The R in LERST ~ late - later - (at) last

source: dialect-vertaler at mijnwoordenboek.nl

The R in the word for last: LERST(-A/-E), which appears 9 times in the OLB, can be a strong argument in favour of its authenticity. Old-Frisian dictionaries of the 19th century (and probably newer ones as well) only list "lest" without an R. (See examples Richthofen and Köbler below.)

As far as I know, "lerst" - with R - appears only once in Richthofen's voluminous (600+ pages) "Friesische Rechtsquellen" (1840), on p.235, Emsiger §26:

Tha lerste, huasa lath werth wr marar anda wr merca...

How likely is it that the supposed hoaxers would have been inspired by this single exception, when they ignored so many more easily usable words and expressions from the known dictionaries? For example, Richthofen's dictionary has several examples of expressions with "lest", which were not used in OLB (only 'to tha lesta'?).

Richthofen (1840):

let (...) 3) im superl. letzte:
'thi blata is lethast alra nata' R. 122,1;
'sterue thet leste' (der kinder) R. 116,5;
'alsa ist al to there lesta' (weihe) R. 125,17;
'then lesten thredden del' E. 210,33;
'hi selua (schwöre) thine forma and thine lesta' (von 12 eiden) H. 54,15;
'dioe feste hetene' W. 394, 22;
'dina lesta ferdban' W. 436,27;
'thi lesta willa (der letzte wille) thera foreferena' 149,17;
'thene lesta dei' B. 155,3. 175,7;
'oppa thene lesta ende' (lebensende) B. 176,9. E. 188,21;
'op syn lesta tiid' W. 105,15;
'oen da lesta einde' W. 425,18. 433,17;
'aller lest' (zu aller letzt) W. 399,12;
'uppa leste' (zuletzt) H. 354,23;
'to tha lesta' H. 352,27.
Aus dem positiv let (piger, segnis, tardus), ahd. laz, alts. lat, ags. laet, isl. latr, neufr. let Epk. 265, entspringt der comparat. leter (tardior, posterior), ahd. lezzer, alts. lator, ags. lator, laetr, und superl. letast (tardissimus, ultimus), ahd. lezzest, ags. latost. Für letast erscheint fries. gewöhnlich die gekürzte form lest, saterl. und neufr lest Het. 242 und Epk. 265, wie im alts. last, lazt, lezt. Hierüber und dass im hd. allmählig der compar. lezzer in dem sinne von pigrior erstarrte, und seitdem eine neue form letzterer für ulterior gebildet wurde, s. Grimm 3, 612. 613. 621. Compos. tolesta. 

Köbler (2014):
lest (1), le-st, afries., Adj. (Superl.): nhd. letzte; ne. last (Adj.); Vw.: s. end-e-; Hw.: vgl. anfrk. letist, ahd. lezzisto*; E.: s. le-t; W.: nfries. lest, Adj. (Superl.), letzte; W.: saterl. lest, Adj. (Superl.), letzte


Below all OLB-fragments are listed with
1) LÉT (late),
2) LÉTER, LÉTTER(E), LÉTAR (later),
3) LEST(-E/-A/-EN), LERST(-E/-A) (last).
This is merely an initial inventory. Much more analysis can be done on it, for example if there is significant variety between the various authors/ texts.

Note: LEST is also used some times for trick/ruse (Dutch/German: List).

###

1) LÉT (2x)
late - English
laat - Dutch
let - Frisian

[082/13] Denmarks lost
ET WÉRE TO LÉT
it was too late

[095/16] Brunno
THACH TO LÉT
too late though

###

2) LÉTER, LÉTTER(E), LÉTAR
later - English, Dutch
letter - Frisian

LÉTER - 6x
LÉTTER - 2x
LÉTTERE - 1x
LÉTAR - 1x

[061/01] Tunis and Inka
LIK VSA STJÛRAR LÉTER DÉN HÀVE
 like our steersmen have done later

