your house stand? Troost asked. (...)
Did it not stand on a knoll? Troost asked

28. [112/03]
SÁ HWERSA THÉR AN DA SÁXANA MARKA
EN FRÉJAR KVMATH EN MANGÉRTE TO BIFRÉJANDE.
ALSA FRÉJATH THA MÀNGÉRTNE THÉR...
[O+S p.153]
zoo wanneer daar aan de Saxenmarken
een vrijer [of: vrager] een meisje komt bevrijen [of: bevragen],
dan vragen de meisjes daar...
So whenever at the Saxenmarken
a young man [or: asker] courts [or: asks] a young girl,
the girls [there] ask...

29. [113/03]
LÉT ET THA MANGÉRTNE TO WÉNHÉD WRDE
HJARA FRÉJAR TO FRÉJANDE. ÉR HJA JA SEGSA
[O+S p.155]
Laat het de meisjes tot eene gewoonte worden
om hare vrijers [of: vragers] te vragen, eer zij ja zeggen:
Let the girls, when they are asked to marry, [make it a habit]
before they say yes, ask their lovers [or: askers]

30. [113/16]
HETH HJU ORLOVI FRÉJAD VMBE NÉI HJRA HUS TO GÁNE
[O+S p.155]
heeft zij verlof gevraagd om naar huis te gaan
she asked leave to go home

31. [114/15]
NW WRD.IK DRIST ÀND FRÉJE (...)
EN GRÉVE.MÀN FRÉJE MY (...)
[O+S p.157]
Nu werd ik vrijmoedig en vroeg (...)
Een grijsaard vroeg mij (...)
then I became bold, and asked (...)
An old man asked me (...)

32. [118/02]
MEN GOSA FRÉJE
[O+S p.163]
Maar Gosa vroeg:
She [but Gosa] asked them:

33. [119/23]
NW WI.N MODER HÀVE AGON WI HJRA RÉD TO FRÉJANDE
[O+S p.165]
nu wij eene Moeder hebben, behooren wij haar raad te vragen
now that we have a mother it behoves us to ask her advice

34. [148/28]
THÁ (...) THÉRVR FÉLO WORDON WIXLAD WÉRON.
FRÉJE FRISO TO THA LESTA
[O+S p.201]
Toen (...) daarover vele woorden gewisseld waren,
vroeg Friso ten laatste
When (...) a good deal of conversation had taken place,
[or: when many words were exchanged about it]
Friso asked them at last

35. [150/13]
WITTO HETH SJUCHT.HIRTE BIFRÉJAD ÀND TO SIN WIF NOMEN
[O+S p.203]
Witto heeft Siuchthirte bevrijd [of: bevraagd] en tot zijne vrouw genomen
Witto [had] courted Siuchthirte and married her [taken her to his wife]

36. [196/12]
THAT ALD ÀND JONG UT ALLE WRDUM WÉI KÉMOM
TO FRÉJANDE JEF HJA MACHTE MITHA DVA
[O+S p.235]
dat oud en jong uit alle oorden weg kwamen,
om te vragen, of zij mochten mede doen
that old and young came from all sides
to ask if they might take part in it

37. [205/09]
THISSA BODON MOSTEN FRÉJA JÉF ASKAR
THES KÀNINGHIS TOGHTER FRÉTHO.GUNSTA
TO SIN WIF HÀVE MACHTE
[O+S p.247]
Deze boden moesten vragen of Askar
des konings dochter Frethogunsta
tot zijne vrouw mocht hebben
These messengers were to ask
the King's daughter, Frethogunsta,
in marriage for Askar

######

11.Feared Frisians?

One of the many different old Dutch spellings of "Frisians" is "Fresen".

The following fragments show that this name may also have caused associations that were slightly different from "free".

Modern dutch:
fear = vrees
to fear = vrezen
to be feared = vreselijk

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

1. [001/07]
ET STAND.TO FRÉSANE THAT.ER WELDIG SKOLDE WERTHA
[O+S p.5]
het stond te vreezen, dat hij geweldig zoude worden
it looked as if [was to be feared that] his power was to become supreme

2. [024/23]
HETH THENE KÉNING EN FRÉSALIK FOLK OFSLAGEN
[O+S p.37]
Heeft de koning een gevreesd volk afgeslagen
If a king has conquered a dangerous [feared] enemy

3. [040/08]
ÉWA TO FRÉSANE AS HJARA SWÉTE WINA MITH DÉJANDE FENIN
[O+S p.59]
even te vreezen als hunne zoete wijnen met doodend vergif
as much to be feared as their sweet wine with deadly poison

4. [041/27]
IS HWA WRAK THÀN MOTER AVBÉR SÉGA
THAT NIMMAN FON HIM TO FRÉSANE NACH TO DUCHTANE HETH
[O+S p.61]
Is iemand machteloos [impotent], dan moet hij openbaar zeggen
dat niemand van hem te vreezen [noch te duchten] heeft
If a man is impotent, he must openly declare
that no one has anything to fear from him

5. [043/11]
IS HWA MISDÉDOCH FAR IM SELVA
THA NAVT FRÉSELIK FAR EN ÔRA.
SÁ MÉI HI HIM SELVA RJUCHTA
[O+S p.63]
Is iemand misdadig jegens hem zelven,
maar niet te vreezen voor anderen,
dan mag hij zijn eigen rechter wezen
If any man injures [is harmful to] himself,
but does no harm to [not to be feared by] others,
he must be his own [may] judge [himself]

6. [043/22]
THRVCH THAT EN ÉRE RÁWER ÁK THER IS TO FRÉSANE
[O+S p.63]
want een eerrover is ook [daar] te vreezen
because even there a backbiter [litt.: honour-robber] is to be feared

7. [052/09]
THÉR.VR IS.T FOLK ÔLAN IN ANGE FRÉSE
[O+S p.75]
daarover is het volk steeds in bange vrees,
and this frightens the people
[because of this, the people always live in terrible fear]

8. [062/27]
LIK EN WR.LANDESKE FORSTINE WILDE HJU
ÉRATH FRÉSATH ÀND BÉDEN WÉSA
[O+S p.89]
Even als eene buitenlandsche vorstin wilde zij
geëerd, gevreesd en gebeden wezen
Like a foreign princess [queen], she wished
to be honoured, feared, and worshipped

9. [063/22]
AS HJU SACH THAT THA STJORAR MÁR ÀND MÁR FON JRI WÉKE
THA WILDE HJU RA THRVCH FRÉSE WINNA
[O+S p.89]
Toen zij zag, dat de zeelieden meer en meer van haar weken,
wilde zij hen door vrees winnen
When she saw that the sailors kept more and more aloof from her,
she tried to win them back by fear

10. [069/13]
HIR SÉIDE MIN.ERVA SKIL BY SKIN NÉN FRÉSE
TOFARA FORSTUM NACH PRESTERUM NÉDICH WÉSA
[O+S p.97]
Hier, zeide Minerva, zal misschien geene vrees
voor vorsten of priesters noodig wezen
Here, said Min-erva, we need not perhaps
have any fear of princes or priests

11. [072/12]
TO SEGANDE HJA HÉDE FRÉSE
[O+S p.101]
zeggende, dat zij vrees hadden
saying that they feared [or: they had fear]

12. [094/32]
AS ER SACH HO SINA ELDRA IN FRÉSE WÉRON
[O+S p.131]
Als hij zag hoe zijne ouders in vrees waren
When he saw the danger of [how] his parents [were in fear]

13. [105/24]
THV HEST AL THIN LÉVA EN GRÚWEL HAD AN THA MÀNNISKA
UT FRÉSE THÀTSTE AWET JÉVA JEFTHA DVA MOSTE TO FARA HJAM
[O+S p.145]
Gij hebt al uw leven een afkeer [gruwel] gehad van [aan] de menschen,
uit vrees, dat gij iets geven of doen moest voor hun
All your life you have avoided your neighbours [had a disgust for the people],
fearing [or: out of fear] that you might have to give or do something for them

14. [156/17]
FON WAL.HALLA.GÁRA BRÚDON HJA
ALINGEN THÉRA SÚDER HRÉNUM
ALONT HJA MITH GRÁTA FRÉSE
BOPPA THÉRE RÉNE BY THA MÁRSATA KÉMON
[O+S p.211]
Van Walhallagara vertrokken zij
langs den Zuiderrijn (de Waal),
totdat zij met groote vrees
boven den Rijn bij de Marsaten kwamen
thence they followed From Walhallagara they left
[along] the Zuiderryn (the Waal),
till, with great [fear] apprehension, they
arrived beyond the Rhine at the Marsaten

15. [166/22]
MÁR THA LÍTHSTE SIND NOCH FRÉSLIKER ALS THAM
[O+S p.225]
maar de kleinste zijn nog vreeselijker als die
but the smallest are the most deadly [even more to be feared than them]

16. [167/02]
NÉI THAT HJA GRÁT JOF FRÉSLIK SIND. SIND HJARA NÔMA
[O+S p.225]
naar dat zij groot of vreeselijk zijn, zijn hunne namen
According to their size and fierceness [or: frightfulness?], they have names

######

12.@ # $ % & * Priests!?

