MELOK ~ melk

Josie Maran by Terry Richardson

melk - norsk (bokmal), nederlands
mjølk - noors (nynorsk)
mælk - deens
mjölk - zweeds
mjólk - ijslands
molke - fries
milk - engels
milch - duits
mleko - pools
mолоко (moloko) - russisch

In de oudfriese taal van het OLB is het MELOK en dit woord komt er twee keer in voor:

Uit de voordracht van zieneres Rika te Staveren:

AK WIVA THER HJARA BERN
MAMA LÉTA AN HJARA BROSTA
WERTHAT FÉDSTRA HÉTEN.
THA NE JÉF WR.ALDA THÉR NÉN MELOK IN
SA NE SKOLDON THA BERN THÉR NÉNE BATE BY FINDA.
SA THAT BI SLOT FON REKNONG
WR.ALDA ALLÉNA FÉDER BILIWET.

Ook wijven die hun bern (kinderen)
zogen aan hun borsten
worden fédstra (voedsters) genoemd.
Doch geeft Wralda (oer-oude, wereld) daar geen melk in,
dan zouden de bern daar geen baat bij vinden.
Zodat per slot van rekening
Wralda alleen féder (voeder, vader) blijft.

Uit het verslag van Ljudgért over kokosnoten in Pangab (Punjab):

BY VS WERTHAT NOCHTA FONDEN
LIK BERN HAVEDA SA GRAT.
THÉR SIT TSIS AND MELOK IN.
WERTHAT SE ALD
SA MAKTH MAN THER OLJA FON.

Bij ons worden noten gevonden
als kinderhoofden zo groot.
Daar zit kaas en melk in.
Worden ze oud,
dan maakt men er olie van.

Forum #37 English (12 - 17 oct. 2013)

Posted 12 October 2013 - 04:08 PM

Two different fragments about (virtually) the same law.

1) "RIUCHTA ALLER FRYAS" - rights of all Fryas #4
[original text 025/31]
SEND THÉR WÉDVON ÀND WÉSON KÉMON
SA MOT MAN HJA ÁK VNDERHALDA 
AND THA SVNA MÜGON THI NÁMA HJARAR TATA 
VPPIRA SKILDUM WRITA HJARA SLACHTA TO ERANE.
[Ottema & Sandbach p.39]
Zijn er weduwen en weezen gekomen,
dan moet men haar ook onderhouden,
en de zonen mogen de namen hunner vaderen
op hunne schilden schrijven tot eere van hun geslacht.
If there are widows and orphans, 
they shall likewise be maintained at the public expense; 
and the sons may inscribe the names of their fathers 
on their shields for the honour of their families.

2) "ÉWA FARA STJURAR" - laws for navigators #8
[original text 028/19]
SIN THÉR WÉDVEN AND WÉSON FON KVMEN
SA MOT THJU MÉNTE HJA VNDERHALDA. 
SIN HJA AN ÉNRE KASE FELTH 
SA MÜGON THA SVNA THI NÔMA HJARAR TÁTA 
VPRIRA SKÍLDUN FORA.
[Ottema & Sandbach p.43]
Zijn daar weduwen en weezen van gekomen,
dan moet de gemeene gemeente die onderhouden;
zijn zij in een
zeestrijd gesneuveld,
dan mogen hunne zonen de namen hunner vaderen
op hunne schilden voeren.
Their widows and orphans 
must be maintained at the public expense; 
and if they were killed in a sea-fight, 
their sons may bear the names of their fathers 
on their shields.

Compare:

1) SEND_THÉR_WÉDVON_ÀND_WÉSON_____KÉMON
2) SIN__THÉR_WÉDVEN_AND_WÉSON_FON_KVMEN

1) SA_MOT_MAN________HJA_ÁK_VNDERHALDA 
2) SA_MOT_THJU_MÉNTE_HJA____VNDERHALDA.