[069/01] Jon
SÁ WI LÉTER HÉRDON
 as we heard later

[114/24] Frethorik
ACHT JÉR LÉTTER
eight years later

[115/04] id.
THRJU JÉR LÉTTER
 three years later

[117/29] id.
TJAN JÉR LÉTTERE
 ten years later

[130/19] Ljudgert
THRJA DÉGA LÉTER
three days later

[141/21] Dela
THUSAND JÉR LÉTER
 thousand years later

[201/25] Askar
HWÁNATH HI LÉTER ÛTGVNG
 whence he later went out

[205/12] id.
EN JÉR LÉTER
one year later

[209/01] id.
LÉTAR HÀVON HJA
later they have

NB! (also used for 'later' are: ÀFTER and FORTHER)

###

3) LEST(-E/-A/-EN), LERST(-E/-A)

last - English
laatst(e) - Dutch
letzt(e) - German
lêst(e) - Frisian

LEST - 1x (ET LEST)*
LESTE - 1x (ET LESTE)
LESTA - 27x (TO THA LESTA - 17x, TO LESTA - 5x, TO THÀT LESTA - 1x, TO LÔNGE LESTA - 3x, ALONT THA LESTA - 1x)*
LESTEN -1x (TO LESTEN)
total: 30x

*4x LEST for trick/ ruse; 2x LESTA for idem plural)

LERST - 1x
LERSTA - 8x (TO THA LERSTA - 5x, TO LERSTA - 1x, TO LONGA LERSTA - 1x, THA LERSTA - 1x)
LERSTE - 5x (always used as normal adjective)
total: 14x

(NB: also used: ENDLIK for finally)

###

[001/16] Adela's speech
TO THA LESTA FRÉGE ÁDELA THÀT WIRD
finally Adela asked 'the word' (to speak)

[010/28] ode to Frya
TO THA LESTA SPRÀK TÒNGAR UT.A WÒLKA
in the end thunder spoke from the clouds

[011/14] Frya's Tex
TO THA LESTA SKILUN HJA MY HWITHER.SJA
in the end they shall see me again

[021/07] general laws
ÀND TO THA LESTA HJARA SELVA
and in the end themselves

[024/13] laws of mother and kings
ALONT THA LESTA
until the last

[033/19] Minno
TO THA LESTA KLÀPPATH HJA SLÁVONA.BANDA
in the end they clamp slave-shackles

[037/22] id.
TO LESTA LIK THA BARGA
in the end like the pigs

[039/06] id.
KÉMON WI TO THA LESTA
at last we came

[039/11] id.
ALSA.K ET LEST (...) WANDELDE
so in the end I traded

[058/19] Tunis and Inka: burg Stavre, Waraburg
TO THA LESTA KÉMON HJA
at last they came

[059/12] id.
GVNG TO LERSTA ELLA GOD
at last all went well

[062/30] burg Walhallagara
TO THA LESTA KÉMON ALLE STJÛRAR
at last all steersmen came

[064/12] id.
INNA LERSTE TÍD
'in the last time' (lately)

[065/03] id.
THI LERSTE WORDA
the last words

[068/15] id.
TO THÀT LESTA. LIK EN BUHL
in the end like a bull

[068/29] burg Texland
TO THA LESTA KÉMON HJA
at last they came

[069/11] id.
TO LESTEN KÉMON HJA
at last they came

[073/02] Gértmanna
TO THA LESTA FÍLON HJA
in the end they fell

[074/20] id.
ET LESTE LÁNDON HJA
they finally landed

[075/31] Fryasburg
AS ER TO LESTA SA
as he finally saw

[076/07] id.
HETHER TO LESTA (...) KRÉJEN
in the end he (has) received

[077/16] id.
THAT ER TO LÔNGE LESTA
that he at long last

[077/24] id.
TO LESTA ALLÉNA INTHA LANDIS TAL
in the end only in the language of the land

[080/06] Denmarks lost; on all burgs
TO LÔNGA LESTA BROCHTON HJA
at long last they brought

[083/18] id.
TO LÔNGA LESTA ÉPENDE HJU
at long last she opened

[084/19] id.
TO THA LESTA SKIL THAT FENINIGE KWIK
in the end the poisonous animals shall