The OLB is rather negative about priests and other authorities.

Let's look at some of their qualifications.

(The numbers between {...} refer to the fragments below.)

BIDROGLIK = deceitful (NL: bedrieglijk) {8}
FALSK = false (NL: vals) {1,3}
FALX = ,, {4,6,7}
LÀF = cowardly (NL: laf) {5}
NÍDIG = needy, angry, jealous, spiteful (NL: nijdig) {12}
SKIN.FRÁN = pseudo-pious, hypocritical (NL: schijnvroom) {5,10}
SMÚGRIG = dirty, filthy, nasty (NL: smerig) {10}
TJOK ÀND RIK = fat and rich (NL: dik en rijk) {11}
WAN.WIS = pseudo-wise (NL: waanwijs) {4}
WL = foul (NL: vuil) {2,9}

(Personal note: My westfrisian grandmother would use similar terms in this context.)

This anti-authoritarian attitude of the OLB will have been one of the main causes for the emotional and therefore often irrational nature of the debate about it.

The 19th century elite understood very well that this mysterious manuscript had to be much more than just a students' joke.

It had the potential to cause revolution.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

1. [033/15] Skriftum Minno's
ET NIDIGE FOLK FINDA.S MITH HJARA FALSKA PRESTERUM
[O+S p.49]
het nijdige volk Findas met zijne valsche priesteren
the spiteful Finda's people with their false priests

2. [078/18] Ulysus
VMBE BY THA WLA PRESTRUM IN EN GODA HROP TO WÉSANDE
STÀLDON HJA THÉR FALSKA DROCHTEN LIKANDA ÀND VNTUCHTIGA BILDA IN.
BY THA WLA PRESTRUM ÀND FORSTUM
WRDON THA KNÁPA ALTOMET MÁRA GÉRT AS THA TOGHATERA
[O+S p.109]
om bij de vuile priesteren in een goeden dunk te wezen,
plaatsten zij daar op valsche goden gelijkende en ontuchtige beelden in.
Bij de vuile priesteren en vorsten
werden soms de knapen meer begeerd, als de dochteren
in order to remain in good odour with the nasty priests,
they placed there likenesses of false gods and unchaste statues.
Sometimes the dirty priests and princes
wished for the boys rather than the girls

3. [084/08] Denamarka lost
THIT SJANDE SKILUN THA FALSKA FORSTA ÀND PRESTER
ALSAMEN WITH FRYDOM KÀMPA ÀND WOXELJA
[O+S p.117]
Dit ziende zullen de valsche vorsten en priesters
allen te zamen tegen de vrijheid kampen en worstelen
When they perceive this, the false princes and priests
will strive and wrestle against freedom

4. [101/01] Form-leer Apollanja
MEN THI WAN.WISA FALXA MANNA
THAM HJARA SELVA GODIS SKALKA JEFTHA PRESTERA NOMA LÉTA.
BÜRATH ÀND SÁMNATH ÀND GETTHATH ALDAM TOFARA DROCHTNE
THÉR ER NAVT NE SEND VMBET SELVA TO BIHALDANDE
[O+S p.139]
Maar die wanwijze valsche mannen,
die zich zelf godsdienaren ( * ) of priesteren laten noemen,
beuren en zamelen en vergaderen dat alles voor afgoden,
die niet bestaan, om het zelf te behouden
[ * or: godschalken, gosschalken]
but these presumptuous and false men,
who call themselves God's servants and priests,
receive and collect everything in the name of the idols
that have no real existence, for their own benefit

5. [135/27] Dela/Hellenja
MEN THA LÀFA SKIN.FRÁNA PRESTARA NE MACHTON THÀT NAVT NE LYDA.
EMONG HJARA FORSINDE GODUM HÉDON HJA ÁK WRANG.WRÀDA DROCHTNE E.SKÉPEN
[O+S p.185]
Maar de laffe schijnvrome priesters konden dat niet dulden,
onder hunne verdichte goden hadden zij ook booze wreede gedrochten geschapen
but the cowardly hypocritical priests could not suffer this.
Among their false gods they had invented also wicked cruel monsters

6. [138/29] Dela/Hellenja
THAHWILA JES.US LÉRE VR JRTHA FOR.
GVNGON THA FALXA PRESTERA NÉI.T LÁND SINRA BERTA
SIN DÁD AVBÉRA
[O+S p.189]
Terwijl de leer van Jessos over de aarde zich uitbreidde,
gingen de valsche priesters naar het land zijner geboorte,
om zijn dood bekend te maken
While the doctrine of Jessos was thus spreading over the earth,
the false priests went to the land of his birth
to make his death known

7. [141/07] Dela/Hellenja
THA SKILUN THA FALXA PRESTERA WÉI FÁGATH WERTHA FON JRTHA
[O+S p.191]
Dan zullen de valsche priesters weggevaagd worden van de aarde
Then the false priests shall be swept away from the earth

8. [159/12] Gosa
THA BIDROGLIKA PRESTERA ÀND THA WRANG WRÉJA FORSA (sic).
THÉR IMMER SÉMIN HÉLADON.
WILDON NÉI WILKÉR LÉVA
ÀND BUTA GOD.IS ÉWA DVAN
[O+S p.215]
De bedriegelijke priesters en de boosaardige vorsten,
die altijd te zamen heulden,
wilden naar willekeur leven
en buiten de wetten des goeds handelen
The deceitful priests and the malignant princes,
who always clung together,
wished to live according to their own inclinations,
without regard to the laws of right

9. [160/01] Gosa
THA LODDERIGA MANGÉRTNE ÀND THA VNMÀNLIKA KNÁPA
THÉR MITHA WLA PRESTERUM ÀND FORSTUM HORADON
VNTLVKADON THA NYA TÁLA AN HJARA BOLA
[O+S p.217]
De wulpsche meisjes en verwijfde knapen,
die met de onzedelijke priesters en vorsten boeleerden,
ontlokten die nieuwe talen aan hunne boelen
The wanton girls and effeminate youths
who consorted with the immoral priests and princes,
taught [learnt] the new language[-s] to [from] their companions

10. [162/14] Gosa
THISSA LOGHA SKIL ALLE BALDA FORSTA VRTÉRA
ÀND ALLE SKIN.FRÁNA ÀND SMÚGRIGA PRESTERA
[O+S p.219]
Deze vlam zal alle slechte vorsten verteeren
en alle schijnvrome en smerige priesters
that flame will destroy all bad princes
and hypocritical dirty priests

11. [164/14] Ljudgert
IN THET LÔND SIND ÔLLE PRESTERA TJOK ÀND RIK
[O+S p.223]
In dit land zijn alle priesters dik en rijk
In this country all the priests are fat and rich

12. [164/22] Ljudgert
OL THISA NÔMA SIND AR THRVCH THA NÍDIGE PRESTERA JÉVEN
[O+S p.223]
Al deze namen zijn hun door de nijdige priesters gegeven
These names are given by the [jealous?] priests out of spite

######

13. The Saxons and the Saxanamarks

Most of the following fragments show that the Fryans and the Saxons must have been friendly together most of the time. They seem to have mixed well and many Saxons seem to have repopulated what is now Holland after the big flood of 300 BC.

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

1. [005/13] (grevetmen Adela)
THER SAX.MAN. STORO SYTJA.S MAN.
GRÉVETMAN OVIR.A HÁGA FENNA ÀND WALDA. (...)
THA BURGA BVDA ÀND MANNA.GÁRDA.FORDA
[O+S p.11]
De Saxman Storo, Sytias man,
grevetman over de Hoogefennen en Wouden (...)
de burgten Buda en Manna-garda-forda
The Saxman Storo, Sytia's husband [man];
Grevetman over the Hoogefennen and Wouden [woods]. (...)
The towns [burgs] Buda and Manna-garda-forda

2. [049/04] (before the bad times)
THÉRA THÉR IN DA HÁGE MARKA SÁTON
THÉR ANNA TWISK.LANDA PÁLON
WRDON SAXMANNA HÉTON.
UT HÁWEDE HJA IMMER WÉPNED WÉRON
VR THÀT WILDE KWIK ÀND VRWILDARDA BRITNE
[O+S p.69]
Die in de hooge marken gezeten waren [zaten],
welke aan de Twisklanden paalden [palen],
werden Saxmannen geheeten,
uithoofde zij altijd gewapend waren
tegen het wild gedierte en de verwilderde Britten [= (weg)gebrachtene]
Those who were settled in the higher marches
bounded by [bordering the] Twisklanden (Germany)
were called Saxmannen,
because they were always armed
against the wild beasts and the savage Britons [= outcasts]