1) -
2) SIN HJA AN ÉNRE KASE FELTH

1) AND_THA_SVNA_MÜGON_THI_NÁMA_HJARAR_TATA 
2) SA__MÜGON_THA_SVNA_THI_NÔMA_HJARAR_TÁTA 

1) VPPIRA_SKILDUM_WRITA HJARA SLACHTA TO ERANE.
2) VPRIRA_SKÍLDUN_FORA.

===

Posted 12 October 2013 - 05:39 PM

The Puzzler, on 12 October 2013 - 03:31 PM, said:

gestur, I'd be particularly interested in what you think of this next part ... but more about the etymology of the actual name itself in regards to the OLB info. [...]
Again no N in this OLB word but the translation is: The sea-people say Linwerd, but that is nonsense

The N is a transferring error. See original Sandbach text here.

The fragments:

[00a/16] Hidde, 1256 CE
SKRÉVVEN TO LJÜ.WERT
[O-S p.3]
Geschreven te Liuwert
Written at Liuwert

[00b/23] Liko, 803 CE
SKRÉVEN TO LJUD.WERD
[O-S p.3]
Geschreven te Liudwert
Written at Liudwert

[113/25] Fréthorik, ca. 300 BCE
TO LJUD.WARDJA BIN IK TO ASGA KÉREN. 
LJUD.WARDJA IS EN NY THORP
[O-S p.157]
Te Ljudwardia ben ik tot Asga gekozen.
Ljudwardia is een nieuw dorp
In Ljudwardia I was chosen as Asga. 
Ljudwardia is a new village

[143/21] Koneréd, ca. 250 BCE
LJUD.WÉRD HÉTEN. THÁ STJÜRAR SEGATH LJV.WRD
[O-S p.195]
Liudwerd geheeten. De zeelieden zeggen Liuwerd
called Liudwerd. The sea-people say Liuwerd

[206/11] Black Adel, ca. 50 BCE
BI ÁSTEN LJVD.WERDE
[O-S p.247]
beoosten Liudwerd
to the east of Liudwerd

Spelling variety, chronological:

LJUD.WARDJA - ca. 300 BCE
LJUD.WÉRD, LJV.WRD - ca. 250 BCE
LJVD.WERDE - ca. 50 BCE
LJUD.WERD - 803 CE
LJÜ.WERT - 1256 CE

LJUD, LJU = people (dutch: lui, lieden / german: leute)

Plausible meanings of WARDJA, WÉRD, WERDE etc.:

Hettema (1832) dictionary
Wardia, waardje = betalen (to pay; related are dutch: waarde & german: wert = worth, value)
Werda, waeerd = waard

etymologiebank.nl/waard2
waard = low land or land enclosed by rivers
olddutch 'wertha' = land surrounded by water
oldhighgerman 'warid', 'werid' = island
oldenglish 'waroth' = coast, shore

many toponyms ending with varieties of -werd here:
http://gtb.inl.nl/waard

"Wardja" sounds like a verb to me, but it doesn't show up anywhere else in the OLB.

My first association is with the dutch verb "bewaren" = to keep, save, preserve,protect
Thus, a place where the people can be safe.
But I'm not sure. I guess there is no definite answer to this one.

Quote

Therefore Leeuwarden is a Dutch name NOT in etymological alliance with the original Frisian word Liudwert...

I agree to that.

And I can imagine that this might have something to do with the lion ("leeuw") being the symbol of the counts of Holland and the house of Orange and it also became a symbol of Friesland:

counts of "Holland"

"Nassau" family (current Dutch royals)

Friesland

===

Posted 12 October 2013 - 05:55 PM

The Puzzler, on 12 October 2013 - 04:42 PM, said:

weson is an odd word to me for orphan, although I can see it is via the Frisian dictionary - I wonder what root word, in any language, that is associated with - does anyone know?