[086/07] id.
AS ER TO LESTA EN SKIP
when at last a ship

In letzter Minute (1939)

[087/28] Adelbrost
HIRA LERSTE WILLE
her last will (testament)

[093/19] Brunno
NÉI THÉRE LERSTE ACHT
after the last assembly

[105/07] Trást
TO THA LESTA HÀVON HJA
at last they have

[110/17] Apollanja
TO THA LERSTA KÉMON WI
lastly we came

[118/17] Frethorik
TIL ER TO THA LESTA
until in the end

[123/31] id.
THO THA LESTA KÉM.ER
at last he came

[132/12] id.
THÉR LERST KVMA MOSTA
that must come last

[134/18] Wiljo
THA LERSTE WILLE
the last will (testament)

[138/15] Dela
TO THA LERSTA MOST.ER FLUCHTA
in the end he had to flee

[139/08] id.
TO LONGA LERSTA SÉIDON HJA
at long last they said

[147/27] about Friso
TO THA LESTA BIJONDON THA SÉ.LANDAR
in the end the Sealander began

[148/30] about Friso
FRÉJE FRISO TO THA LESTA
finally Friso asked

[196/12] about Askar
TO THA LERSTA WARTH.ET
in the end it became

[199/15] id.
FON THA LERSTA KÉMON TO THA LERSTA EN ÉLE HÁPE
of the last a whole heap came in the end

[204/29] id.
TO THA LESTA WÀRTH HJU
in the end she became

[207/10] id.
THAT HJA TO THA LERSTA
that they in the end

BUDA, BÛDA / WINDBÛDAR

Fragment of title page Arctica I (1665) J. Blaeu

BUDA, BÛDA (plur.: -R) ~ pouch, bag, purse

Varieties in modern and old languages:

I. Moillon (1614-1673) ~ Aeolus
gives the winds to Odysseus (fragment)

buidel - Dutch, Afrikaans
Beutel - German
budda (purse) - Icelandic
bûdel (skinfold) - Frisian

budel - Middle Dutch, Old Frisian
budil - Old Saxon
butil - Old High German
buil - archaic Dutch

Varieties in OLB:

BUDA - 1,3 (fragment nrs.)
BUDAR - 6
BÛDA - 4
BÛDAR - 2,5,7

OLB fragments (with improvised translations):

1 [044/08]
THRÉ MANNISKA THÉR EK EN BUDA KÉREN STÉLON
three men who each stole a bag of corn

2 [049/14]
WIND RESTON IN SINA BÛDAR
WERTHRVCH RÉK ÀND STOM LIK SÉLA BOPPA HUS ÀND POLON STAND.
(see below!)
wind rested in its bags
causing smoke and steam to stand like pillars over house and pools

Winds 'resting' in bags in Russian-Finnish film Sampo (1959)
based on Finnish folklore and mythology (Kalevala)

3 [126/26]
ANDA MODER SAND HI EN BUDA GOLD
to the mother he sent a bag of gold

4 [138/11]
SIN FRYASKA FRJUND HÉTE HIM BÛDA.
VMBE THAT HI IN SIN HÁVAD EN SKÀT FON WISDOM HÉDE
ÀND IN SIN HIRT EN SKÀT FON LJAVDE.
his Fryan friend called him Bûda (purse),
because he had a hoard of wisdom in his head
and in his heart a hoard of love

5 [150/31]
MITH RIKA KLÁDARUM KLÁTH ÀND JELD IN HJARA BÛDAR.
dressed in rich clothes and money in their purses

6 [151/16]
THÉR ALLE JELD INNA BUDAR HÉDE
who all had money in their purses

7 [166/07]
THET AL.ET JELD ENDLIK IN HJARA BÛDAR KVMTH
that all the money eventually comes in their purses

###

Th. van Thulden after F. Primaticcio (c.1632)
Aeolus gives Odyssey windbags (fragment)

Fragment four (Buddha) is obviously significant, but this post was inspired by fragment two (wind rested in its bags). The idea of windbags is known from Homer's Odyssey where the hero is given a bag with winds from Aeolus (beginning of book 10; the word used is ἀσκος - hide, skin, leather bag). Translation (1919):