3. [087/29] (Adelbrost)
SJUGUN MÔNATHA ÀFTER WERTH.ER EN MÉNA
ACHT BILIDSEN ÀND WEL TO GRÉNEGÁ
UT ÉRSÉKE THAT ANNA SAXANA MARKA PÁLTH
[O+S p.123]
Zeven maanden daarna werd eene algemeene
vergadering belegd en wel te Grenega,
uit oorzaak dat het aan de Saksamarken paalt
Seven months later a general
assembly was called at Grenega (Groningen),
because it was on the boundary of Saxamarken

4. [094/15] (Bruno)
EN JUNGE SAXMÀN BIRÉD EN WILDE BUFLE
THÉRER SELVA FENSEN HÉDE ÀND TÀMAD
[O+S p.131]
een jonge Saksman bereed een wilden buffel,
dien hij zelf gevangen en getemd had
A young Saxon bestrode a wild bull [bufalo]
which he had caught and tamed [himself]

5. [111/31] (Apollanja)
ÉR HÉDIK ANDA SÁXANA MARKA.
TO THÉRE BURCH MÀNNA.GÁRDA.FORDA WÉST
[O+S p.153]
Weleer was ik in de Saxenmarken
op de burgt Mannagardaforde geweest
I had been before in the Saxenmarken,
at the Mannagardaforde castle (Munster)

6. [112/03] (Apollanja)
SÁ HWERSA THÉR AN DA SÁXANA MARKA
EN FRÉJAR KVMATH EN MANGÉRTE TO BIFRÉJANDE
[O+S p.153]
zoo wanneer daar aan de Saxenmarken
een vrijer een meisje komt bevrijen
So whenever at the Saxenmarken
a young man [lover] courts a young girl

7. [112/13] (Apollanja)
DÁNA IST KVMEN THÀT THA SAXMANA.
THJU BUW ANDA WIVA VRLÉTEN HÀVE
[O+S p.153]
Daar van daan is ’t gekomen, dat de Saxmannen
den landbouw aan de vrouwen [wijven] overgelaten hebben
And from this it comes that the Saxons
have left the cultivation of the soil to the women [wives]

8. [113/14] (Apollanja)
THA JONGSTE THÉR FÁMNA FON THÉRA. THÉR BY MI WÉRON.
KÉM UTA SAXSANA.MARKA WÉI
[O+S p.155]
De jongste van de maagden, die bij mij waren,
kwam uit de Saxenmarken weg
The youngest of the maids who were with me
came from the Saxenmarken

9. [113/19] (Apollanja)
ÀND DÁNA IST KVMEN THÀTER HJUDÉGA
SÁ FELO SAXMÀNNA BY THA STJURAR FÁRE
[O+S p.155]
daarvan daan is het gekomen, dat heden ten dage
zoo vele Saxmannen bij onze zeelieden varen
and that is the reason why in these days
so many of our sailors are Saxons [sail with the navigators]

10. [115/06] (Frethorik)
THA SAXMÀNNA WÉRON FROME ÀND FROD BILYWEN
[O+S p.159]
De Saxmannen waren vroom en braaf gebleven
The Saxmen had remained religious [pious?] and upright

11. [118/23] (Frethorik)
THÁ VSA LÁNDA WITHER TO BIGANA WÉR
KÉMON THÉR BANDA ERMA SAXMANNA ÀND WIVA
NÉI THA VVRDUM FON STAVERE ÀND THÀT ALDERGA.
VMBE GOLDEN ÀND ÔRA SJARHÉDA TO SÉKANE
FONUT THA WASIGE BODEME.
THACH THA STJURAR NILDO HJA NAVT TO LÉTA
THA GVNGON HJA THA LÉTHOGA THORPA BIHÉMA
TO WEST FLÍLAND. VMBE RA LIF TO BIHALDANE
[O+S p.163]
Toen onze landen weder te begaan waren,
kwamen er benden arme Saxmannen en vrouwen
naar de oorden van Staveren en het Alderga,
om gouden en andere sieraden te zoeken
uit de drassige bodem.
Doch de zeelieden wilden hen niet toelaten.
Toen gingen zij de ledige dorpen bewonen
te West Flyland, om hun lijf te behouden
When our country began to recover,
there came troops of poor Saxon men and women
to the neighbourhoods of Staveren and Alderga,
to search for gold and other treasures
in the swampy lands.
But the sea-people [navigators] would not permit it,
so they went and settled in the empty village[-s]
of the West Flyland in order to preserve their lives

12. [133/24] (Wiljo)
MIN NÔM IS WIL.JO, IK BIN THA FÁM
THÉR MITH HIM FONA SAXANA MARKA TO HONK FOR
[O+S p.183]
Mijn naam is Wiljo, ik ben de maagd [fam],
die met hem uit de Saksenmarken naar huis voer
My name is Wiljo. I am the maiden [fam]
who came home with him from Saxsenmarken

13. [134/04] (Wiljo)
THÁ.K NÉI THA SAXANA MARKA FOR.
HÀV IK THRJU BOKA HRET
[O+S p.183]
Toen ik naar de Saksenmarken voer,
heb ik drie boeken gered
When I went to Saxsenmarken
I preserved three books

14. [150/09] (Konered about Friso)
AN BYDE SIDA THÉRE HAVES.MVDE
IS ÉNE WITH.BURCH BVWED.
THÉR IN IS FOLK LÉID
THAT FRISO UTA SAXANA MARKA TÁCH
[O+S p.203]
dat aan beide zijden van den havenmond
[is] eene versterkte [zee-]burgt gebouwd is,
en daarin is volk gelegd,
dat Friso uit de Saksenmarken trok
on each side of the harbour
a strong citadel [seaburg] has been [is] built,
and garrisoned by people
brought by Friso out of Saksenmarken

15. [150/23] (Konered about Friso)
THENE JONGSTE SKIKT.ER AS SENDA BODA NÉI KATTA.BURCH
THÀT DJAP INNA SAXANAR MARKA LÉID
[O+S p.203]
den jongste zond hij als zendbode naar Kattaburgt,
dat diep in de Saksenmarken ligt
the youngest, he sent as messenger to Kattaburgt,
which lies far in the Saxsenmarken

16. [151/14] (Konered about Friso)
AFTER THISSA BODON LÉT.ER IMMER JONGK.FOLK
OVER THA SAXANAR MARKA FÁRA
[O+S p.205]
Na deze boden liet hij gedurig jongvolk
over de Saksenmarken trekken
After these messengers he let his young people
constantly go over to the Saxsenmarken

17. [151/20] (Konered about Friso)
JEF.T NV BÉRDE THÀT THA SAXANA KNÁPA
THÉR NÍDICH NÉI UTSÁGON
[O+S p.205]
Als het nu gebeurde dat de Saksen knapen
daar afgunstig op zagen...
When [or: if it happened that] the Saxsen youths
looked with envy at this

18. [151/28] (Konered about Friso)
ÀFTERNÉI KÉMON THA SAXANAR KNÁPA ÀND MANGÉRTNE
BY ÉLLE KEDDUM NÉI THÀT FLÍ.MAR DEL
[O+S p.205]
naderhand kwamen de Saksische jongelingen [knapen] en meisjes
bij geheele troepen [kudden] naar het Flymeer afzakken
afterwards the Saxsen youths and girls
came in whole troops to the Flymeer

19. [155/13] (Konered about Adel)
HJU KÉM FONUT THA SAXANA.MARKUM WÉI.
FONUT.ÉRE STÁTHA THÉR IS KÉTHEN SVÔBA.LAND
[O+S p.209]
Zij kwam uit de Saksenmarken weg,
uit de staat die genoemd is Suobaland
She came from Saxenmarken,
from the state of [that is called] Suobaland

20. [156/05] (Konered about Adel)
VMBE THA MÀNNISKA VPPA HJRA SÍD TO KRÉJANDE.
WAS HJU MITH HJRA FRJUDELF FON OF HJRA TÁT
THRVCH ALLE SAXANA MARKA FÁREN
AND FORTH NÉI GÉRT.MÀNNJA
[O+S p.211]
Om de menschen op hare zijde te krijgen,
was zij met haren echtgenoot van haren vader
door alle Saksenmarken gereisd
en voorts naar Geertmannia
To bring the people to her side,
she travelled with her husband [from her dad]
through all Saxenmarken,
and also to Geertmannia

21. [201/19] (anonymus about Askar)
THÀT FOLK WÉRMITH HI WITH THA SALT.ÁTHUM THERA GOLUM KÀMPED HÉDE
HÉD.ER ÚT.A SAXANA.MARKUM LVKTH
[O+S p.243]
Het volk waarmede hij tegen de soldaten der Golen had gestreden,
had hij uit de Saksenmarken gelokt
The people with whom he [had] fought against the soldiers of the Gauls,
he had enticed out of the Saxenmarken

22. [204/08] (anonymus about Askar)
FORTH GVNG HJU ÀFTERA SAXNA.MARKA
TWERES THRVCH THA ÔRA TWISK.LANDA HIN
[O+S p.245]
Voorts ging zij achter de Saksenmarken,
dwars door de andere Twisklanden heen
She proceeded on beyond the Saxsenmarken,
crossing through the other Twisklanders