I don't know.
Etymologysite says this:
old-dutch: weso, weese, wese
old-german: weiso
dutch: wees
german: waise

... and this is interesting:

old-english - as second element in wuduwasa = ‘faun’, litterally ‘forrest-orphan’

===

Posted 13 October 2013 - 11:08 AM

just some notes

The Puzzler, on 13 October 2013 - 08:27 AM, said:

... faun/fawn as wasa ... Finnish word (vasa) ...

Faun seems to be related to Pan.

vasa (finnish) = calf (eng.)
seems to be related to:
vache (french) = cow (eng.)
vaars (dutch) = heifer, young cow (eng.)

===

Posted 13 October 2013 - 02:30 PM

A mistranslation by Sandbach (1876),
and something missed (or not mentioned) by other translators.

wini (oldsaxon, oldhighgerman) =
wine (oldfrisian, oldenglish) =
vinr (oldnorse) = friend
fine (oldirish) = kinship, tribe, family
venus (latin) = love

ven (danish) =
venn (norwegian =
vän (swedish) = friend

[093/20] Bruno
WÉRET FRJUNSKIP JEFTHA WINNE MÔNATH
[Ottema/ Sandbach p. 129]
was het Vriendschaps- of Winnemaand
at the festival of the harvest month [ ! ! ! ]
it was friendship- or 'winne'- (= friends or making friends) month

[116/05] Fréthorik
INNER WINNA JEFHA MINNA MÔNATH
[Ottema/ Sandbach p. 159]
In de Winne of Minnemaand (bloeimaand)
In the Winne, or Minnemaand (Bloeimaand, May)

WINNA = friends or to make friends
MINNA = to love or make love (dutch: minnen)

I find it remarkable how often in OLB "winna" (to win) is about "winning" people (or children) or making friends.
Here's a list of all fragments I found (the ones about people made bold):

present
[00b/09] RIKA PREBENDNE TO WINNANDE
[004/26] (FRYA.S.BÀRN) NÀMMER TO WINNADE (to win Fryas-children)
[026/19] ÁTHA ÀND FRJUNDA WINNA (to win allies and friends)
[051/11] (SKÉN.LAND) SVNDER STRID WRWINNA
[063/24] (THA STJÜRAR) THRVCH FRÉSE WINNA (to win navigators)
[067/21] TIN TO WINNANDE
[069/09] (THAT SKIP) WITTER.WINA
[075/32] THAT (MODER) NAVT TO WINNA WÉRE (to win the Folkmother)
[089/26] LÁND WINNA JEFTHA BIHALDA
[093/20] FRJUNSKIP JEFTHA WINNE MÔNATH !!! (win-friends month)
[109/08] GOLD TO WINNANDE
[111/30] ÁTHA TO WINNANDE
[116/05] WINNA JEFHA MINNA MÔNATH !!! (win-love month)
[118/01] RÉD BIWINNA
[125/12] THENE STÉDA WINNER
[152/09] VSA LANDA WITHER WINNA
[154/21] FRIUNDSKIP TO WINNANDE (to win friendship)
[204/21] LAND OFWINNA

past
[001/31] NÉN ÍNE GÁ OFWNNEN
[009/19] THAT BLÁW WN.ET THÉRE RÉINBÔGE OF
[056/07] EN SVN WVNEN (won a son)
[060/17] RÉD WÀRTH WNNEN
[071/03] (SLÁVONA) ANNA STRID WNNEN (won slaves)
[078/13] (SLÁVONA) WNNON (won slaves)
[089/09] RÉD INWNNEN
[089/19] LÁND OFWNNEN
[090/13] FIF SVNA WNNEN (won sons)
[101/30] IST SÁ FÀR WNNEN
[125/18] DÉMÉTRIUS WN THÉRE KÉSE
[146/04] TWÉN SVNA (AND TWA TOGHTERA) WNNEN (won sons and daughters)
[154/22] HI WON (SIN ÉROSTE SVNV) (won a son)
[155/04] FÉLO ATHA WNNEN (won allies)
[157/28] ALLE ATHUM THÉR HI BIWNNEN HÉDE (won allies)
[207/15] ÉNE ÉLE FLÁTE WNNEN

~

some or all related?

wish, winnings - english
wens (wish, desire) - dutch
winst (profit, gain, winnings) - dutch
vinst ( ,, ) - swedish
gewinn ( ,, ) - german
wunsch (desire) - german
wünsch (wish) - german

(! not in the oldfrisian dictionaries)
(? relation WINSTER = left hand side?)

