13 August 2018

The Wralda View

The Fryas were not all pure 'monotheists'. Frya was the protecting 'mother goddess'/ personification of the (free and slaveless) white race, while Wralda was the 'most ancient' one (Ur-alte or World) that had given his life force (breath) to all three root races that had been born from Earth as creations of Time.

In this post the most relevant texts regarding the Wralda theology will be listed. Also, fragments from other texts provide insight in how Wralda was referred to in general reasoning.

First of all, it is noteworthy that the Primal Teachings ("FORM.LÉRE", 1 and 2) about Wralda where not included in the "Book of Adela Followers", the collection of texts that were initially copied from various burgs as suggested by Adela, ca. 600 BCE. Her daughter Apollonia added them later and wondered why they had been left out as they had a prominent place on the walls of her burg Liudgarda that had also been a burg that must have been familiar to her parents, Adela and Apol, the latter being the reeve responsible for collecting texts from his district. Also note that neither Adela did not once refer to Wralda in her speech, and nor did the last 'Folkmother' Frana in her prophecy. Adela did refer to Frya in a religious way and Frana addressed a personified Earth. Frya 'Religion' is explored in the following post.


1. Wraldalogy - most relevant texts
(see: 4. Key Fragments below)
paragraph nr./ title Ott pages/ lines original MS;
link to new translation
pages Sandbach
2b. Our Primal History [006/12 – 006/32] 13
2f. Frya's Tex (rede 1, 2, 4, 5, 8) [011/13 – 014/08] 19 - 23
4e. Minos: Aewa [032/01 – 033/21] 47 - 49
4f. Minos: Minerva [033/22 – 039/05] 49 - 57
6. Yule, Script, Numbers [045/01 – 047/04] 65 - 67
13e. Primal Teachings 1 [097/29 – 099/32] 135 - 139
13f. Primal Teachings 2 [100/01 – 103/25] 139 - 143
13g. The Unsociable Man [103/26 – 106/09] 143 - 145
16e. Gosa: Purity of Language [157/32 – 163/09] 215 - 219
18. Rika: Stealing of Titles [189/01 – 192/32] 229 - 233



2. Wralda (as 'God') references in other texts


B. Liko Ovira Linda, 803 CE [00b/18] WIL WR.ALDA .T THJELDA
If Wralda allows it, and if we do not strengthen ourselves, they will exterminate us all.


4d. Minos: Laws [031/08] WR.ALDA JEFTA AL.FODER
Wralda — or Allfeeder — has given me many years. Over many lands and seas have I traveled, and after all that I have seen, I am convinced that we alone are privileged by Allfeeder to have laws.


8a. Magyars and Finns [052/04/09] FON WR.ALDA.S GÁST NÉTON HJA NAWET
They believe that evil spirits are everywhere and enter into people and animals, but of Wralda's spirit they know nothing. [...] The Magyars claim that they can ban and banish the evil spirits. The Finns are always in fear because of this, and their faces never show signs of joy.


8b. Wodin and the Magus [055/16] FRYA ÀND WR.ALDAS GÁST
When Wodin returned, the magus gave him his daughter as a wife. He then was incensed with herbs. However, among them were magic herbs, and gradually Wodin became so audacious, that he dared to disavow and ridicule Frya and Wralda's spirit, while he bent his free neck before images of false gods.


8e. The Idolatrous Gols [061/24] THA BERN FON WR.ALDA
All of these girls, however, had become servants of the Gauls, and stole the children from Wralda to offer them to their false gods.


13i. Apollonia’s Journey [111/13] VMBE SÉJEN TO WINNANDE FON WR.ALDA.S GÁST
South of Forana is Alkmarum. This is a ‘mare’ or lake with an island on which the black and brown men abide, like they do at Lydasburg. The burg maiden of Forana told me that the burg masters visit them daily, to teach them what true freedom is and how people ought to live gently together in order to gain the blessing of Wralda's spirit. Should any of them be interested and able to understand, he would be able to stay until he was fully educated. That was done to elevate the foreign folks and to win allies everywhere.


14d. Alexander the King [124/15] WR.ALDA LÉT SINE SÉLE LÁS
When Alexander learned how his scheme had worked out, he became so reckless that he wanted to dig out the dry strait, to the mockery of earth. However, Wralda deserted his soul, and, in his arrogance, he drowned himself in wine before he could even start.


14e. Demetrius and Friso [128/24] NÉI WRALDA.S HÉI
While we were organizing ourselves, the wind turned against us, which scared the cowards and women, since, as we had no slaves, except those who had voluntarily joined us, we could not escape them by rowing. But Wralda knew what he was doing, and Friso, who understood, quickly had the fire-arrows placed on the crossbows, with the order to wait until he had shot first. He also told us to aim for the central ship. ‘If we are efficient’, he said, ‘the others will come to his aid and then we must all shoot at our best.’ [...] Friso was the one who had to guide us to Fryasland, so the Ionians joined us. This also seemed to be Wralda's intention, as within three months we passed Britannia; three days later, we were able to cheer huzzah!


15c. Yesus or Buda of Kashmir [138/25 + 141/09] ALLE KRÀFTUM THÉR WR.ALDA IN JO LÉITH HETH
Moreover, you must be vigilant against their trade and tricks, with all forces that Wralda has provided you. [...] Wralda's spirit will be honored and invoked everywhere and in every way. Only the ‘aewa’ that Wralda initially laid in our souls will be adhered to. There will be no other masters, princes or bosses than those who were elected by common will.


15d. Frana’s Will [141/27] ANTHA NÔME WR.ALDA.S
In the name of Wralda, Frya and of freedom, I greet you


15e. Gosa’s Will [142/06] WR.ALDA HETH HJA NAVT NE SKÉPEN
A bad time has passed by, but another is approaching us. Earth did not bear it and Wralda did not create it; it comes from the east, from the core of the priests. It will breed so much suffering that earth cannot drink all the blood of her slain children. It will spread darkness over the spirit of mankind, like thunderclouds over sunlight. Everywhere and in every way, deception and idolatry will challenge freedom and justice. Justice and freedom will perish, and we with them.


16a. Canals and Dykes [144/13] THÀT WR.ALDA VSA AL.FODER AL SINA SKEPSELA FOT
From this, all people may learn that Wralda, our allfeeder, provides for all his creatures, as long as they keep their spirits up and are willing to help each other.


16b. Friso: Alliances [147/02] THRVCH WR.ALDA SKÉPEN
By this arrangement, the Jutters could keep the land to where Wralda had led them. [...] Friso finally asked if they did not have a good harbor in their region. ‘Oh yes,’ they answered, ‘one of the best, created by Wralda. [...] When it would come to the point of choosing a king again, I will therefore also give my opinion. From all I can consider, Friso was chosen for it by Wralda, for he was miraculously guided by him here.


16f. Liudgerd: Punjab Report [165/18] NIT AN WRALDA NACH AN JRTHA
The land between the Punjab and the Ganges is just as flat as Fryasland by the sea, with varied landscapes of fields and woods, fertile in all parts, which, however, does not prevent thousands upon thousands sometimes starving to death there. These famines can thus not be attributed to Wralda or Earth, but only to the princes and priests.


19c. Reintia's Dream [202/27] WR.ALDA HÉDE HJA TO HROPA LÉTA
Wralda, she said, had signaled to her by thunder that all Frya's folk must become friends, united as sisters and brothers, or else Finda's folk would come and wipe them all off the face of the earth. After the thunder, Frya's seven watch maidens had appeared in her dreams, seven nights in succession.


19d. Askar Lost to Idolatry [207/06] ÀJEN WR.ALDA HIS WILLE
They brought home various foreign treasures, but the result was that the young folk lost their ambition to learn a craft or work in the fields, so in the end they had to use slaves. This was all very much against Wralda's will and against Frya's advice. Thus, punishment was inevitable.