23. [208/02] (anonymus about Askar)
THA SAXMANNA BROCHTEN HJU OVIR HJARA MARKA.
MITH THA JUTTAR FOR HJU NÉI SKÉNLAND
ÀND ALINGEN THÉRE KÁD FON THA BALDA.SÉ.
MITH ASKAR HIS STJÚRAR FOR HJU NÉI BRITANJA
[O+S p.251]
De Saksmannen brachten ze [haar] over hunne marken;
met de Jutten voer zij naar Schoonland
en langs de kusten van de Baltische zee;
met Askar zijne zeelieden voer zij naar Brittannia
The Saxsenmen took it [brought her] over to their marches.
[with] The Jutlanders brought it [she sailed] to Schoonland
and along the coasts of the Baltic Sea,
and with Askar's mariners it was taken [she sailed] to Britain

24. [209/29] (anonymus about Askar)
HI JEF HIM TWÉN HVNDRED SKOTSE
ÀND HVNDRED THÉRA STOROSTA SAXMANNA
MITH TO LIF.WÉRA
[O+S p.253]
hij gaf hem tweehonderd Schotten
en honderd van de grootste Saksmannen
mede tot eene lijfwacht
He gave him two hundred Scotch
and one hundred of the greatest Saksmannen
to go with him as a bodyguard

######

14. Meta-physics in the OLB ~ the word "GÁST" (ghost or spirit)

Dutch: geest
German: Geist

This word is mostly used in the OLB in the context of the 'Worldghost' or 'Spirit of the Over-old-one' (WR-ALDA'S GÁST). See fragments nr. {1,2,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,13,16,19,20,21,23,24,27}

And once refering to Frya's ghost or spirit: {18}

In the context of a (living) human spirit or mind: {4,12,17,20,21,22,23,28}

Refering to bad or evil spirits: {10,11,26}

And to spirits of the dead in general: {25}

As an element of the word BIGÁSTERET or BIGÁSTERED (inspired, enchanted, excited): {14,15} The Dutch version "begeesterd" is very old-fashioned and hardly ever used anymore, but the German version "begeisterd" is still commonly used.

I wonder if there's an etymological relation to the word "guest" (Dutch: gast).

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

1. [011/18] Tex Frya's
SÁHWERSA THJU NÉD ÀRG SY.
ÀND GODE RÉD ÀND GODE DÉD NAWET MÁR NE FORMÜGE
HROP THÀN THI GÁST WR.ALDAS AN
[O+S p.19]
Zoo wanneer de nood erg is,
en goede raad en goede daad niets meer vermogen,
roep dan den geest van Wralda aan
When in dire distress,
and when mental and physical energy avail nothing,
then have recourse to the spirit of Wr-alda
[or: when the need is bad,
and good counsil and good deeds don't help,
call for Wralda's ghost]

2. [011/26] Tex Frya's
WR.ALDAS GÁST MÉI MÀN ALLÉNA
KNIBUWGJANDE TÁNK TOWÍA
[O+S p.21]
Wraldas geest mag men alleen
kniebuigende [of: knielende] dank toewijden
To Wr-alda's spirit only shall you [one]
bend the knee in gratitude
[or: offer kneeling thanks]

3. [012/06] Tex Frya's
NIM NÀMMAR KNI.BUWGJANDE TÁNK FON.JV NÉSTON ÁN.
THJUS ÁGATH WRALDA.S GÁST
[O+S p.21]
Neem nimmer kniebuigende [(=knielende) dank] van uwen naaste[n] dank aan,
deze behoort aan Wraldas geest
Let not your neighbour express his thanks to you on bended knee,
which is only due to Wr-alda's spirit
[or: Never accept kneeling thanks from your relatives.
This belongs to Wralda's ghost]

4. [031/29] Skriftum Minno's
THÉRA. HWAM.HIS GÁST THÀT LESTIGOSTE SY. ÀND THÉRTRVCH STERIK.
THAM.HIS HÔNE KRÉIATH KÉNING.
ÀND THA ÔRA MOTON ALWENNA AN SIN WELD VNDER.WURPEN WÉSA
TIL EN ÔTHER KVMTH THÉR.IM FON.A SÉTEL DRÍWET
[O+S p.47]
Diegene wiens geest het listigste is en daardoor sterk,
diens haan kraait koning
en de andere moeten allerwege aan zijn wil onderworpen wezen,
totdat een ander komt die hem van den zetel verdrijft
Whoever is the most crafty crows over the others,
and tries to make them submit to him,
till another comes who drives him off his perch
[or: the one who's ghost is most cunning, and therefore strong,
his rooster crows: "king",
and the others will have to submit to him,
until another comes who chases him from his seat]

5. [032/18] Skriftum Minno's
THESSA NIGUNG HÀVATH WI TRVCH WR.ALDA.S GÁST. VSA FODERS.
THÉR IN FRYAS BERN BOGTH
THÉRVM BE SKIL HJU VS ÁK ÉVG BIKLÍWA
[O+S p.47]
Deze neiging hebben wij door den geest van Wralda onzen vader [voeder],
die luide spreekt in Fryas kinderen [boogt, pocht, praalt?].
Daarom zal die [ons] ook eeuwig beklijven.
We derive this disposition from the spirit of our father Wr-alda [our feeder],
which speaks strongly [shines?] in Frya's children,
and will eternally remain so
[or: therefore it shall always stay with us]

6. [032/21] Skriftum Minno's
ÉWA IS ÁK THET ÔRA SINNA.BYLD FON WR.ALDA.S GÁST.
THÉR ÉVG RJUCHT ÀND VN.FORSTOREN. BILIWATH
AFSKÉN.ET AN SIN LICHÉME ÀRG TO GÉIT
[O+S p.47]
Ewa (eeuwig [of: even, recht]) is ook het andere zinnebeeld van Wralda['s geest],
die eeuwig recht en onverstoord blijft,
ofschoon het in zijn ligchaam erg toe gaat
Eternity [Ewa or even (right)] is another symbol of Wr-alda['s ghost],
who [that] remains always just and unchangeable [undisturbed or calm]
[even when its body is shaken badly?]

7. [033/02] Skriftum Minno's
IS THÉR ENG KWÁD DÉN
HWÉRVR NÉN ÉWA TAVLIKT SEND
SA MOT MÀN ÉNE MÉNA ACHT BILIDSA
THÉR ORDÉLTH MÀN NÉI THA SIN
THÉR WR.ALDA.S GÁST AN VS KÉTH
VMBE OVER ELLA RJUCHT.FÉRDICH TO BIRJUCHTANDE
[O+S p.49]
Is er eenig kwaad bedreven,
waaromtrent geene wetten gemaakt zijn,
zoo moet men eene algemeene vergadering beleggen,
daar oordeelt men naar den zin,
dien Wraldas geest in ons spreekt,
om over alles rechtvaardig te oordeelen
If any crime is committed
respecting which no law has been made,
a general assembly of the people shall be called,
where judgment shall be pronounced
in accordance with the inspiration of Wr-alda's spirit
[or: there one decides in the way
that Wralda's ghost speaks to us,
to judge right over all]

8. [035/23] Skriftum Minno's ~ 2
MEN IK NE KÀN NÉNE GODA THÉR ÀRG.DVANDE SEND.
THÉRVMBE NE KAN IK NAVT FRÉJA JEF HJA BETER WRDA WILLA.
IK KÀN ÉN GODE. THÀT IS WRALDAS GÁST.
MEN THRVCH THAM ER GOD IS. DVATH.ER ÁK NEN KWÁD
[O+S p.51]
maar ik ken geene goden [of: goeden] die kwaaddoende zijn,
daarom kan ik niet vragen of zij beter willen worden.
Ik ken slechts een goede, dat is Wralda’s geest,
maar omdat hij goed is, doet hij ook geen kwaad
[but] I know no gods [or: good ones] that do evil,
therefore I cannot ask them to do [if they want to become] better.
I only know one good spirit, that is Wr-alda's [spirit];
and [but] as he is good he never does evil

9. [045/21] about the Jol-signs
WY MÜGON WRALDA ÉVG THANK TOWYA
THÀT HI SIN GÁST SA HERDE.
INVR VSA ÉTHLA HETH FÁRA LÉTN
[O+S p.65]
Wij mogen Wralda eeuwig dank wijden,
dat hij zijn geest zoo krachtig
over onze voorvaderen heeft laten varen
We may be eternally thankful to Wr-alda
that he allowed his spirit to exercise
such an influence over our forefathers
[or: to sail so strongly in our elders]