[118/20]
NW WINSTIK
nu wenste ik
now I wished

[119/15]
NVV WINSTATH WI
nu wensten wij
now we wished

[142/21]
THESSE WINST SKIL HJARA VRLIAS WROCHTA
deze winst zal haar verlies wrochten (uitwerken)
this winnings shall result in losses

[210/02]
TO NV WAS ALLES NÉI WINSK GVNGEN
tot nu was alles naar wens gegaan
till now all had went as wished

~

Note:

Latin 
venari = to hunt, chase
venus = love, comeliness

Sanskrit 
vánate = to love 

Tocharian
wañi/wina = pleasure

Hittite
wenzi = to copulate

===

Posted 13 October 2013 - 07:34 PM

The only language that I know uses the ê is French and the first word that comes to my mind is "prêt-à-porter" (ready-to-wear).
That ê sounds like the "ea" in ready and wear (I guess).

But the Fryan E that it represents in Ottema's transcription, is like the Dutch-Frisian long E: ee or é.
(We say "wéduwen" and "wézen". É sounding like "nay". German has the same double ee sound, as in Seele.)
That is why I use É.
Likewise, I have chosen to use À and Á, since they are more like the Fryan A's and more people will understand how to pronounce that, than â.

To understand the language of the OLB, it's helpful to speak it out loud.

===

Posted 14 October 2013 - 08:45 AM

The Puzzler, on 14 October 2013 - 04:29 AM, said:

These words all have it in the Frisian dictionary too, when I was looking up wesa:

That is a new online dictionary by the German scolar Köbler.
Older Oldfrisian dictionaries (Wiarda 1786, Hettema 1832, Richthofen 1840) don't use the ê.

I wanted to make the OLB more accessible to a larger audience, that's why I have chosen letters that are more easy to read. For example I simply use TH instead of the Ð that Knul uses. He also uses U with ° that I have no idea how to pronounce.

I still don't know what to think of the ô.

===

Posted 17 October 2013 - 01:28 PM

Abramelin, on 15 October 2013 - 11:17 PM, said:

about the -W-

Language is not mathematics.

Sometimes the 'double-U' was seen as one letter, sometimes as two.

Sometimes it is pronounced as in "wit", sometimes as in "ooze".

===

Posted 17 October 2013 - 04:01 PM

Knul, on 15 October 2013 - 12:16 AM, said:

Wouldn't be useful to follow the transcription by Koebler?
The OLB words could be integrated into his Old Frisian dictionary.
This would facilitate references very much.

In my opinion, to make it most easily accessible for a larger audience, it would be best to use letters that are easy to read.

People who would use a dictionary as that by Köbler, will understand that wés, wês, wees and waise are the same.

Besides, OLB has a wide spelling variety, as have the modern NW-European languages.

BOK = book = boek = buch = bog

Marriage related words

screenshot from: Hvíti víkingurinn or Embla (1991)

brúður - icelandic

brud - swedish, danish, norwegian

bruid - dutch

bride - english

braut - german

briod - welsh

Hettema (1832) oldfrisian dictionary: bred, breid

[028/28] stjur-éwa

SA MÉI SIN BRUD SJVGUN MANNIS DÉLUN ASKA 

zo mag zijn bruid zeven mansdelen vragen

then his bride may ask seven man's-deals (parts)

[041/14] setma and domar
JAHWÉDER JONG KERDEL ÁCH EN BRUD TO SÉKA
iedere jonge kerel behoort een bruid te zoeken
every young man ought to seek a bride