3. Wralda (also) as 'world' 


2e. Frya was White [010/23] BÉVADE JRTHA LÎK WR.ALDA.S SÉ
When she had spoken, the earth trembled like Wralda’s sea. Fleeland's surface sank beneath her feet, the sky turned black and rained ceaselessly


3b. General Laws [019/09] VP ELLA THAT WR.ALDA JEFTH
All Frya children are born in the same way. Therefore, they must also have the same rights, whether on land or on water, or any place Wralda provides.


7a. Before the Bad Times [047/07/17/26] VS THRVCH WRALDA JÉVEN
Before the bad times came, our land was the most beautiful in Wralda. [...] On one side, we were enclosed by Wralda's Sea, on which no folk but us had the means nor skills to fare [...] twelve large freshwater rivers, given us by Wralda


13f. Primal Teachings 2 [100/21] THÀT THISSA DROCHTNE WRALDA ESKÉPEN HÀVE
 Finda's folk are a bad folk, for although their pseudo-wise men convince themselves that they are divine, they have created false divinities for the uninitiated — everywhere proclaiming that these divinities have created the world with all that is therein — greedy divinities, full of envy and wrath, who want to be honored and served by the people, who want blood and sacrifice and demand rich offerings.


4. Key Fragments


2b. Our Primal History [006/13] WR.ALDA.S OD TRÀD TO RA BINNA
 Wralda, who alone is whole and eternal, created the potential. Time began and wrought all things; the very earth herself. Earth bore all grasses, herbs and trees; all cherished and all despised creatures. All that is good and cherished, she brought forth by day, and all that is evil and despised, she brought forth by night. After the twelfth Yulefeast, she bore three girls: Lyda from glowing hot, Finda from hot, and Frya from warm substance.
 As they lay naked, Wralda fed them with his breath so that mankind would be bound to him. As they matured, they became fruitful and dreamed of pleasure. They received Wralda's ‘od’ [seed?] into them, and so they each bore twelve sons and twelve daughters; twins each Yuletide. All of mankind has come from these.


2f. Frya's Tex (rede 1, 2, 4, 5, 8) [011/18] WR.ALDA SKOLDE HELPA HJAM
 1. When great is the need, and good counsel and good deed have proven futile, then call upon the spirit of Wralda. But you must not call upon him before everything has been tried, for I tell you with good reason, and time will confirm it: the dispirited will always collapse under their own sorrow.
 2. To Wralda's spirit alone should the knee be bent in gratitude, yes, thrice-fold: for what you have consumed from him, for what you avail yourself of, and for the hope of provision in troubled times to come.
 4. Never accept obeisance from your kinsmen, for it is due to Wralda's spirit. [...]
 5. Four things were given you to use, namely air, water, land and fire, but Wralda owns them all.
 8. Do not attack either the folk of Lyda or of Finda. Wralda would help them, so that your violence would return upon your own heads.


4e. Minos: Aewa [032/01] THA SIN THÉR WR.ALDA.S GÁST AN VS KÉTH
 The word ‘aewa’ is too sacred for common use. Therefore, we have learned to say ‘even’.
 Aewa refers to the rules that are imprinted equally in the hearts of all people, in order that they may know what is right and what is wrong, and by which they are able to judge their own deeds and those of others; that is, insofar as they have been brought up well and are not corrupted.
 There is also yet another meaning attached; aewa also relates to ‘ae-like’ — that is water-like: even and smooth like water that is not disturbed by windstorm or anything else. If water is disturbed, it becomes uneven, ‘unright’, but it always has a tendency to become even again. That is its nature, just as the inclination towards justice and freedom exists in Frya's children. We derive this disposition from our feeder — Wralda's spirit — which speaks strongly in Frya's children, and will eternally remain so.
 Aewa is also the other symbol of Wralda's spirit, which eternally remains just and undisturbed, although in his physical body there may be rage. Aewa and being undisturbed are the signs of wisdom and righteousness, which must be sought after by all pious people, and must be possessed by all judges.
 If, therefore, the people want to make resolutions and pronounce sentences, which always and everywhere remain good, they must be the same for all people. According to these aewa, the judges must pronounce their decisions.
 If any evil is done for which no aewa are established, a general assembly must be called, where judgment shall be pronounced in accordance with what Wralda's spirit reveals to us, in order to judge justly about all things.


4f. Minos: Minerva [035/14] IK KÀN ÉN GODE. THÀT IS WRALDAS GÁST
  Once, when plague had come to the land, they came with a crowd of people, and said: ‘We are all making offerings to the gods, so they might ward off the plague. Will you not help to calm their wrath, or did you bring the plague over the land with your arts?’
 ‘No,’ Minerva said, ‘since I do not know any gods that do evil, I cannot ask them to be nicer. I only know one “god” — that is Wralda’s spirit — and because “god” means good, he also does no evil.’
 ‘Where does evil come from then?’ the priests asked.
 ‘All evil comes from yourselves and from the stupidity of the people that walk into your trap.’
 ‘So if your supreme being is all that good, then why does he not avert evil?’ the priests asked.
 Helena answered: ‘Frya has put us on the path, and the Carrier that is time must do the rest. For all disasters, counsel and help can be found, but Wralda wants us to search ourselves, so we shall become strong and wise. If we refuse, he lets us squeeze out our own tumors, so we shall experience the results of wise and foolish deeds.’
 A prince replied: ‘I would imagine it better to simply ward off disaster.’
 ‘Of course,’ Helena answered, ‘because then people would remain like tame sheep. You and the priests want to protect, but also to shear and slaughter them. But that is not what our supreme being wants. He wants us to help each other, but also that all be free and become wise. Because we want that too, our folk elects our leaders, reeves, counselors, and all chieftains and masters from the wisest of the good people, so all will do their best to become wise and good. This way, we will know and teach the folks at the same time, that only being wise and acting wisely leads to glory.’


6. Yule, Script, Numbers [045/09/21] THÀT FORMA SINNEBILD WR.ALDA.S

[Wralda ~ the Potential ~ the Beginning]
 Depicted above are the signs of the Yule, which is the primal symbol of Wralda and of the potential or the beginning from which time came; the Carrier that must forever go around with the Yule. [...] We may dedicate eternal gratitude to Wralda for imbuing our ancestors with so much inspiration.


13e. Primal Teachings 1 [098/07] THÉRVMBE IS WRALDA ALLÉNA GOD
 ‘Wr-alda’ is the most-ancient or primordial (‘over-oldest’), for he created all things. Wralda is all in all, for he is eternal and everlasting. Wralda is omnipresent, yet invisible, therefore, the being is called spirit. All that we can see of him are the created beings that come and go again through his life, because from Wralda all things proceed and to him they return. Out of Wralda both the beginning and the end come. All things merge into him. Wralda is the only almighty being, because all other power is borrowed from him and returns to him. From Wralda all forces are derived and all forces return to him again. Therefore, he alone is the creative being, and nothing is created outside of him.
 Wralda established eternal principles or ‘aewa’ in all that was created and regulations can only be good if they are founded upon these principles. Although all is part of Wralda, the malice of people is not of him. Malice comes from laziness, carelessness and stupidity. Therefore, it can harm the people, but never Wralda. Wralda is wisdom and the aewa that he established are the books from which we can learn. No wisdom can be found or gathered outside of them.
 People can see many things, but Wralda sees all things.
 People can learn many things, but Wralda knows all things.
 People can unlock many things, but to Wralda all is opened.
 People are male and female, but Wralda creates both.
 People love and hate, but Wralda is only righteous.
 Therefore, only Wralda is God [or: good*] and there are no gods outside of him. With the wheel turning, all creation alters and changes, but only God is unalterable. Since Wralda is God, he cannot change, and since he endures, only he is ‘being’ and everything else ‘emergence’.
[* In the Frya letters, G is a mirrored D, which makes the word GOD perfectly symmetrical.] 