"He gave me a wallet, made of the hide of an ox nine years old, which he flayed, and therein he bound the paths of the blustering winds;"

As far as I know, this was not noted until now. Ottema (1872) translated BÛDAR as holes (holen; copied by Overwijn and De Heer), so did Wirth (1933: Höhle; copied by Menkens) and Jensma (2006) assumed it was a pun on Dutch "windbuil" and translated as "builen". This word stems from "buidel", but "windbuidel" is only known to refer to a person who acts or speaks as if he is blown up (boaster). The German language has the same word "Windbeutel", but the meaning is somewhat different. It can mean a cream puff or an irresponsible, superficial person.

in Nederduitsch Taalkundig Woordenboek (1811) P. Weiland

I suppose these Dutch and German meanings are derived from something that originally was more literally connected to wind and this may very well have its reflection in the Greek story of Aeolus and in the OLB fragment.

###

(Added Nov. 2 as pointed out by FromFinland:)
The concept of windbags also appears in the Nordic saga of Thorstein Viking's Son. Translated from 14th century Icelandic (source/ original text):

"Now I will tell you, continued Ogautan, that I have a belg (skin-bag) called the weather-belg. If I shake it, storm and wind will blow out of it, together with such biting frost and cold that within three nights the lake shall be covered with so strong an ice that you may cross it on horseback if you wish. Said Jokul: Really you are a man of great cunning; and this is the only way of reaching the holm, for there are no ships before you get to the sea, and nobody can carry them so far. Hereupon Ogautan took his belg and shook it, and out of it there came so fearful a snowstorm and such biting frost that nobody could be out of doors. This was a thing of great wonder to all; and after three nights every water and fjord was frozen."

JFKJA ~ possible name meaning

~ ~ ~ for my son Ibe Alwin ~ ~ ~

[155/11]
THAHWILA A.DEL TO TEX.LÁND INNA LÉRE WÉRE.
WAS THÉR TEFTA EN ÉLLE LJAWE FÁM INVPPER BURCH.
HJU KÉM FONUT THA SAXANA.MARKUM WÉI.
FONUT.ÉRE STÁTHA THÉR IS KÉTHEN SVÔBA.LÁND
THÉRTHRVCH WÀRTH HJU TO TEX.LÁND SVÔBENE HÉTEN.
ÀFSKÉN HJRA NÔME JFKJA WÉRE.
(Sandbach, p.209)
While Adel was studying at Texland
there was a lovely maiden at the citadel.
She came from Saxenmarken,
from the state of Suobaland,
therefore she was called at Texland Suobene,
although her name was Ifkja.

OLB-words that end with -KJA are mostly verbs: WÁKJA, MÁKJA, BAKJA, LAKKJA, THÀNKJA, PLOKJA.

However, BUKJA [073/21] is a diminutive.

One verb ends with -TJA (WACHTJA) and so do several women's names: SYTJA, JALTJA, TÜNTJA, TUTJA, RÉINTJA

from: The herball
by John Gerard 1597

Many Westfrisian women's names are simply the diminutive from the male variant:

Jantje, Dirkje, Cornelisje, etc.

Ibe, IJf, Ivo, Ives, Uwe, etc. are man's names that are derived from a significant tree, the yew, which was famous for its strong and flexible wood - perfect for making bows - its long life (2000 year old trees are known) and both poison and medicine that can be made of it. (The red berries are edible, but NOT their seeds!)

Many scholars believe that the Yggdrasill from pre-Christian tradition must have been a yew. There must have been many more yews in Europe, but during wars many were cut for making weapons and since their growth is very slow, there are relatively few left. At the other hand, some of the oldest wooden artefacts were made from the yew tree.