[151/24] Friso
SA KANST THIN BRÉID JET FUL RIKER MÉIDA JAN
dan kun je jouw bruid nog veel rijker geschenken geven
then you can give your bride yet much richer presents

~

Hettema (1832) oldfrisian dictionary:
friudelf = vrijer, man (lover, husband)
friudelwe = vrijerij (courtship)
friund = friend

[028/28] stjur-éwa
VMBE HIRA FRYA.DULF EN STÉN TO TO WJANDE
om haar vrijer (verloofde) een steen te wijden
to dedicate a stone to her lover (fiance)

[092/18] Bruno
THÀT HJU HJRA FRÍADELF HERDE MINTH
dat ze haar vrijer zeer bemint
that she dearly loves her lover

[156/06] Adel
MITH HJRA FRJUDELF
met haar vrijer (verloofde)
with her lover (fiance)

~

Hettema (1832) oldfrisian dictionary:
enega = zich verenigen (to unite)

ÉN-GÁ = go-as-one? (dutch: één-ga, enige?)

[001/20] Adela
THRVCHDAM IK ÁPOL TO MIN ÉNGÁ JÉRDE
doordat ik Ápol tot mijn 'één-ga' (gezel, enige) begeerde
because I desired Ápol as my companion

[041/18] setma and domar
HETH ER NÉN ÉNGÁ
heeft hij geen 'één-ga' (gezel, enige)
if he has no companion

~

Hettema (1832) oldfrisian dictionary:
gade = gade, echtgenoot (spouse)

In the first two following fragments as verb (to marry, wed, mate).

[015/23] burg-éwa
SAHWERSA EN FÁM ÁNNEN GADA WIL
wanneer een Faam enen gaden (zich verenigen, paren) wil
when a Fám (maiden) wants to unite with someone

[088/04] Adelbrost
NW WILDON HJA ÁK GÁDATH WERTHA
nu wilden ze ook verenigd worden
now they also wanted to be united

[133/17] Wiljo
FRÉTHO.RIK MIN GÁD
Fréthorik mijn gade
Fréthorik my husband

~

Richthofen (1840) oldfrisian dictionary:
boste = ehe (marriage)
bostigia = verehelichen, verheirathen (to marry, wed)

[092/10] Bruno
HJU WILDE RÉDER ENNEN BOSTA HA 
MITH ALL JOI AND NOCHTA THÉRER ANEBONDEN SEND
ze wilde liever een huwelijk hebben
met alle plezier en geneugten die daaraan gebonden zijn
she rather wanted to have a marriage
with all joy and pleasures that are bound to it

[151/26] Friso
ALBÉDA SVIARINGA FON FRISO SEND BOSTIGJAD 
MITH TOGHATERUM THÉRA ROMRIKSTA FORSTUM
beide zwagers van Friso zijn gehuwd
met dochteren der roemrijkste vorsten
both brothers-in-law of Friso were married
with daugthers of the most glorious kings

[168/21] Beden
MIN ÉM IS NIMMER BOSTIGJATH
mijn oom is nimmer gehuwd
my uncle was never married

[205/15] Swarte Adel
KIRT AFTER THAT ÁSKAR MITH FRÉTHO.GUNSTA BOSTIGJATH WAS
kort nadat Áskar met Fréthogunsta gehuwd was
shortly after áskar had married Fréthogunsta

~

Hettema (1832) oldfrisian dictionary:
manna = trouwen (to marry, wed)

[146/05] Friso
IS KORNÉLJA ... MITH MIN BROTHIR MANT
is Kornélja met mijn broeder gehuwd
Kornélja was married to my brother

~

[028/28] stjur-éwa
WAS HI FOR.SÉITH 
was hij verloofd (voorzeid, voorzegd)
if he was engaged (fore-said)

image by Fidus (1868-1948)