10. [052/02] Arrival of the Magjara
FORTH NE SEND HJA NAVT TO BINYDANE.
HWAND HJA SEND SLÁVONA FON THA PRESTERUM
ÀND JETA FÜL ÀRGER FON HJARA MÉNINGA.
HJA MÉNATH THAT ELLA FVL KVADA GÁSTON IS.
THÉR INDA MÀNNISKA ÀND DJARA GLUPPE.
MEN FON WR.ALDA.S GÁST NÉTON HJA NAWET
[O+S p.73]
Voorts zijn zij niet te benijden,
want zij zijn slaven van hunne [de] priesters,
maar [en] nog veel meer [erger] van hunne meeningen.
Zij meenen, dat alles vol is van booze [kwade] geesten [is],
die in de menschen en dieren sluipen;
maar van Wraldas geest weten zij niets
But still [furthermore] they are not to be envied,
because they are slaves to their priests,
and still more [worse] to their creeds.
They believe that evil spirits abound everywhere,
and enter [that sneak] into men [people] and beasts [animals],
but of Wr-alda's spirit they know nothing

11. [052/] Arrival of the Magjara
THA MÁGJARA TELLATH
THAT HJA THA ÀRGE GÁSTON BANNA ÀND VRBANNA MÜGON.
THÉR.VR IS.T FOLK ÔLAN IN ANGE FRÉSE
ÀND VPPERA WÉSA NIS NINMER NÉN BLÍDSKIP TO BISJAN
[O+S p.75]
De Magyaren verhalen [vertellen],
dat zij de booze [erge] geesten kunnen bannen en verbannen,
daarover is het volk steeds in bange vrees,
en op hun gelaat [wezen] is nimmer vrolijkheid [blijdschap] te zien
The Magyars affirm
that they can exorcise and recall the evil spirits,
and this frightens the people,
[because of this, the people always live in terrible fear]
so that you never see a cheerful face
[or: and on their faces joy is never to be seen]

12. [054/20] History of Wodin
THENE MÁGÍ HETH FÜL RIKDOM.
MEN HI HETH SJAN
THAT FRYA WELDIGER IS
AS AL VSA GÁSTON ET SÉMINE
[O+S p.77]
De Magy heeft vele rijkdommen [enkelvoud],
maar hij heeft gezien,
dat Frya veel machtiger is
als alle onze geesten te zamen
The Magy possesses great riches,
but he has seen
that Frya is much more powerful
than all our spirits together

13. [055/18] History of Wodin
ÀFTENÉI WÀRTH.I MITH KRÚDON BIRÉKAD.
MEN THÉR WÉRON TAWER.KRÚDON MONG.
HWAND WODIN WARTH BI GRÁDUM ALSA SÉR VRMÉTEN.
THAT.I FRYA ÀND WR.ALDAS GÁST MIS.KÀNA ÀND SPOTA THVRADE.
THAWÍLA HI SIN FRYA HALS BOG
TOFARA FALSKA DROCHTEN.LIKANDE BYLDUM
[O+S p.79]
Daarop werd hij met kruiden berookt,
doch er waren tooverkruiden onder;
want Wodin werd trapsgewijze zoo zeer vermetel,
dat hij Frya en Wraldas geest durfde miskennen en bespotten,
terwijl hij zijn vrije hals boog
voor de valsche gedrochtelijke [of: afgoden-gelijkende] beelden
Whereupon he was incensed with herbs;
but they [some of them] were magic herbs,
and [as Wodin] by degrees he became so audacious
that he dared to disavow and ridicule [Frya and] the spirits of Frya and Wr-alda,
while he bent his free head
before the false and deceitful images [of idols]

14. [059/28] History of Tunis and Inka
THI GRÉVA.MAN FON WEST.FLÍ.LAND.
WÀRTH THRVCH AL THESSA THINGA BIGÁSTERET
[O+S p.83]
De grevetman [of: graaf] van Westflyland
werd door al deze dingen verrukt [of: begeesterd]
which so enchanted the Grevetman of Westflyland
[or: the reeve of Westflyland
was inspired by all these things]

15. [065/05] Kalta and Minerva
MEN THAT VRDRVNKEN FOLK WAS ALTHUS DÉNERA BIGÁSTERED
THAT.ET VR SIN RÉDE NAVT MOCHT TO WÁKANE
[O+S p.91]
maar het beschonken volk was zoo opgewonden [of: begeesterd],
dat het over zijne rede niet vermocht te waken
but the drunken people were so excited [or: inspired]
that they did not stop to weigh what they had heard
[or: that they could not watch over their reason]

16. [072/16] About the Gertmanna
MEN WI NILDON MIN.ERVA NAVT AS ÉNE GODENE NAVT BIKÀNNA
NÉIDAN HJA SELVA SEID HÉDE
THAT NIMMAN GOD JEFTA FVLKVMA WÉSA NE KVNDE
THÀN WR.ALDA.S. GÁST
[O+S p.101]
Maar wij wilden Minerva niet als eene Godin [of: Goede, Volkomene] erkennen,
naardien zij zelve ons gezegd had,
dat niemand goed of volkomen kon wezen,
als Wraldas geest
But we would not recognise Min-erva as a goddess [or: good-one, perfect-one],
because she herself had told us
that no one could be perfectly good [or perfect]
except the spirit of Wr-alda

17. [073/06] About the Gertmanna
AN ÉGIPTALANDA THÉR WÉRE EN OVER.PRESTER.
HEL FON ÁGNUM. KLÁR FON BRYN ÀND LICHT FON GÁST.
SIN NÁM WÉRE SÉKROPS
[O+S p.103]
een Egyptenaar die een overpriester was,
helder van oogen, klaar van brein, en verlicht van geest,
zijn naam was Cecrops
an Egyptian [who was a] high priest,
bright of eye, clear of brain, and enlightened of mind [or: light of spirit],
whose name was Cecrops

18. [078/05] Ulysus' scribe about Athenja
ALSA NÁKA THÉR JETA.N STRÉL FON FRYA.S GÁST WELDANDE WÉRE
WÀRTH AL ET BVW.SPUL TO MÉNA WERKA FORWROCHTEN
ÀND NIMMÀN NE MACHT EN HUS TO BVWANDE
THÀT RUMER ÀND RIKKER WÉRE AS THÀT SINRA NÉSTUM
[O+S p.109]
Alzoo lang er nog een straal van Fryas geest opwelde [heersend was],
werd al de bouwstof tot gemeene werken verarbeid,
en niemand mocht een huis bouwen,
dat ruimer en rijker was als dat van zijn buurman [naasten]
As long as a ray of Frya's spirit existed [ruled],
all the building materials were for common use,
and no one might build a house
larger or better [richer] than [that of] his neighbours [or: next-ones]

19. [098/12] Form-lere (first, oldest or formal learning or doctrine)
WR.ALDA IS OVERAL AINWARDICH.
MEN NARNE TO BISJA.
THÉRVMBE WÀRTH HETH WÉSA GÁST HÉTEN
[O+S p.137]
Wralda is overal tegenwoordig [of: eigenwaardig],
maar nergens te aanschouwen [of: bezien],
daarom wordt dit wezen geest genoemd
Wr-alda is omnipresent [litt: over-all ownworthy]
but invisible [litt: nowhere to be seen],
and therefore [the being] is called a spirit [or: ghost]

20. [100/02] Other part of Form-ler
EMONG FINDA.S FOLK SEND WAN.WÍSA.
THÉR THRVCH HJARA OVER.FINDINGRIKHÉD AL SA ÀRG SEND EWERDEN
THÀT HJA HJARA SELVA WIS MÁKJA ÀND THA INEWIDA BITJUGA
THÀT HJA THET BESTA DÉL SEND FON WR.ALDA.
THET HJARA GÁST THET BESTE DÉL IS FON WR.ALDA.S GÁST
ÀND THET WR.ALDA ALLÉNA MÉI THÀNKJA THRVCH HELPE HJAR.IS BRYN
[O+S p.139]
Onder Findas volk zijn wanwijzen,
die door hunne overvindingrijkheid zoo boos [erg] zijn geworden,
dat zij zich zelven wijs maken en de ingewijden doen gelooven [of: betuigen],
dat zij het beste deel zijn van Wralda;
dat hun geest het beste deel is van Wralda’s geest,
en dat Wralda alleen kan denken door hulp van hun brein
Among Finda's people there are false teachers [or: pseudo-wise],
who, by their over-inventiveness, have hecome so wicked [or: bad]
that they make themselves and their adherents believe
that they are the best part of Wr-alda,
that their spirit is the best part of Wr-alda' s spirit,
and that Wr-alda can only think by the help of their brains

21. [100/16] Other part of Form-ler
WÉRE HJARA GÁST WR.ALDA.S GÁST
SÁ SKOLDE WR.ALDA ÉL DVM WÉSA
IN STÉDE FON LICHT AND WIS.
HWAND HJARA GÁST SLÁVTH HIM SELVA IMMER OF
VMBE SKÉNE BYLDA TO MÁKJANDE
THÉRY ÀFTERNÉI ANBID
[O+S p.139]
Ware hun geest Wraldas geest,
dan zoude Wralda heel dom wezen,
in plaats van verstandig en wijs.
Want hun geest slooft zich altijd af
om schoone beelden te maken,
die zij naderhand aanbid[t]den
If their spirit was Wr-alda's spirit,
then Wr-alda would be very stupid,
instead of being sensible and wise;
for their spirit labours [like a slave]
to create beautiful statues,
which they [it] afterwards worship[-s]