13f. Primal Teachings 2 [100/02] FORSKINSLA THRVCH WR.ALDA.S LÉVA
 Among Finda's folk there are witty men who, by their over-inventiveness, have become so corrupted that they convince themselves and their initiates that they are the best part of Wralda; that their mind is the best part of Wralda's spirit, and that Wralda can only think by the help of their brains. The notion that every creature is part of Wralda's infinite being, that they have taken from us; but their false reasoning and ungovernable pride have caused them to stray from the righteous path.
 If their mind was like Wralda's spirit, then Wralda would be very stupid, instead of being sensible and wise; for their minds always work like slaves, creating beautiful images which they afterwards worship. Rather, Finda's folk are a bad folk, for although their pseudo-wise men convince themselves that they are divine, they have created false divinities for the uninitiated — everywhere proclaiming that these divinities have created the world with all that is therein — greedy divinities, full of envy and wrath, who want to be honored and served by the people, who want blood and sacrifice and demand rich offerings.
 These vain, false men, however, who have themselves referred to as God's servants or priests, receive, collect and seize everything on behalf of the divinities that do not exist, to keep it for themselves. They do all this with an easy conscience, as they imagine that they are themselves divine and answer to no one. If there are any who see through their vile tricks and try to expose them, these are caught by their hench­men and burnt for their defamation — always with solemn ceremonies, in honor of their false divinities — but in truth, it is only to protect the priesthood. In order that our children may be armed against their idolatrous doctrine, the duty of the maidens is to make them learn by heart the following:
 Wralda existed before all things and will endure after all things. Thus, Wralda is eternal and infinite, and therefore, nothing exists outside of him. From Wralda's life sprang time and all living creatures and his life takes away time and all things.
 These facts must be made clear and manifest to all who are wise, so that they can define and demonstrate it to others. If that is understood, we can continue:
 Regarding our physical dimension, we are part of Wralda's infinite being, as is the physical dimension of all that was created. However, regarding our appearance, our characteristics, our mind and all our thoughts, these do not belong to the being. All these are volatile phenomena that appear through Wralda's life, and that appear as such through his wisdom and not otherwise.
 Whereas his life is continually progressing, however, nothing can remain stationary. Therefore, all creatures change their position and their shape, as well as their minds. Therefore, can neither earth itself, nor any creature ever say ‘I am’, but rather ‘I was’. Likewise, no man can ever say ‘I think’, but merely ‘I thought’. The boy is larger and different from when he was a child. He has other desires, passions and ways of thinking. The man and father is and thinks differently from when he was a boy. The same applies to the elderly. Everyone knows this.
 Since everyone thus knows and must acknowledge that one is continuously changing, one must also acknowledge that one changes every instant, also whilst one says ‘I am’, and that one's thoughts change, whilst one says ‘I think’. Instead, then, of inappropriately imitating the bad Findas and saying ‘I am’, or even ‘I am the best part of Wralda, yes, through us alone can he think’, we proclaim the following always and everywhere when it is necessary:
  We, Frya's children, are emergences through Wralda's life, in the beginning mean and bare, but always becoming and advancing towards perfection, without ever becoming as good as Wralda himself. Our mind is not Wralda's spirit, it is merely a semblance of it. When Wralda created us, he provided us, through his wisdom, with brain, senses, memory, and many good qualities. By means of these we can contemplate his creations and his laws. From that we can learn and about that we can speak, all and only for our own benefit. If Wralda had not given us any senses, we would know nothing, and we would be yet more helpless than a jellyfish that is driven forth by the ebb and flow.


13g. The Unsociable Man [103/28] WR.ALDA THÉR MILD IS
 An unsociable, stingy man came to complain to Traest, who was maiden at Stavia. He said a storm had destroyed his house. He had prayed to Wralda, but Wralda had not provided any help.
 ‘Are you a true Frya?’ Traest asked. ‘All my ancestors were’, the man answered. ‘Then’, she said, ‘I will sow something in your conscience, in confidence that it will germinate, grow, and bear fruit.’ She continued and spoke:
 ‘When Frya was a child, our mother stood naked and bare, unprotected from the rays of the sun. She could ask help of no one, and nor was there anyone who could have given her any help. Then Wralda wrought in her conscience intuition and love, anxiety and fright. She looked round her, her intuition chose the best and she sought a hiding place under the sheltering linden tree, but rain came and with it the discomfort of becoming wet.
 However, she had seen how the water ran down the pendent leaves, so she made a roof with sloping sides. She made it with sticks. Then a windstorm came and blew the rain under it. She had seen that the stem provided lee. She subsequently made a wall of sods and turf, first on one side and then all round. The windstorm returned, raging even more than before and blew away the roof, but she did not complain or ask Wralda why. She made a roof of reeds and put stones upon it.
 Having experienced how hard it is to toil alone, she explained to her children how and why she had done all this. They wrought and thought together. This is the way we developed houses with porches, a street and linden trees that protect us from the rays of the sun. Eventually they built a burg and after that, all others.
 If your house was not strong enough, you must try to make the next better.’ ‘My house was strong enough,’ he said, ‘but the raising water lifted it up and the storm wind did the rest.’ ‘Where did your house stand then?’ Traest asked. ‘Along the Rhine’, the man answered. ‘Did it not stand on a knoll or mound?’ Traest asked. ‘No,’ he said, ‘my house stood lonely on the bank. I built it alone and by myself I could not make a mound there.’
 ‘I actually knew,’ Traest said, ‘the maidens have informed me. All your life you have detested the people, fearing that you might have to give or do something for them, but one does not get far with such an attitude, because Wralda, who is generous, turns away from the stingy. Vesta gave us this advice, and above the gates of all burgs, it is carved in stone:
 “If you like benefits, Vesta said, then protect your neighbors: inform and help them, for they will do so in return.”


16e. Gosa: Purity of Language [158/11] WRALDA IS WIS ÀND GOD ÀND AL FÁRSJANDE
  When Wralda gave children to the mothers of mankind, he laid one language in all tongues and on all lips. This gift Wralda bestowed upon men to be used for letting each other know what must be avoided and what must be pursued to find happiness and hold it for eternity. Wralda is wise, good and all-foreseeing. As he knew that luck and happiness must flee from earth when malice can deceive virtue, he attached an equitable property to this language.
 This property consists of the impossibility to tell lies or speak deceptive words without stammering or blushing, by which means the evilhearted can instantly be identified. Because our language thus leads to luck and happiness, and helps beware of evil inclinations, its name ‘God's language’ is fully justified, and all those who hold it in honor, benefit from it.


18. Rika: Stealing of Titles [189/09 + 190/09 + 191/21 + 192/07] HO WR.ALDA THUSAND GLOR.NÔMA HETH
You may or may not know how Wralda has a thousand glorious names. This, however, you all know: that he is called ‘all-feeder’, because everything becomes from and grows out of him, so that his creatures may be fed. It is true that earth sometimes is likewise called ‘all-feederess’, because she brings forth all the fruits and grains that humans and animals feed themselves with. She would, however, not bear any fruits or grains if Wralda did not give her powers. Women who let their children drink from their breasts are also called ‘feederesses’, but if Wralda would not allow the milk to flow, the children would not benefit from it, which means that, ultimately, only Wralda remains ‘feeder’.
 [...] The foreign kings, who only live to suit themselves, try to steal Wralda's crown. They were jealous of Wralda being called Allfeeder/ Allfather and wanted to be called ‘feeders’ [or: fathers] of the peoples. Everyone knows, though, that a king has no control over the growth of crops, and that his own food is brought to him by the people. Still, they wanted to persist in their temerity. In order to reach their goal, they started by no longer being satisfied with the voluntary gifts, and imposed a tax upon the people. With the treasure they thus gathered, they hired foreign mercenaries, whom they stationed around their courts. They furthermore took as many wives as they pleased, and the lesser princes and lords all followed their example.
 [...] Similar to some of your men wanting to be associated with Wralda, there are some of your women who want the same with Frya.
 [...] You all fancy that you improve from this name-stealing, but you forget that there is envy attached to it, and that every wrong sows its scourging birch. If you do not reverse it, time will give it growth, so strongly that one cannot see where it will end. Your descendants will be scourged with it. They will not understand from whence the lashes come. Although you build no burgs for the maidens and leave them to their own devices, there will still remain some. They will come out of woods and caves. They will explain to your descendants that you have willingly been guilty of it. Then you will be damned. Aghast, your spirits will rise from the graves. They will call upon Wralda, and upon Frya and her maidens, but no one will be able to help in any way before the Yule enters a new cycle. That, however, will only happen when three thousand years have passed, after this century.