One of the world's oldest surviving wooden artefacts is a Clactonian yew spear head, found in 1911 at Clacton-on-Sea, in Essex, UK. It is estimated to be about 450,000 years old.
[...]
In traditional Germanic paganism, Yggdrasill was often seen as a giant ash tree. Many scholars now agree that in the past an error has been made in the interpretation of the ancient writings, and that the tree is most likely a European yew (Taxus baccata). This mistake would find its origin in an alternative word for the yew tree in the Old Norse, namely needle ash (barraskr). In addition, ancient sources, including the Eddas, speak about a vetgrønster vida which means "evergreen tree". An ash sheds its leaves in the winter, while yew trees retain their needles. (source)

A female version of this name could then have been JFKJA or IFKJA. In Dutch, the name Yfke, Iefke or Iefkje is known.

(taxus baccata - binomial name)
yew - English
Eibe - German (old names: Iben-, Ifen-, Iwenbaum, Ybe, etc.)
ijf - Dutch (old spellings: iwa, ieve, hiewe, uwe)
yf - Afrikaans
if - French
ivin - Breton
ewin - Cornish
ive - Latvian
ýviður, ýr - Icelandic
yr, ir - Danish, Old-Norse
idegran - swedish
(barlind - norse)

Proof that ±2200 BCE flood was known

Update 15 Nov. 2020: This flood year (exactly 100 years off) was also used during the Batavian Revolution in a Dutch publication (1792) "De Lantaarn" by Pieter van Woensel.

4085-1792-1 (year zero) = 2292

— — — — — — — — — —

Proof that ±2200 BCE flood was known in Friesland long before OLB was first published

This has been discussed earlier in the forum. However, as there have been prominent Oera Linda researchers (i.c. German Harm Menkens* and Alewyn Raubenheimer**) who state that the authenticity of the texts can be established simply by the fact that there was indeed a cataclysm ca. 2200 BCE, here is once more a Frisian Almanac page (1836) that has the same year for the (Biblical) deluge.

* Die Oera-Linda-Handschriften ~ Die Frühgeschichte Europas (2013, Lühe-Verlag) and Der Kampf um die Echtheid der Oera-Linda-Handschriften von 1850 bis heute (Vortrag 13. September 2015; published by Lühe-Verlag)
** Chronicles from Pre-Celtic Europe (Survivors of the Great Tsunami), 3rd edition 2014

page 12 from "Friesche Volks-almanak" 1836 (source)

Two relevant lines translated:

The year of our Christian era . . . 1836
Since the deluge . . . 4029

4029 -/- 1836 = 2193

Flood year in OLB (page 00a, letter Hidde): 3449 -/- 1256 = 2193

As my readers know, I rather advocate OLB's authenticity than any hoax theory. However, the flood year on itself is not good evidence (for either theory), since it was known even before Cornelis Over de Linden got the manuscript in his possession (1848 according to himself).

Proof that Ottema forged alphabet page

...  in his editions of the OLB (1872 and 1876)

Earlier I posted an English translation of a letter from Cornelis Over de Linden to Dr. J.G. Ottema, dated June 11, 1871: here and here.

Because this letter is important in a discussion in Germany, I post the Dutch original here, as copied by Mr. N. Luitse (1990, scans below). The parts that are most relevant are colored. [added 2021, July 3: see translation and context here]

Helder, den 11 Juny 1872.

WelEdele en zeer geleerde Heer!

Een verzoek om revisie, zegt W. de L. in den Spectator van 21 October 1871 Nr. 42, dit zelfde verzoek ik ook aan u, en aan alle gelieden [lieden] welke het zoogenaamde runschrift als van jongere datum verwerpen.

In uwe vertaling staat: Och lieve, laat de oogen van een munnik toch nooit over deze schrift weiden, zij spreken zoete woorden, maar enz.

Uit deze vrees voor de munniken durf ik op maken, dat deze zich reeds van vele onzer oude geschriften hadden meester gemaakt. Ook durf ik gelooven dat de over de Lindens niet de eenige zijn geweest, welke het boek der Adela Follistar bezeten hebben. Wanneer ik de geschiedenis van het handschrift volg, dan durf ik annemen dat de Romeinen, de Phoeniciers, de Grieken en al de volken aan de Middellandsche zee het letterschrift van ons geleerd hebben. Niet overgenomen van de meetkundige lijnen van het joel, maar van de minder net uitgevoerde schriften der Friezen.