22. [101/31] Other part of Form-ler
HWAT THUS VSA OMME.FANG TREFT
ALSA SEND WY EN DÉL FON WRALDAS VNENDELIK WÉSA.
ALSA THA OMMEFANG FON AL ET SKÉPENE.
THACH HWAT ANGA VSA DÁNTE
VSA AINSKIPA VSA GÁST ÀND AL VSA BITHÀNKINGA
THISSA NE HÉRA NAVT TO THET WÉSA
[O+S p.141]
Wat dus onzen omvang betreft,
zoo zijn wij een deel van Wraldas oneindig wezen
als de omvang van al het geschapene.
Doch wat onze gedaante aangaat,
onze eigenschappen, onzen geest en al onze bedenkingen,
deze behooren niet tot het wezen
In what regards our existence,
we are a part of Wr-alda's everlasting [or: unending] being,
like the existence of all [that was] created beings;
but as regards our form,
our qualities, our spirit, and all our thoughts,
these do not belong to the being

23. [103/05] Other part of Form-ler
WY FRYA.S BERN SEND FORSKINSLA THRVCH WR.ALDA.S LÉVA.
BY T.ANFANG MIN ÀND BLÁT.
THACH IMMER WÀRTHANDE ÀND NÁKANDE TO FVLKVMENLIKHÉD,
SVNDER Á SA GOD TO WRDA AS WR.ALDA SELVA.
VSA GÁST NIS NAVT WR.ALDAS GÁST.
HI IS THÉRFON ALLÉNA EN AFSKINSLE
[O+S p.143]
wij Fryas kinderen zijn verschijnselen door Wraldas leven;
bij den aanvang gering [of: min] en bloot:
doch altijd wordende en naderende [of: nakende] tot volkomenheid,
zonder ooit zoo goed te worden als Wralda zelf.
Onze geest is niet Wralda’s geest,
hij is daarvan slechts een afschijnsel
We, Frya's children, exist through Wr-alda's life —
in the beginning mean and base [or: bare],
but always advancing towards perfection
without ever attaining the excellence of [or: becoming as good as] Wr-alda himself.
Our spirit is not Wr-alda's spirit,
it is merely a shadow [reflection] of it

24. [111/19] Apollanja's report
THJU BURCH.FÁM FON FOR.ÁNA SÉIDE MY.
THÀT THA BURCH.HÉRA DÉISTIK TO RÁ GUNGON.
VMBRA TO LÉRANDE. HWAT ÀFTE FRYDOM SÍ.
ÀND HO THA MÀNNISKA AN THÉRE MINNE AGON TO LÉVANE
VMBE SÉJEN TO WINNANDE FON WR.ALDA.S.GÁST
[O+S p.153]
De Burgtmaagd van Forana zeide mij,
dat de burgtheeren dagelijks tot hen gingen
om hun te leeren, wat echte vrijheid is,
en hoe de menschen in der minne behooren te leven
om zegen te erlangen [of: winnen] van Wraldas geest
The Burgtmaagd of Forana told me
that the burgtheeren go every day
to teach them what real freedom is,
and how it behoves men to live
in order to obtain the blessing of Wr-alda's spirit

25. [132/21] Frethorik about the Jonjar
HWERSA IMMAN EN BYLD MÁKATH
ÀFTER ÉNNEN VRSTURVEN ÀND THET LIKT
SÁ LÁWATH HJA
THÀT THENE GÁST THES VRSTURVENE THÉR INNE FÁRATH.
THÉRVR HÀVATH HJA ALLE BYLDA VRBURGEN.
FON FRYA. FÀSTA. MÉDÉA. THJANJA.
HELLÉNJA ÀND FÉLO ÔTHERA
[O+S p.181]
Wanneer iemand een beeld maakt
naar een afgestorvene en het gelijkt,
dan gelooven zij,
dat de geest des overledene daarin vaart.
Daarom hebben zij alle beelden verborgen
van Frya, Fâsta, Medea, Thiania,
Hellenia en vele andere
When they [someone] make[-s] a statue
of a dead person [and it's alike]
they believe
that the spirit of the departed enters into it;
therefore they have hidden their [all] statues
of Frya, Fâsta, Medea, Thiania,
Hellenia, and many others

26. [133/10] Frethorik about the Jonjar
ÔLON LÁWATH HJA AN BOSA GÁSTA.
HEXNA. KOLLA. ULDERMANKES. ÀND ELFUN
AS JEF HJA FON THA FINNA WEI KÉMEN
[O+S p.181]
Vervolgens gelooven zij aan booze geesten,
heksen, kollen, aardmannetjes en elfen,
alsof zij van de Finnen afstammen
Moreover, they believe in bad spirits [or: angry ghosts],
witches, sorcerers, dwarfs [or: trolls], and elves,
as if they descended from the Finns

27. [141/07] Dela a.k.a. Hellenja
THA SKILUN THA FALXA PRESTERA WÉI FÁGATH WERTHA FON JRTHA.
WR.ALDA HIS GÁST SKIL ALOMME ÀND ALLERWÉIKES ÉRATH ÀND BIHROPA WERTHA.
THA ÉWA THÉR WR.ALDA BI.T.ANFANG IN VS MOD LÉIDE
SKILUN ALLÉNA HÉRAD WERTHA
[O+S p.191]
Dan zullen de valsche priesters weggevaagd worden van de aarde;
Wraldas geest zal alom en allerwege geëerd en aangeroepen worden;
de wetten die Wralda bij den aanvang in ons gemoed legde,
zullen alleen gehoord worden
Then the false priests shall be swept away from the earth.
Wr-alda's spirit shall be invoked [and honoured] everywhere and always;
the laws that Wr-alda in the beginning instilled into our consciences
shall alone be listened to

28. [142/14] Gosa's prophecy
THJUSTRENESSE SKIL HJU IN OVERNE GÁST THÉRA MÀNNISKA SPRÉDA
LIK TONGAR.IS WOLKA OVIRET SVNNE LJUCHT
[O+S p.193]
Duisternis zal hij over den geest der menschen spreiden,
gelijk onweers [donder]wolken over het zonnelicht
It will spread darkness over the minds of men [spirits of the people]
like storm- [thunder-]clouds over the sunlight

######

The adjective "FRY" or "FRYA"

Dutch - vrij
German - frei
English - free

1. [002/03] Adela's read
FRYA HETH SÉIT WI NE SKOLDON NÉN VNFRYA LJVD BY VS TOLÉTA
[O+S p.5]
Frya heeft gezegd: wij moesten geene onvrije lieden bij ons toelaten
Frya has said we must [should] not admit [unfree people] amongst us any but free people

2. [002/16] Adela's read
THISSA WAXTON VPPA MITH VSA FRYA BÀRN
[O+S p.7]
deze groeiden op met onze vrije kinderen
These grew up with our free children

3. [011/14] Tex Frya's
HELD BÉID THA FRYA
[O+S p.19]
Heil verbeidt de vrijen
Prosperity awaitsv[or: hail, health to] the free

4. [026/14] Rights to be secure
MÀN LÉRTH HJA VSA FRYA SÉDE
[O+S p.39]
[M]en leert hen onze vrije zeden
that they may [One] learn[-s them] our free customs

5. [030/06] Notes of Minno
TIL THJU WI NAVT AN TWIST NE KVME NE MÜGE
VR SÉKA. STRIDANDE WITH VSA FRYA SÉDUM.
[O+S p.45]
opdat wij niet in twist mogen komen
over zaken strijdende met onze vrije zeden
in order that we may not come into disputes
about matters foreign to [conflicting with] our free customs

6. [033/18] Notes of Minno
TO THA LESTA KLÀPPATH HJA SLÁVONA.BANDA
OM JAHWELIKES FRYA HALS
[O+S p.49]
ten laatste sluiten zij slavenbanden
om een ieders vrijen hals
at last [they] throw the bonds of slavery
over every freeman's [free] neck

7. [055/23] History of Wodin
THAWÍLA HI SIN FRYA HALS BOG
TOFARA FALSKA DROCHTEN.LIKANDE BYLDUM
[O+S p.79]
terwijl hij zijn vrije hals boog
voor de valsche gedrochtelijke [of: afgoden-gelijkende] beelden
while he bent his free [neck] head
before the false and deceitful images [of idols]

8. [073/32] About the Gertmanna
HJU MACHTE FRYA UTTOCHTE HÁ
[O+S p.103]
zij mocht vrijen uittocht hebben
offering her [she could have] free exit

9. [190/18] Rika's letter
TILTHJU HJA TO.RA DOL KVMA MACHTE
ALSA HÀVON HJA THET FORMA NAVT FVLDÉN WÉST
MITH THA FRYA JEFTA
MEN HÀVON HJA THÀT FOLK ÉNE TINS VPLÉID
[O+S p.231]
Opdat zij tot hun doel mochten komen,
zoo zijn zij in het eerst niet voldaan geweest
met de vrije giften,
maar hebben het volk eene schatting opgelegd
In order to attain their object [or: reach their goal]
they were [initially] not satisfied from the beginning
with [the] free [or: voluntary] gifts,
but imposed a tax upon the people