Short reference list:
  • Wralda is also referred to as: Wralda's spirit (GÁST), Allfeeder/-father (FÉDER), God (GOD), (supreme) being (DROCHTEN)
  • Symbols or concepts representing Wralda: Yule, 'Aewa'
  • Wralda's spirit: 2f, 4e, 4f, 8a, 8b, 13f, 13i, 15c
  • Wralda providing forces/ inspiration/ sense of justice: 2b, 2f, 4d, 6, 13f, 13g, 15c, 16a, 16e, 18
  • (Related, overlapping:) Wralda believed to have will/ intention/ influence over events: B, 2b, 2f, 4f, 13g, 14d, 14e, 16b, 18, 19c, 19d
  • Wralda not responsible for misery: 15e, 16f
  • Wralda (also) as world: 3b, 7a, 13f, 16b
  • Wralda's sea: 2e, 7a

22 July 2018

Future and posterity

Father Time at the portal to the future,
1795 (cropped, source)
... or descendants, lineage, offspring, progeny, successors

Varieties in Oera Linda with fragment number and modern cognates

TO.KVMSTE (future, lit. 'to-coming') - 1
Dutch: toekomst, German: Zukunft, Frisian: takomst, Afrikaans: toekoms

KOM.OF (descent, lit. 'come-off') - 2
Dutch: komaf/ afkomst, Afrikaans: afkoms (German: Abstammung)

OFSTAMED (past-perfect: descended, lit. 'stemmed-off') - 3
Inf. verb Dutch: afstammen, German: abstammen, Afrikaans: afstam

noun:
ÀFTER.KVMANDE - 4,5,10a,12,14,17 
ÀFTER.KVMANDA - 6,9,10b,13,15,16
AFTER.KVMAND - 7
ÀFTERKOMANDA - 11
(descendants, lit. 'after-coming'; Dutch: nakomelingen, German: Nachkommen)
Swedish: avkommor, Danish: afkom, Norse: avkom, Icelandic: afkvæmi
as adjective:
ET ÀFTERKVMANDE SLACHT (future generations) - 8

Scale of Time from the early ages to the present, source:
Aus Deutschlands Vor- und Frühzeit, Artgemeinschaft-GGG '09

Oera Linda fragments

1 [034/18]  
THISE ÀJAR SEND THAT SINE.BYLD FON FRYA.S RÉD.JÉVINGA 
WÉRIN VSA TO.KVMSTE FORHÉLEN HLÉIT ÀND FON ÉL THÀT MÀNNESKALIK.SLACHTE.
These eggs are the symbol of Frya's counsels, 
in which our future, and that of all humankind, lies concealed.
============
2 [056/07]
SIN TOGHATER HÉDE EN SVN BI WODIN WVNEN. 
ÀND NW WILDE THENE MÁGÍ THAT THISSE FON EN HÁGE KOM.OF WÉSA SKOLDE.
his daughter had born a son by Wodin, 
and the magus now declared this son to be of high descent.
============
3 [069/01]
THI KÀNING WAS FON TÜNIS OFSTAMED 
The king was a descendant [lit. 'had descended of'] of Tunis
============
4 [020/02]
THENE GRÉVA SKIL NJVDA THAT ALRA EK SIN DÉL BIDONGTH ÀND GOD HALD 
TILTHJU THA ÀFTER.KVMANDE NÉN SKADA NAVT NE LYDA NE MVGE.
the reeve shall take care that all users fertilize and nurture their part, 
so that posterity will not suffer loss.

5 [024/23]
HETH THENE KÉNING EN FRÉSALIK FOLK OF SLAGEN 
SÁ MÜGON SINA ÀFTER.KVMANDE SIN NÁMA ÀFTER HJARA ÀJNE FORA.
If a king has defeated a terrifying folk, 
his descendants may use his name after their own.

6 [045/27]
THAT THA ÀFTERKVMANDA THÉROF THJU BITJVDNESE RING VRLÉREN HÀVE
that her descendants soon lost the meaning of it.

7 [070/27]
THA AFTER.KVMAND AGON TO WÉTANE. THAT WI HIR NAVT THRVCH LEST NER WELD KVMEN SEND.
those who come after us must know that we did not come here by cunning or violence

8 [089/27]
IK SKRÍW ALLÉNA FÁRET ÀFTERKVMANDE SLACHT
I am only writing for future generations

9 [090/30]
NÉI RJUCHT MACHTON SINA ÀFTERKVMANDA THUS NÉN OVERA LINDA ÀFTE HJARA NÔMUN NAVT NE FORA
According to the law, his descendants could thus not use Overa Linda as their surname

 10 [118/16]
AS RÉK SKIL HJARA BLOD VRFLJUCHTA. 
TIL ER TO THA LESTA NAVT OWERS AS FRYA.S BLOD IN HJARA ÀFTERKVMANDE SKIL BILÍWA. 
SÁ SEND HJA HÍR BILÉWEN. 
NW WINSTIK WEL THÀT MINA ÀFTERKVMANDA THÉRVP LETTA. HO FÉR GOSA WÉRHÉD SPREK.
their Lyda's blood will dissolve like smoke, 
until eventually only Frya's blood will remain in their descendants
That is how they stayed here. 
I hope my descendants will ascertain to what extent Gosa was right.

11 [131/27]
THÀN SKILUN THA ÀFTERKOMANDA WÁNA THÀT THA LÉKA ÀND BRÉKA THÉR THA BROK.MANNA MITHBROCHT HÀVE. ÀJEN WERE AN HJARA ÉTHLA.
posterity might think that the defects which the Brokmen brought here belong to their ancestral heritage.

12 [142/22]
FON THRJU WORDA SKILUN VSA ÀFTERKVMANDE AN HJARA LJUDA ÀND SLÁVONA THA BITHJUTNESSE LÉRA.
Of three concepts, our descendants will teach their people and slaves the meaning

13 [192/14]
JOW ÀFTER.KVMANDA SKILUN THÉRMITH FÉTARATH WERTHA. 
HJA NE SKILUN NAVT NE BIGRIPA HWÁNAT THI SLÁGA WÉI KVME.
Your descendants will be scourged with it. 
They will not understand from whence the lashes come.

14 [192/21]
HJA SKILUN JOW ÀFTERKVMANDE BIWÍSA. THÀT JY THÉR WILLENS SKILDECH AN SEND.
They will explain to your descendants that you have willingly been guilty of it.

15 [199/04]
MONG THA AFTERKVMANDA THÉRA KÀLTANA FOLGAR HÀVATH SVME JETA ÍSERA WÉPNE
Among the descendants of the Kelta followers, some still have iron weapons

16 [199/13]
SUNT VNHÜGLIKA TIDUM HÀVON RA THÉR ÁK ÀFTER.KVMANDA FON LYDA ÀND FON FINDA NITHER SET.
since times immemorial, descendants of Lyda and Finda have also settled there

17 [200/28]
THÉRVMBE WILDON THA FÁMNA FON THA ÀFTERKVMANDE THÉRA KÀLTANA FOLGAR THA BURCH WITHER HÁ.
Thus, the maidens of the descendants of the Kelta followers wanted the burg back.