Ten tijde‚ dat ik mijzelf afmartelde om toch het handschrift te lezen, was er iemand die mij zeide, dat [het] misschien Phoenisische letters waren. Toen heb ik naar een phoenische spraakkunst gezogt, en heb naar lang zoeken een boek gevonden hetwelk de titel droeg: Paläographische Studien über phönizische und punische Schrift - Herausgegeben von D. Wilhelm Gesenius. Mit 6 lithographischen tafelen. Leipzig 1835.

De letters welken daarin voorkomen zijn zeer verschillend, doch velen daarvan gelijken op het stand en op het run schrift, zoo als dit in het handschrift staat. Onder de afdruksels van de penningen met letters zijn vele ofwel de meeste vrouwenkoppen, hetwelk mij aan de eere moeders der Friezen doet denken. De schrijver zegt dat ieder volks planting van de Phoenicier een eigen letterschrift hadden. Ik kon hem echter niet volgen, daar hij de letters met de Hebreeuwsche vergelijkt, die ik niet ken.

Is mijn vermoeden juist, dan zijn wij de lettergevers van al de volken aan de Middellandsche zee geweest. Daar de Noordelijke volken tevoren evenals nu de echte zeerobben zijn geweest, de Franschen met al hunne hooge theorien niet uitgezonderd, hebben die ook het meeste behoefte aan letters en cijfers gehad.

Dat de Munniken, welke een eigen letterschrift hebben uitgevonden, het onze verdonkeremaand hebben om het onleesbaar te maken, ligt in hunnen aard. Maar wie weet hoeveel Exemplaren, van het boek der Adelas folstar er nog hier en elders bij vorsten of te Rome berusten. Nadat er nu meer dan duizend jaar verloopen waren kunnen zij het loopend schrift, hetwelk veel van kapitale schriftletters heeft, wel voor kapitaie schriftletters hebben ingevoerd.

Wanneer Gij zoo zwak zijt om het loopend schrift, uit vreeze voor eenige schreeuwers, te verwerpen, dan is het zoo goed alsof gij met een schede wilde dualeren terwijl gij hun de degen in handen gaaft.

Immers in het handschrift staat "Toen Fæsta eeremoeder was, heeft zij er het run of loopende schrift van gemaakt. De Witkoning, dat is zeekoning Godfried enz." Welnu, als het runschrift er over een groote 100 jaar ingebragt is, dan is het bovenstaande er ook ingebragt, en dan kan al het andere er ingebragt zijn. Ik blijf dus tegen de verminking protesteren.

Zondagmiddag ben ik met de hens naar bed gegaan, hed[en] morgen stond ik op en heb nu belroos. Mijn linker oor is bijna zoo dik als een vinger.

Na minzame groete ook aan UEd Nicht. U Dw. d. C. over de Linden.

forged page by Ottema (1872 and 1876), which lacks the 'Runskrift'

page 46 in original manuscript

page 47 in original manuscript

MILD, MILDE, MILD.SA

~ ~ ~ for my daughter Milda Linde ~ ~ ~

"Allegorie op de Milddadigheid"
by Gerard de Lairesse (1640-1711)

MODERN languages
mild - English, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Norse, Afrikaans
myld - Frisian
mëll - Luxembourgish

OLD languages
milde (gentle, merciful) - Old English
milde ,, - Old Frisian, Middle Dutch
mildi ,, - Old Saxon, Old Dutch
milti ,, - Old High German
mildr ,, - Old Norse
mildiþa (kindness) - Gothic
meldach (tender) - Old Irish

Other meanings in Old and Middle Dutch: soft, benevolent, generous, loving

In OLB:
MILDE (adjective) - (fragment nr.) 1
MILD ,, - 2, 3, 4, 5a
MILD.SA (verb): being 'mild', generosity - 5b

OLB fragments with new translation

1 [010/09] "Frya was white"
MILDE FRYA.
NÀMMER LÍT HJU MÉT.AL UT JRTHA DÀLVA VMB ÀJN.BÁT.
MEN SAHWERSA HJU.T DÉDE. WÉRE.T TO JAHWELIKIS NOT.