10. [204/13] Anonymous about Swarte Adel
BY THA TWISK.LANDAR HÉDE HJU HJARA SELVA AS MODER ÚTJÁN
ÀND SÉID THÀT HJA MOCHTON
AS FRY ÀND FRANKA MÀNNISKA WITHER KVMA
[O+S p.245]
Bij de Twisklanders had zij zich zelve voor Moeder uitgegeven,
en gezegd, dat zij mochten
als vrije en franke menschen terugkomen
Among the Twisklanders she gave herself out for a mother,
and said that they might return
as free and true [?] people

11. [208/14] Anonymous about Swarte Adel
THÀT ÁSKAR THÚSAND MEL MÁRA FRYA MÀNNISKA
ÚT SINA STÁTUM HULPEN HETH
AS.ER VVLA SLÁVONA INBROCHTE
[O+S p.251]
dat Askar duizendmaal meer vrije menschen
uit zijne staten geholpen heeft,
als hij er vuile slaven in bracht
that Askar had helped out of his states
a thousand times more free-men [people]
than he had brought dirty [or: foul] slaves in

12. [209/12] Anonymous about Swarte Adel
HJA WÉRON FRYA MÀNNISKA BILÉWEN
[O+S p.251]
zij waren vrije menschen gebleven
They had remained free [people]

######

The verb "FINDA"

A study of the meaning of the name FINDA, from the second mother of the creation myth.

Dutch - vinden
German - finden
Danish - find
Norwegian - finner
English - to find
Icelandic - Finna

1. [004/12] Adela's read
FORTH SKOLD.IK RÉDA
J MOSTE NÉI THA BURGUM GÁ.
ÀND THÉR VPSKRÍWA ALLE ÉWA. FRYA.S TEX.
BIJVNKA ALLE SKÍDNISA.
JÁ ELLA THÀT.ER TO FINDA SÍ. VPPA WÁGUM.
TIL THJU ELLA NAVT VRLÊREN NI GÁ
ÀND MITH.A BURGUM ALSA VRDÉN NAVT NE WERTH
[O+S p.9]
Voorts zoude ik aanraden,
gij moest naar de burgten gaan
en daar opschrijven alle wetten van [en] Fryas tex,
benevens alle geschiedenissen,
ja alles wat er te vinden is op de wanden,
opdat die alle niet verloren gaan,
en met de burgten tevens niet worde vernield
I should farther recommend
that you should visit all the citadels,
and write down all the laws of [and] Frya's Tex,
as well as all the histories,
and all that is written [one can find] on the walls,
in order that it may not be [lost]
[and] destroyed with the citadels

2. [011/08] Ode to Frya
ÀND VMBE THAT ALLERA MANNALIK HJA SKOLDE MÜGA FINDA
HÀVATH HJA THÀT LAND RONDOMME TEX.LAND HÉTEN
[O+S p.19]
en omdat iedereen die zoude mogen vinden,
hebben zij het land daarom heen Texland geheeten
and that every one should be able to find it
they called the land about it Texland

3. [018/04] Burg-Ewa
ÀND FINDATH HJU THJU SÉKE TVIVELIK
SÂ MOT HJU TO BÁTE FON THÉR MÉNTE SPRÉKA
[O+S p.29]
en vindt zij de zaak twijfelachtig,
zoo moet zij ten bate der gemeente spreken
[left out by S.: and she finds the case to be doubtful,]
she must incline towards the side [speak in the benefit] of the community

4. [027/26] Stjurar-Ewa
JEF MÀN VPPE RÉIS BIFINTH
THÀT THENE KÉNING ÀRG JEFTA VNBIKVMMEN IS.
SÁ MÜGON HJA EN ÔRA NIMMA
[O+S p.41]
Als men op reis bevindt,
dat de koning slecht of onbekwaam is,
dan mogen zij een ander nemen
If [one finds out] during a voyage it is found
that the king is bad or incompetent,
[they may take] another may be put in his place

5. [030/28] Minno's notes
JEF WI VS VPPEN VRLANDISKA MÀRKT FINDA.
SY.ET HÉINDE JEFTHA FÉR
[O+S p.45]
zoo wij ons op eene buitenlandsche markt bevinden,
hetzij nabij of ver af
If we [...] [find ourselves on] a foreign market,
whether distant or near

6. [036/02] Minno on Minerva
WITH ALLE RAMPUM IS RÉD ÀND HELP TO FINDANDE
[O+S p.53]
voor alle rampen is raad en hulp te vinden
For all calamities there is counsel and remedy to be found

7. [080/12] Dena Marka lost
KREK HONDRED JÉR EFTERE DÉI THAT ET FORMA SKIP
MITH LIFTOCHTA FONA KÁD FÁREN WAS.
KÉM ERMODE ÀND LOK THRVCH THA ANDERNA BINNA.
HONGER SPRÉDA SINA WJVKA ÀND STRÉK VPPET LAND DEL.
TWISPALT HLIP STOLTE IN OVERE STRÉTA ÀND FORTH TO THA HÚSA IN.
LJAFDE NE KV NÉN STEK LÔNGER NAVT FINDA
ÀND ÉNDRACHT RUN ÉWÉI
[O+S p.111]
Juist [Krek] honderd jaar na [de dag] dat het eerste schip
met leeftocht van de kust in zee gestoken [kade gevaren] was,
kwam armoede en gebrek door de vensters binnen,
honger spreidde zijne wieken uit en streek op het land neder,
tweespalt liep trotsch over de straat, en voorts de huizen in,
liefde kon geen steun [stek] langer vinden,
en eendracht liep [rende] weg
Just [Correct] one hundred years after the first ship
with provisions sailed from the coast,
poverty and want made their appearance [entered through the windows],
hunger spread her wings all over the country [and descended on the land],
dissension marched proudly about the streets and into the houses,
charity found no [love could no longer find a] place,
and unity departed [ran away]

8. [087/28] Adelbrost
HIRA LERSTA WILLE WAS SOK ÀND NARNE TO FINDNE
[O+S p.123]
Haar uiterste wil was weg en nergens te vinden
her [last] will was [lost and] nowhere to be found

9. [099/10] Formlearn
ÀND THÉR NIS NÉNE WISHÉD TO FINDANDE NER TO GARJANDE BUTA THAM
[O+S p.137]
en er is geen wijsheid te vinden, noch te vergaderen buiten die
nor is [there] any wisdom to be found or gathered but in them

10. [100/03] Other part of Formlearn
OVER.FINDINGRIKHÉD
[O+S p.139]
overvindingrijkheid
over-inventiveness [litterally: over-findingrichness]

11. [107/06] Apollanja's burg
IN VPPA THÉRE SÚDERWACH IS THÉNE TEX WRYTEN.
AN THA FÉRE SÍDE THÉRA FINTH MÀN THJU FORM.LÉRE.
ANNA WINSTERE SÍDE THA ÉWA.
THA ORA SÉKA FINTH MÀN VPPA ÔRA THRJA
[O+S p.147]
Op de zuiderwand is de Tex gegrift.
Aan de rechterzijde van deze vindt men de formleer;
aan de linkerzijde de wetten.
De andere zaken vindt men op de drie andere zijden
On the south wall the Tex is inscribed.
On the right side of this are [one finds] the formulae,
and on the other [left] side the laws;
the other things are found upon the three other sides

12. [118/02] Frethorik on Gosa
KÀNST ÉN ÀND ÔR TOBEK FORA NÉI HJRA LÁNDUM
THÀN ÁCHSTE SPOD TO MÁKJANDE.
OWERS NE SKILUN HJA HJARA MÁGA NAVT WITHER NE FINDA
[O+S p.163]
**** gij een en ander terug voeren naar hunne landen,
dan behoort gij spoed te maken,
anders zullen zij hunne bloedverwanten niet weder vinden
Can you send them all [one and other] back to their country [lands]?
If so, then lose no time [or: then you should make speed],
or they will [not] find no [back their] relatives alive

13. [120/16] Ljudgert's daybook
THA HWILA VSA SÉKÀMPAR
ALLE SÉA BIFÁREN HÉDE
THÉR TO FINDANE
[O+S p.165]
terwijl onze zee[kampers]strijders
alle zeeën bevoeren [bevaren hadden],
die er [daar] te vinden waren
whilst our naval warriors
were navigating [had navigated] all the seas
they could find [there to be found]

14. [141/04] Prophecy of Dela a.k.a. Hellenja
FINDA.S FOLK SKIL SINA FINDINGRIKHÉD
TO MÉMA NITHA WENDA.
THÀT LYDA.S FOLK SINA KRÀFTA ÀND WI VSA WISDOM
[O+S p.191]
Findas volk zal zijne vindingrijkheid
ten gemeenen nutte aanwenden,
en Lydas volk zijne krachten, en wij onze wijsheid
Finda's folk shall contribute their industry [litt. 'findingrichness', see #10]
to the common good,
Linda's folk their strength, and we our wisdom