12 July 2018

SIAK, SIAKTE ~ sick, sickness

Gabriël Metsu, "The sick child"
ca. 1665 (cropped)
Modern cognates:
sick, sickness - English
ziek, ziekte - Dutch
siek, siekte - Afrikaans
siik, sykte - Frisian
siech, siechthum - German
syg, sygdom - Danish
syk, sykdom - Norse
sjuk, sjukdom - Swedish

Varieties in Oera Linda:


adjective: sick/ ill
SIAK (ill) - 3,4,5
SÍAKA FJA (sick cattle) - 1
noun (plural): the sick (people)
THA SJAKA TO LÉVANDE (to nurse/cure? the sick) - 2
noun: sickness/ disease
LVNG.SÍAKTE (lung disease) - 1

Fragments in Oera Linda:

1 [003/24]
THÀNK ÍNES. THÉR WAS HÍR WÉSEN EN HÀRDE LVNG.SÍAKTE AMONG.ETH FJA
ÀND THÀT.ER THÉR JETA ÀRG WDE.
SKOLDE J.ETH THÀN WEL WÁGJA
VMBE JVW HÉLENA FJA TO FARANDE AMONG HJARA SÍAKA FJA.

Imagine if our cattle had been plagued by a serious lung disease,
which was still raging badly there.
Would you then risk
mixing your healthy animals with their sick ones?



2 [038/20]
INSTÉDE FON THA FÁMKES WIS TO MÁKJANDE.
ÀND AFTERNÉI ÉMONG THÀT FOLK TO SENDA.
THA SJAKA TO LÉVANDE. ÀND THA BÀRN TO LÉRANDE.

instead of properly educating these maidens
before sending them among the people,
to nurse the sick and teach the children,


3 [090/05]
MIN TÁT THÉR SIAK LÉIDE IS FON SKRIK VRSTURVEN.
My father was already ill and died of shock.

4 [120/29]
WICH.HIRTE LÉIDE SIAK TO BEDDE.
Wichard lay ill in bed.

5 [121/28]
WICH.HIRTE WAS WITHER SIAK WRDEN
Wichard had fallen ill again,

27 June 2018

BLOD ~ blood

still from marriage scene in Hvíti víkingurinn (1991)
blod - Danish, Norse, Swedish
blóð - Icelandic, Faroese
blood - English
bloed - Dutch, Frisian, Afrikaans (pronounced as in German:)
Blut - German

Some of the very different words in other languages:
sanguis - Latin
haema (αίμα) - Greek
veri - Finnish

Various contexts (fragment nrs.):
bloodbath (mass conflict): 1,12,13,18,22,23,25,28,29

Frya's blood (white race): 8,9,15,21,26,27
contaminated (bastard) blood (mixed race): 2,4,15,16,17,27
foreign (Finda or Lyda) blood (yellow and black race): 5,27
blood-tie, genes in general: 19,20,21

other (energy, life force): 3,14
its red colour: 6

SWART BLOD (black blood): 11

BLODSÛGAR (leaches, 'bloodsuckers'): 10
BLOD.THORSTICH (bloodthirsty): 24

BLODICH (bloody): 7

(Illustrating the symbolic significance of blood in the German Reich:)
"German woman!
Keep your blood pure"
"Blood and Soil"
"Alike blood, alike
duty, alike honour"
(idem in the Netherlands:) Fragments of Dutch National anthems (both 1st line): (1) "Wilhelmus", written ca. 1570, Nat. anthem since 1933; (2) "Wien Neêrlands bloed", Nat. Anthem between 1817 and 1933.
(1) "... am I of Dutch/German blood"
(2) "... Dutch blood ... uncontaminated"

Fragments [page/line]:

1 [009/13]  
THA WÀRTH JRTHA FVL BLOD.
ÀND THA HAVEDA THÉR MÀNNISKA MÀJADON THIN BÀRN LIK GÀRS.HÀLMA OF.
Then earth overflowed with blood,
as your children mowed down the heads of people like blades of grass.

2 [012/20]  
THÉR SIN ÀJN FRYDOM VRSELLATH. THAM N.IS NAVT FON JVW FOLK.
HI IS EN HORNING MITH BASTERD BLOD.
(...) who sells his own freedom, he is not of your folk.
He is a product of adultery and has bastard blood.

3 [035/11]  
TILTHJU HJA THAM TO BÉTRE MÜGE FÁTA VMBER SLÁVONA FON TO MÁKJANDE
ÀND HJARA BLOD UT TO SÛGANE. ÉVEN AS VAMPÍRA DVA.
so they can more easily seize and enslave them,
and suck their blood like leeches [lit. 'belly-worms'?].

4 [043/02]  
HWA (...) NIS NÉN FRYA.S. HI IS EN HORNING MITH BASTERDE BLOD.
He (...) is no Frya; he is the product of adultery and has contaminated blood.

5 [043/29]  
THAM WÉRE ALLÉNA WROCHT UT FINDA.S BLOD.
he can only have sprung from Finda's blood.

6 [048/12]  
WARTH ER ÉROST EN B TO FARA HIARA STÀR PRIKED.
THA BANA MITH RÁDE. BLOD. FARVE ÀND THA ÔRA MISDÉDAR MITH BLÀWE FARVE.
a ‘B’ was tattooed on their foreheads first;
murderers with blood-red dye and other criminals with blue dye.

7 [051/30]  
AFSKÉN HJARA FÉRSTA ALGADUR DROV ÀND BLODICH SEND
although their feasts are altogether dreary and bloody

8 [073/23]  
THA THÍRJAR STJÛRAR THÉR JETA FRYA.S BLOD INT LIF HÉDE
the Tyrian steersmen, who still had Frya's blood in their veins

9 [076/13]
FON THISSE KÉNING IS HÍR EN SKRÍVER AFTER BILÉWEN FON RÉN FRYA.S BLOD
From this king a writer of pure Frya's blood remained here

10 [079/07]
BLODSÛGAR POGGA ÀND FENINIGA SNÁKA
leeches [lit. 'bloodsuckers'], toads and poisonous snakes

11 [082/29]
THISSE NAM SIN SWÉRD ÀND HIF THENE FIN THRVCH SINA HOLE.
THÉRUT FLÁT SWART BLOD ÀND THÉRVR SWÉFDE.N BLÁWE LOGHA.
He took his sword and split the Finn's head.
The blood that ran out of it was black and produced a blue flame. [lit. 'from it black blood ran and...']

12 [084/03]
JETA THÛSEND JÉR SKIL THJU SPÉKE THEN DEL NÍGA ÀND AL MARA SÍGA ANDA THJUSTERNESSE
ÀND IN BLOD. OVIR THI UTSTIRTH THRVCH THA LÁGA THÉR FORSTA ÀND PRESTERA.
Another thousand years the spoke shall descend and ever more sink into darkness
and blood, shed over you when princes and priests deceive.

13 [084/16]
THAT BLOD THÉRA ÀRGUM SKIL OVIR THIN LIF STRÁMA
MEN THV NE MÜGTH ET NAVT TO THI NÉMA.
TO THA LESTA SKIL THAT FENINIGE KWIK THÉR VP ÁSA ÀND THÉROF STERVA.
Blood of the villains will flow over you, [O earth,]
but you must not absorb it.
Toxic creatures will drink it and perish.

14 [100/29]
GÍRIGA DROCHTNE FVL NÍD ÀND TORN.
THAM ÉRATH ÀND THJANATH WILLATH WÉSA. THRVCH THA MÀNNISKA.
THÉR BLOD ÀND OFFER WILLA ÀND SKÀT ASKJA.
greedy divinities, full of envy and wrath,
who want to be honoured and served by the people,
who want blood and sacrifice and demand rich offerings.