"Mildness" (1747) by
L.F. Dubourg (1693-1775)

Mild* Frya!
She never had metal be dug from earth for her own benefit,
but when it was done, it was for common use.
(* or: generous, moderate, etc.)

2 [088/07] Adelbrost quotes Adela
EN ÉRE.MODER ÁCHT ALSA RÉN IN RA MOD TO WÉSÁNE
AS HJA BUTA BLIKTH ÀND ÉVIN MILD FÁR AL HJARA BERN.
An honoured Mother must be as pristine inside as her appearance,
and equally gentle to all her children.

3 [105/29] Tale and answers
WR.ALDA THÉR MILD IS KÉRATH HIM FONA GÍRIGA.
Wralda, who is generous, turns away from the stingy.

4 [119/15] Arrival of Friso's fleet
NW WINSTATH WI J SKOLDE ALSA MILD WÉSA
VS ALSA FÜL LAND TO JÉVANE THÀT WI THÉRVP MÜGE HÉMA.
We hope you will be so mild
as to give us enough land to live on.



5 [161/19] Gosa's advice
NV SEND WI ALSA MILD WÉST
VMBE THA WITHER KVMANDE HEL.LÉNA FOLGAR WITHER IN VS MIDDEN TO NÉMANDE.
MEN IK SKROM ÀND BEN SÉRELIK ANGE
THÀT HJA VS MILD.SA VRJELDA SKILUN MITH VRBRÛDING VSRA RÉNE TÁLE.
We have been so generous
as to take the returned Hellena-followers back in our midst,
but I hesitate and am very afraid
that they will reward our generosity by debasing our pure language.

fragments of Dutch volksprent "Mild hands" ca. 1882-1905

'wakedom' ~ watchfulness, wakefulness, vigilance

Allegory on Watchfulness and Straightforwardness, 1795 C.F. Bendorp

watchfulness, wakefulness, vigilance - English
Wachsamkeit - German
waakzaamheid - Dutch
vaksamhet - Swedish

Varieties in OLB:

WÁKANDOM - fragment 1
WÁKENDOM - 2,5
WÁKENDÛM - 3
WÁKANDON - 4

1 [050/15] on all burgs
THÁ WARTH WÁKANDOM VS DVBBELD BODEN
[Ottema/ Sandbach p.71]
Toen werd waakzaamheid ons dubbel geboden
Then watchfulness was doubly impressed upon us

2 [052/21] on the Waraburg
THAT VRSKALKTON VSA WÁKENDOM
[O-S p.75]
dat verschalkte onze waakzaamheid
that outwitted our watchfulness

Shield of Scheveningen with Vigilance and Minerva, 1704-1733 J. Schijnvoet

3 [063/02] on the burg Walhallagara
TILTHJU MÀN EN GRÁTE THÀNK OVIR HJRA WÁKENDÛM HÀVA SKOLDE
[O-S p.89]
Opdat men een grooten dunk van hare waakzaamheid zoude hebben
In order to give an impression of her great watchfulness

4 [080/31] on all burgs
THÁ FROST THJU BRIGGE RÉD HÉDE STOP WÁKANDON THÉR WR TO.T LAND UT
[O-S p.113]
Toen de vorst de brug gereed had, stapte de waakzaamheid daarover het land uit
When the frost had made the bridge, vigilance ceased in the land

5 [093/23-28] second writing of Brunno
WR.ALDA WILDVS WÍSA THÀT WÁKENDOM NAVT VRGAMLATH WRDE NE MÉI
(...) WÁKENDOM NILDE NAVT NE KÉRA
[O-S p.131]
Wralda wilde ons aantoonen, dat de waakzaamheid niet mag verflaauwen
(...) de waakzaamheid wilde niet terugkeeren
but Wr-alda wished to teach us that watchfulness should never be relaxed
(...) watchfulness did not take its place (return)

Committee of general vigilance 1795, caricature