Truth, Trust and Druids

from: Hoogduitsche Outheden (1714) Jacob v. Royen

(noun and adjective)

treowð, triewð - oldenglish

truth, troth - english

trohet - swedish (fidelity, loyalty, faithfulness, allegiance, faith, truth)

tryggð, trú - icelandic

trouw - dutch (faith, loyalty, allegiance, faithfulness, fidelity, troth, faithful, true, loyal)

tro - danish, norwegian, swedish

treu - german

(verb)

to trust - english

vertrouwen - dutch

trauen, vertrauen - german

tro, förtrösta - swedish

treysta - icelandic

=== OLB-words and spelling variety

TROWE - 1

TROW - 3,4,14,15

TRJV - 5

TRJVW - 8

TRVLIK - 13 (truelike, loyal)

TRVTH - 11 (truth)

MISTRÍVWA - 9 (distrust)

BITROUWA - 12 (trust)

(verb)

TRJVWADE - 2 (trusted)

BITROWADE - 6 ( ,, )

TROWA - 7 (to trust)

(druids)

TROWÍDA - 10

AN.A.TROW E.WÍDENA - 3

TRJV.WENDENE - 5

FON THÉRE TROW E.WENDENA - 4

=== OLB-fragments

1 [004/24] Adela

IK SEDZ AN TROWE

ik zeg in trouw (vertrouwen, waarheid)

I say in trust (trusting)

2 [008/16] Finda

THAM HJA TRJVWADE

die haar vertrouwde

that trusted her

3 [060/29] druids

AN.A.TROW E.WÍDENA

aan de trouw gewijdenen

dedicated to loyalty (trust, truth)

4 [060/31] druids

FON THÉRE TROW E.WENDENA

van de trouw (af-)gewendenen

winded off of loyalty (trust, truth)

5 [061/01] druids

KIRT WÉI TRJV.WENDENE

kortweg trouw-wendene

in short 'tru-windeds'

6 [067/30] Jon

THÀT KÀLTA HJRA SELVA ... BITROWADE

dat Kàlta zichzelf vertrouwde

that Kàlta trusted herself

7 [072/14] Gértmanna

HJA ... KVNDE TROWA

ze konden vertrouwen

they could trust

8 [088/21] Adelbrost

MITH LÍAFDE ÀND TRJVW

met liefde en trouw

with love and loyalty (trust, truth)

9 [089/06] Adelbrost

MISTRÍVWA BITWISKA x AND y

misvertrouwen (wantrouwen, ontrouw) tussen x en y

distrust (disloyalty) between x and y

10 [089/18] Adelbrost

THA GOLA JEFTHA TROWÍDA

de Gola ofte Trowída (druïden, trouw-wijde)

the Gola or Trowída (druids)

11 [101/14] other formlére

IN TRVTH

in waarheid

in truth

12 [104/03] Trást

IN BITROUWA

in vertrouwen

in trust

13 [147/26] Friso

STANDON HJA MÀNLIKÔTHERUM TRVLIK BÍ

stonden ze malkanderen trouwelijk (getrouw, waarlijk) bij

they stood truelike (loyal) with each-other

14 [202/01] Swarte Adel

THÀT x HIM SKOLDE TROW BILÍWA

dat x hem trouw zoude blijven

that x would remain loyal to him

15 [210/02] Swarte Adel

TO BORG HJARAR TROW

tot borg hunner trouw

as guarantee of their loyalty

=== related (1):

[011/22] Tex Fryas

TID SKIL.ET WÁRA

tijd zal het bewaren (waarmaken, bewijzen)

time will prove (make true)

[118/22] Gosa

HO FÉR GOSA WÉRHÉD SPREK

hoe ver (in hoeverre) Gosa waarheid sprak

how far (the extent to which) Gosa spoke truth

[140/22] Hellénja

WÉRHÉD ... WARATH

waarheid bewaard

truth preserved

[140/30] Hellénja

WÉRHÉD ... SJAN

waarheid zien

to see truth

[141/01] Hellénja

WÉRHÉD MINNA

waarheid (be-)minnen

to love truth

=== related (2):

note: Dutch verb "trouwen" (to marry) is BOSTIGJA (3x in OLB)