15 [118/16]
AS RÉK SKIL HJARA BLOD VRFLJUCHTA. TIL ER TO THA LESTA
NAVT OWERS AS FRYA.S BLOD IN HJARA ÀFTERKVMANDE SKIL BILÍWA
their [Lyda's] blood will dissolve like smoke, until eventually
only Frya's blood will remain in their descendants.

16 [125/21]
THIT HÉDE WI DÉN THRVCH ATH.SKIP TOFARA NÉARCHUS.
WAND WI HIM FAR BASTERD BLOD BIKÀNDE
THRVCH SIN FRISKA HUD AND BLÁWA ÁGON MITH WIT HÉR.
We had done this as allies of Nearchus,
since we knew he was partly of our blood (lit. 'bastard/mixed blood'),
having a fair skin, blue eyes and white hair.

17 [131/12]
THÉR WÉRON FON BASTERDE BLODE. THISSA MACHTON BILIWA.
Those of mixed blood were allowed to stay

18 [136/04]
JRTHA HETH HJARA BLOD DRONKEN.
MITH THÀT BLOD FODE HJU FRÜCHDA ÀND NOCHTA ÀND ALLE THAM THÉR OF ÉTON WRDON WIS.
Earth drank their blood.
From that blood she grew fruits and grains and all who ate thereof became wise.

19 [136/16]
VMB SKÔM TO VNKVMA MOSTON HJA HJARA ÀJEN BLOD VNKVMA.
To avoid shame, they had to deny their own blood.

20 [136/31]
MEN HJA NE THVRADON HIM NAVT AVBÉR BIKÀNÁ AS HJARA ÀJNE BLOD.
but they still dared not openly acknowledge him as their own blood.

21 [140/25]
THISSA SKILUN WÉSA UT FORSTA BLOD. FON PRESTERUM BLOD
FON SLÁVONUM BLOD ÀND FON FRYA.S BLOD.
They will be of royal blood, of priestly blood,
of slaves' blood and of Frya's blood.

22 [141/03]
BLOD SKIL STRÁMA. MEN THÉRUT SKILET FOLK NYE KRÀFTA GÁRA.
Blood will flow, but from it the folk will gather new strength.

23 [142/11]
SÁ FÉLO LÉD SKIL HJU BRODA.
THÀT JRTHA.T BLOD ALGÁDVR NAVT DRINKA NE KÀN. FON HJRA VRSLÉJANA BERNUM.
It will breed so much suffering
that earth cannot drink all the blood of her slain children.

24 [157/10]
THÉRFON SEND THA TWISK.LÁNDAR ALSA BLOD.THORSTICH WRDEN
This is how the Twisklanders have become so bloodthirsty.

25 [197/26]
THA GOLA MÉJEATH THEN THA NITHER LÉGA FON HJARA HELPAR AND SALT.ÁTHUM
VPPA VSA FJELDUM SKRÍWA MITH.ET BLOD THÀT ÛT HJARA WNDUM DRJUPTH.
The Gols may then write of the defeats of their helpers and mercenaries
in our fields with the blood that drips from their wounds.

26 [198/21]
THÉR SIT EN SKOTS FOLK. VR.ET MÁRA DÉL ÛT FRYA.S BLOD SPROTEN.
a ‘skots’ or tough folk dwells; mostly of Frya's blood.

27 [199/30]
THA FHONÍSJAR SEND EN BASTRED FOLK.
HJA SEND FON FRYA.S BLOD. ÀND FON FINDA.S BLOD ÀND FON LYDA HIS BLOD.
The Phoenicians are a bastard folk;
a mix of Frya's, Finda's and Lyda's blood.

28 [201/12]
ORLOCH WAS MITH KVMEN ÀND KIRT ÀFTER
FLOJADON STRÁMA BLOD BY THA HELLINGA THÉRA BERGUM DEL.
War had come with him and, before long,
streams of blood flowed down the mountain slopes.


29 [203/04]
BOPPA FRIA.S LANDUM SWABBERT RANP MITH JUK ÀND KÉDNE OMME
THÉRVMBE MOTON ALLE FOLKAR THÉR ÛT FRIA SPROTEN SEND
HJARA TONÔMA WÉI WERPA ÀND HJARA SELVA ALLÉNA FRIA.S BERN JEFTHA FOLK HÉTA.
FORTH MOTON ALLE VPSTONDA ÀND ET FINDA.S FOLK FON FRIAS ERV DRÍVA.
NILLATH HJA THAT NAVT NE DVA ALSA SKILUN HJA SLÁVONA BENDA VMBE HJARA HALSA KRÉJA.
ALSA SKILUN THA VRLANDASKA HÉRA HJARA BERN MISBRUKA ÀND FYTRA LÉTA
TILTHJU THÀT BLOD SÍGATH INNA JOWRE GRÉVA.
THÀN SKILUN THA SKINNA JOWRE ÉTHLA JO KVMA WEKJA ÀND JO BIKÍVJA VR JO LEFHÉD ÀND VNDIGERHÉD.
‘Disaster hovers over Frya's lands carrying yoke and chains,
so all tribes that have sprung from Frya's blood
must cast aside their nicknames and only call themselves Frya's children or folk.
You must all rise and expel Finda's folk from Frya's domain.
If you do not, you shall find slave chains placed around your necks.
The foreign masters will abuse your children and have them lashed
until their blood seeps into your graves.
The spirits of your ancestors will come to wake you up and blame you for your cowardice and carelessness.’

~ ~ ~

Possibly related: BLODE, BLODHÉD (timid, timidity)

[165/28]
THA HINDOS SIND IVIN BLODE ÀND FORFÉRED FROM HJARA FORSTUM (...) 
MÁR FON HJARA BLODHÉD WÀRTH AFGRISLIKA MISBRUK MÁKTH.
The Hindus are just as timid and fearful before their princes (...) 
Their timidity is terribly taken advantage of.

25 June 2018

HÁCH.FÁRANDE, HÁCH.FÁRENHÉD

HÁCH
hege - Frisian
high - English
hoch - German
hoog - Dutch
hög - Swedish
høj - Danish
høy - Norse

FÁRA
fara - Swedish
fahren - German
varen - Dutch
farre - Frisian
'fare' (travel, sail) - English

~ ~ ~

HÁCH.FÁRANDE (fragments 1-2) - haughty, cocky, (too) proud, lit. 'high-faring' (travelling/sailing high)

HÁCH.FÁRENHÉD (fragments 3-4) - haughtiness, cockiness, (excessive) pride, lit. 'high-faringness'

1 [031/15]  
FÉLO SLACHTA FINDA.S SEND SNOD ENOCH.
MEN HJA SEND GÍRICH. HÁCH.FÁRANDE. FALSK. VNKUS ÀND MORT.SJOCHTICH.
Many of Finda’s tribes are clever enough,
but they are greedy, haughty, false, unchaste, and murderous.


2 [053/03]  
KÁT WAS STOLTE ÀND HÁCH.FÁRANDE
THÉRVMBE NE LÉT HJU NÉN RÉD NI FOLLISTAR ANDA MODER NE FRÉJA.
Kate was proud and haughty,
which kept her from asking the mother for advice or assistance.


3 [063/10]  
THENE HÔNA NETH FAR NIMMAN FRJUNDSKIP.
ÀND THRVCH SIN VNTOCHT ÀND HÁCH.FÁRENHÉD.
IS ER VAKEN THENE BÁNA SINRA NÉISTA SIBBA WRDEN.
The rooster, however, has no friendship for anyone,
and his lechery and cockiness
has often made him kill his nearest relatives.