15. [158/11] Gosa's read
THÁ WR.ALDA BERN JEF ANTHA MODERA FON THÀT MÀNNISKELIK SLACHTE
THÁ LÉIDER ÉNE TÁLE IN ALLER TONGA ÀND VP ALLER LIPPA.
THJUS MÉIDE HÉDE WR.ALDA ANTHA MÀNNISKA JÉVEN.
TIL THJU HJA MÀNLIK ÔTHERA THÉRMITH MACHTE KÀNBÉR MÁKJA.
HWAT MÀN FORMÍDE MOT ÀND HWAT MÀN BIJAGJA MOT
VMBE SÉLIGHÉD TO FINDANE ÀND SÉLIGHÉD TO HALDANE IN AL ÉVGHÉD
[O+S p.215]
Toen Wralda kinderen gaf aan de moeders van het menschelijk geslacht,
toen legde hij ééne taal in aller tongen en op aller lippen.
Dit geschenk had Wralda aan de menschen gegeven,
opdat zij elkander daarmede mochten kenbaar maken,
wat men vermijden moet en wat men najagen moet
om zaligheid te vinden en zaligheid te houden in alle eeuwigheid
When Wr-alda gave children to the mothers of mankind,
he gave one language to every tongue and to all lips.
This gift Wr-alda had bestowed upon men
in order that by its means they might make known to each other
what must be avoided and what must be followed
to find salvation, and to hold salvation to all eternity

16. [167/18] Ljudgert the Gertman's letter
KVMTH MAN ÉL WEST.LIK FON PANG.AB
THEN FINTH MAN NEFFEN FETTE ETTA ÁK DORRA GÉST.LANDA
THÉR VN.ENDLIK SKINA
BIHWILA OFWIXLATH MITH LJAFLIKA STRÉKA
HWÉRAN THET ÁG FORBONDEN BILÍWET
[O+S p.225]
Komt men heel westelijk van Pangab,
dan vindt men nevens vetten kleigrond ook dorre geestlanden,
die eindeloos schijnen,
bij wijlen afgewisseld met liefelijke streken,
waaraan het oog geboeid blijft
To the extreme west of the Punjab
there is found rich clay land as well as barren heaths,
which seem endless,
occasionally varied lovely spots
on which the eye rests enchanted

17. [189/21] Rika's letter
ÁK WIVA THER HJARA BERN MÀMA LÉTA AN HJARA BROSTA
WERTHAT FÉDSTRA HÉTEN.
THÁ NE JÉF VVR.ALDA THÉR NÉN MELOK IN
SA NE SKOLDON THA BERN THÉR NÉNE BÁTE BY FINDA.
SÁ THÀT BÍ SLOT FON REKNONG
VVR.ALDA ALLÉNA FÉDER BILÍWET
[O+S p.229]
Ook vrouwen, die hare kinderen zogen aan hare borsten,
worden voedsters genoemd.
Doch gaf Wralda daar geene melk in,
zoo zouden de kinderen daar geen baat bij vinden.
Zoodat bij slot van rekening
Wralda alleen de voeder blijft
[also] Women who nourish their children at their breasts
are called nurses [litt. feedsters],
but if Wr-alda did not give them milk [in there]
the children would find no advantage;
so that, in short [at the end of the calculation],
Wr-alda really is the nourisher [alone stays feeder] ( * )

( * ) this word later evolved into father, but was initially genderless.

######

The verb "LYDA"

A study of the meaning of the name LYDA in OLB.

Dutch - lijden
German - Leiden
Swedish - lidande
Danish, Norwegian- lidelse
English - to suffer

1. [011/31] tex Frya's
J HÀWED SJAN HO RING IK HELPE LÉNDE.
DVA AL ÉN MITH JO NÉSTON.
MEN NE TOF NAVT TIL MÀN JO BÉDEN HETH.
THA LYDANDE SKOLDE JO FLOKA
MIN FÁMNA SKOLDUN JVWA NÁMA UFFÁGA UT.ÀT BOK
ÀND IK SKOLDE JO LIK VNBIKÀNNADE OFWISA MOTA
[O+S p.21]
Gij hebt gezien, hoe spoedig ik hulp verleende.
Doe al eender met uwen naaste;
maar en toef niet tot dat men u gebeden heeft;
de ulijdende zoude u vloeken,
mijne maagden [fammen] zouden uwen naam uitwisschen uit het boek
en ik zoude u als een onbekende moeten afwijzen
You have seen how speedily I have come to your assistance [offered help].
Do likewise to your neighbour [or: next ones],
but wait not for his entreaties [act not til one has asked you].
The suffering would curse you,
my maidens would erase your name from the book,
and I would regard [have to reject] you as [like] a stranger [litt. unknown]

2. [020/02] Mena Ewa ~ Common laws
EK THORP SKIL EN HÉM.RIK HÀVA NÉI SINA BIHOF
ÀND THÉNE GRÉVA SKIL NJVDA
THAT ALRA EK SIN DÉL BIDONGTH ÀND GOD HALD
TIL THJU THA ÀFTER.KVMANDE NÉN SKÀDA NAVT NE LYDA NE MVGE
[O+S p.31]
Elk dorp zal een hemrik hebben naar zijne behoefte
en de graaf zal hoeden
dat elk zijn deel bemest en goed houdt,
opdat de nakomelingen geene schade lijden mogen
Every village shall possess a common [?] for the general good [its need],
and the chief of the village [reeve] shall take care
that it is kept in good order [each fertilises his part and keeps it good],
so that posterity shall find it uninjured [the aftercoming may suffer no damage]

3. [050/07] Arge Tid ~ bad times
THRJU JÉR WAS JRTHA ALSA TO LYDANDE
MEN THÁ HJU BÉTER WÉRE
MACHT MÀN HJRA VVNDA SJA
[O+S p.71]
Drie jaren was de aarde zoo lijdende,
maar toen zij herstelde,
kon men hare wouden [wonden] zien
During three years this continued [Earth was suffering],
but at length it ceased [when she got better],
and forests [her wounds] became visible

4. [135/27] Dela/ Hellenja
MEN THA LÀFA SKIN.FRÁNA PRESTARA NE MACHTON THÀT NAVT NE LYDA
[O+S p.185]
Maar de laffe schijnvrome priesters konden dat niet dulden [lijden]
but the cowardly hypocritical priests could not suffer this

5. [139/15] Jes-us of Kasamir
VRMITES HJA WISTON THÀT JES.US
ÀJEN THA RIKA TO FJELDA TÁGEN HÉDE.
SÁ KÉTHON HJA ALLERWÉIKES
THAT ÀRMODE HÁ. ÀND ÉNFALD SÁ.
THJU DÜRE WÉRE VMBE IN SIN RIK TO KVMANE.
THÀT THÉRA THÉR HÍR VP IRTHA THÀT MÁSTE LÉDEN HÉDE.
NÉIMELS THA MÁSTA NOCHTA HÀVA SKOLDE
[O+S p.189]
Vermits zij wisten dat Jessos [Jes-us]
tegen de rijken was te velde getrokken,
verkondigden zij allerwegen,
dat armoede lijden [hebben] en eenvoudig zijn
de deur was om in zijn rijk te komen,
dat degene die [hier] op aarde het meeste geleden hadden,
hier namaals de meeste vreugde [geneugten] hebben zouden
Because they knew that he [Jes-us]
was [had been] opposed to the rich,
they announced everywhere
that [having] poverty, suffering, and humility [being simple]
were the door by which to enter into his kingdom [empire],
and that those who had suffered the most [here] on earth
should [afterwards have the most pleasures] enjoy the greatest happiness there

6. [153/04] Konered on Friso
FRISO SÉITH THAT.ER NÉNE PRESTERA
NER POPPA FORSTA LÍDE NE MÉI.
MEN IK SEG.
HI NE MÉI NIMMAN LÍDA AS HIM SELVA
[O+S p.207]
Friso zegt dat hij geene priesteren
noch vreemde vorsten lijden mag,
maar ik zeg,
hij mag niemand lijden dan hem zelven
Friso says he cannot suffer any priests
or foreign princes [litt. -firsts],
but we [*I*] say
that he cannot suffer anybody but himself

7. [166/08] Ljudgert de Gertman's letter
BUTA ÀND BIHALVA THET THA LJUDA
THÉR FÜL FON HJARA FORSTA LYDA.
MOTON HJA ÁK NOCH FÜL
FON THET FENÍNIGE ÀND WILDE KWIK LYDA
[O+S p.225]
Buiten en behalve dat de menschen [luiden]
daar veel van hunne vorsten lijden,
moeten zij ook nog veel
van het vergiftige [venijnige] en wilde gedierte lijden
Besides what [the fact that] the people
suffer [much there] from their princes [or: kings],
they [also] suffer a great deal [much]
from [the] poisonous and wild beasts