4 [100/13]  
HJARA FALXE RÉDNE ÀND HJARA TÀMLÁSE HÁCH.FAREN.HÉD
HETH RA VPPEN DWÁLWÉI BROCHT.
their false reasoning and ungovernable pride
have caused them to stray from the righteous path.


~ ~ ~
More or less synonymous: OVIRMODICHHÉD

[124/20]  
THÉRVMBE VRDRONK.ER INNA WIN ÀND IN SINA OVIRMODICHHÉD.
in his arrogance, he drowned himself in wine
(lit.: ‘therefore, he drowned in wine and in his overconfidence)

18 June 2018

Index of personal names

(including mythological names)

For introduction and explanation, see previous post.
For chapter and paragraph division see here.

translation original chapter/ paragraph
Abelo ÁBÉLO 1c
Adel ADEL 16b3c/ 17/ 19a
Adelbrost ADELBROST 12/ 13ab2
Adelheart ADELHIRT 13a
Alexander ALEXANDRE/ -ER 14d1
Alrik ÁLRIK 19f
Antigonus ANTIGONUS 14d2
Apol ÁPOL 1bc/ 12/ 13ab1/ 16b1
Apollonia APOLLÁNJA 13ae1-2/ 15a/ 16b3
Askar (also: Black Adel) ÁSKAR 19abcdef
Atharik ÁTHARIK 16b3
Bede BÉDEN 17
Bertholda BERTHHOLDA 16b3
Black Adel (also: Askar) SWARTE ADEL 19a
Bouda (also: Yesus, Fo, Krisen) BÛDA 15b2
Bruno BRUN(N)O 13b1/ 16b2
Calyp KÁLIP 10a
Cecrops SÉKROPS 9c/ 10b
Conrad KONERÉD 15a/ 16a/ 17
Cornelia KORN(H)ÉLJA 16b1
Dela DELA A/ 7b/ 8b2-3/ 14a/ 15b2
Demetrius (nicknamed ‘Besieger of Cities’) DEMÉTRIUS 14d2
Diana THJANJA 14f
Diwek DÍWEK 1c
Dunerose DUNRÔS 1c
Enoch ENOCH 1c
Finda FINDA see geography list
Fo (also: Yesus, Krisen, Bouda) 15b2
Foppo FOPPO 1c
Frana FRÁNA 11b/ 15ac
Frederick FRÉTHORIK 14af/ 15a/ 16a
Frethogunsta FRÉTHOGUNSTA 19d
Friso FRISO 14cd2/ 16b1-2-3c/ 18/ 19a
Frulik FRULIK 15a
Frya FRYA see geography list
Gerda GÉRT 9c
Godfreyath GODFRÉJATH 6
Gosa (surnamed ‘Makonta’) GOSA (MAKONTA) 14bc/ 15ad/ 16b1-3c
Heahgan HÁCHGÁNA 15a/ 17
Helena (also: Nyhellenia) HELLÉNJA 4d/ 9c/ 14f/ 15ab1-2
Helprik HELPRIK 9a2
Hetto HETTO 16b1
Hidde HIDDE A
Ifkja JFKJA 16b3c
Inka INKA 8b1-2
Jon/Jôn/John/Jan J(H)ON/ JÁN 9a2b
Kate/ Katherine, KÁT(ERINNE) 8ab1/ 10a
Kauch/ Kaep KÁVCH/ KÁP 16b1
Kelta KÀLTA 9a1-2-3b/ 19b
Koneread – see Conrad

Krisen (also: Yesus, Fo, Bouda) KRISEN 15b2
Liko LIKO B
Liudgerd LJÛDGÉRT 12/ 14d1/ 16d
Lyda LYDA see geography list
Makonta – see Gosa

Medea MÉDÉA 14f
Minerva MINERVA 4d/ 9a1-2bc
Minna MINNA 8a
Minos MINNO 4ac1de
Nearchus NÉARCHUS 14d1-2
Nef-Tunis – see Tunis

Nocht NOCHT 15a
Nyhellenia (also: Helena) NYHELLÉNJA 4d/ 9a1c
Oera Linda OERA/ OVIRA/ OVERA LINDA A/ B/ 13a/ 14a
Okke OKKE A
Ovira/ Overa Linda – see Oera Linda

Pier PIRE 9c
Prontlik PRONTLIK 19de
Ptolemy PTHOLEMÉUS 14d2
Reintia RÉINTJA 19cdf
Rika RIKA 18
Rosemouth/ -mond RÔSAMVDA/ -MOND 9a12
Siuchtheart SJUCHTHIRTE 16b1
Sterik STERIK 8b1
Storo STORO 1c
Suobene SVÔBENE 16b3
Sweetheart SWÉTHIRTE 16b3
Syrhed SÍRHÉD 9a1a2
Sytia SYTJA 1c
Thyr- – see Tyr-

Tonia TÜNTJA 1b/ 13b1/ 15c
Traest TRÁST 13d
Tunis/ Nef-Tunis (NÉF) TÜNIS 8b1-2-3/ 9b
Tutia TUTJA 8b2
Týr THÍR 8b3 (also see geography list)
Ulysses ÛLYSUS 10a
Vesta FÀSTA 2ad/ 2e1-2/ 4d/ 6/ 13d/ 14f/ 16d
Weamod WÉMOD 16b1
Wichard WICHHIRTE 14cd1-2/ 16b1
Wilfrid WILFRÉTHE 16b1
Wilhim WILHIM 16b1
Wilyo WILJO(W) 15a/ 16a
Witto WITTO 16b1
Wodin WODIN 8b1/ 11a/ 19f
Yaltia JALTJA 1c
Yesus (also: Fo, Krisen, Bouda) JESUS 15b2

Index of geographical-, burg- and tribal names

The greatest dilemma in translating the Oera Linda-book is how to deal with personal and geographical names. Sometimes it seems better to keep the original spelling, while at other times a more well known, modern spelling is more appropriate. Sometimes a name can be literally translated, as it is actually (also) a description. For these reasons, the following lists (personal names index in next blog post) are not to be considered absolute, complete or final. They may still be helpful though.

For chapter and paragraph division see here.

Note: in original spelling column, no distinction was made between A, Á, À / E, É / I, Í, J, Y and V, U, Û, Ü. Also, separating dots were left out.

translation original chapter/ paragraph
Adelings/ Adela Followers ADELLINGA/ ÁDELA FOL(LI)STAR 1a/ 13ac1/ 16b3c
Aken AKEN 1c/ 16b3
Alderga ALDE(R)GÁ 8ab1/ 9a2/ 11c/ 13e2/ 14ac/ 16b1-3
Aldergamouth – see Alderga

Aldland/ Atland ALDLAND/ ÁTLAND A/ 3c1/ 7b/ 8ab2-3/ 9a1/ 10a/ 11ab/ 14a/ 15b2
Alkmarum AL(I)KMÁRUM 13e2/ 14a
Allemanna ALLEMANNA 19f
Almanland ALMAN(A)LAND 4c1/ 8b3/ 10a
Angelara ANGELARA 7a
Athena ATHENJA 4e/ 9bc/ 10ab/ 14d1-2
Atland – see Aldland

Attica ATTIKA 9b
Balda/ Baltic Sea BALDA SÉ 16b1/ 19ce
Beachcombers – see Jutters

Britannia BRIT(T)ANJA 7a/ 8c/ 9a1-2-3/ 14d2/ 19be
Brokmen BROKMANNA 14f
Buda BVDA 1c
Coast-dwellers – see Kaedhomer

Creil Woods KRÍL(INGER) WALD 11c/ 19d
Crete/ Cretans KRÉTA// KRÉTAR 4c1e
Denmarks (or: low marks)/ Danes DEN(N)E/-A MARKA/ -UM// DÉNE/-A MARKAR 7a/ 8ab1-2/ 9a1/ 11abc/ 14ae/ 16b1-3/ 19cd
Distant-Greeklands – see Greeklands

Dokhem DOKHÉM 12
Druids – see Trowids

Ealands – see Sealands

Eamouth ÉMVDE/ -A 8b1/ 14c
East Fleeland – also see (West/ Southern) Fleeland(s) ÁSTFLÍLÁND 1c/ 8ab1
East Sea ASTER SÉ 7a
East-Skeanlanders ÁST SKÉNLANDAR 16c
Egmuda EGMVDA 19f
Egypt/ Egyptian(s) ÉGIPTALAND(-UM/-A/-E)// ÉGIPTISKA// ÉGIPTALANDAR 8ab2/ 9c/ 10b/ 14d2
Euphrates ÉUPHRAT 14d1
Finda/ Finda's Folk FINDA (LAND/ FOLK/ SLACHTA) 2bc2d/ 3c1/ 4c2-3e/ 5a2b2/ 6/ 7ab/ 8ab2/ 9b/ 13c2e2/ 15b2/ 16b3cd/ 19bc
Findasland FINDASLAND 8b3/ 15b2
Finns FINNA/ -UM (sing. FIN) 1b/ 6/ 8ab1-3/ 11abc/ 14f
Five Waters – see Punjab

Flee FLÍ 4e/ 13e2/ 16b1/ 19e
Flee Lake FLÍMAR(E) 8b3/ 9a1-2b/ 11c/ 14ac/ 16b2
Fleeburg FLÍBURCH 9a1-2
Fleeland – also see West, East and Southern Fleeland(s) FLÍLÁND 2c3/ 8b2
Fleemouth – see (mouth of the) Flee

Forana FORÁNA 1c/ 13e2/ 14b/ 19f
Franks FRANKA 16b3/ 19f (also see 19c)
Frees (or Franks) FRÍA 16b3
Frya(s)/ Frya's Folk etc. FRYA(S) (FOLK/ BERN/ BÀRN) B/ 1b/ 2abc2-3de1-2/ 3abc1-2-3/ 4bc1-2-3d/ 5a2b1-2c/ 6/ 8ab1/ 9a1-3bc/ 10ab/ 11abc/ 13b1-3c1-2de2/ 14abd1-2ef/ 15b1-2c/ 16ab1-2-3c/ 18/ 19abcdf
Fryasburg (incl. Old-/ New-) (ALD/ NY) FRYAS BURCH 1c/ 2a/ 8b3/ 10a/ 12/ 13e1-2/ 14a/ 16c
Fryasland FRYAS LAND/ LÔND 13b1/ 14ad1-2/ 16d
Gadir – see Kaedik

Ganges GONGGA 14d1/ 16d
Gedrosians (Gedrostne) GEDROSTNE 16d
Gerdmania/ Gerdman/ -men – also see New Gerdmania GÉRTMAN(N)JA// GÉRTMAN(N)(A) 9c/ 14cf/ 16b1-3d
Godaburg GODA (HIS) BURCH 8a/ 13b1
Gols GOLA/ -UM/ GVLUM 8c/ 9a1-3b/ 12/ 16b1-2c/ 19abcf
Gols' followers – see Gols

Greanega GRÉNEGÁ 12/ 19de
Greeklands/ Greeks (sometimes distinguished ‘near’and ‘distant’) KRÉKA/-E LANDA/ -UM// KRÉKALANDER/ -AR 4d/ 7a/ 8b3/ 9b/ 10ab/ 13e2/ 14cd1-2f/ 16b1/ 19b
Hals HALS 19cd
Helena followers HÉL(L)ÉN(J)A FOLGAR 14c/ 16c
Hellingers (Hellenes) HELLINGGAR 9b
Highmarks HÁGA MARKA 7a
Himalaya HIM(M)ELLÀJA 16d
Hindus HINDOS 16d
Holt-dwellers (in “Holt or Wood-dwellers”) HOLTSÁTA 7a
Ionians – see Jon's Islands

Ira ÍRA 16d
Jon's (Ionian) Islands J(H)ON HIS ÉLANDA/ -UM// JO(H)NJAR 9b/ 10a/ 14cd1-2f
Jutterland/ Jutters JUTTAR LÁND/ JUTTAR 7a/ 16b1/ 19de
Kaedhomer (coast-dwellers) KÁDHÉMAR 7a
Kaedik/ Gadir KÁDIK 8b2
Kashmir KASAMÍR 15b2
Kate's Gate KÁT (HI)S GAT 8b1/ 16b1
Katsburg KÁTS/ KATTA BURCH 1c/ 16b1-2
Kearenek (Kearenherne) KÉRENÀK (-HERNE) 9a3/ 19b
Kelta's Burg KÀLTAS BURCH 9a3
Keltic lands KÀLTANAR LANDUM 16b1
Kelts/ Kelta followers KÀLT(AN)A FOLGAR 9a3/ 16b1c/ 19b
Krékalanda – see Greeklands

Lake-dwellers/ Marsata MÁRSÁTA 7a/ 13e2/ 16b3
Land-dwellers LÁNDSÁTON 7a
Lets/ lefts LÉTNE 7a/ 16b1
Lindaheim LINDAHÉM 1c/ 4c1/ 16a
Lindasburg/ Lindasnose LINDAS BURCH/ NÔSE 13a/ 14e/ 16b1
Lindashores LINDA WRDA 1c/ 4c1/ 12/ 14a/ 16a
Lindasnose – see Lindasburg

Lindawards – see Lindashores

Lindawood LINDA WALD 13b2e1
Lithauers (Lithuanians) HLIT(H)HÁWAR 19cf
Liudburg LJVDBURCH 1c
Liudgarda LJVDGÁRDA/ -GÁRDNE 1c/ 13e1/ 14a/ 16a
Liudwerd LJUDWERD(E)/ -WARDJA/ LJUWERT/ -WRD A/ B/ 14a/ 16a/ 19d
Low Marks – see Denmarks

Lumkamakia LUMKAMÁKIA 8b1
Lyda/ Lyda's Folk LYDA(S FOLK/ BERN) 2bc1-2d/ 4c2/ 13e2/ 14b/ 15b2/ 16c/ 19b
Lydasburg LYDA ((HI)S) BURCH 13e2/ 14ab/ 16b3
Lydasland/ Lydia LYDA HIS LAND/ LYDJA 7a/ 8b3/ 9b
Magyars MAGÍARA/ -UM 1b/ 8ab1-3/ 9a1/ 13b2/ 16b1c/ 19cdf
Mannagardaforda/ Mannagardawaerda MANNAGARDAFORDA/ -WRDA 1c/ 13e2/ 16b2
Marsata – see Lake-dwellers

Massilia – see Missellia

Medea-mei-lakkia MÉDÉA MÉI LAKKIA 11c
Medeasblik MÉDÉAS BLIK 1bc/ 2a/ 8a/ 11c/ 15c
Middle Sea MIDDEL SÉ 7a/ 8b2-3c/ 9a3b/ 14d1/ 19be
Missellia (Massilia) MISSELLJA 8c/ 9a3/ 19b
Near-Greeklands – see Greeklands

Nef-Tunia NÉFTÜNJA 8b3
New Fryasburg – see Fryasburg

New Gerdmania – also see Gerdmania NY GÉRTMANJA 14d1
Northland/ Northmen – also see Skeanland(ers) NORTHLÁND// NORTHLJUD 14e
Old Fryasburg – see Fryasburg

Oryetten (Oritae) ORJETTEN 16d
Over-Scheldt/ the other side of the Scheldt – see Scheldt

Palmland PALMLAND 8c
Pang-ab – see Punjab

Phoenicia FH-/ PHONISJA 8c/ 19be
Phoenician coast PHONISIVS/ PHONISI HIS KÁD 8b3/ 14d1
Phoenician(s) F(H)-/ PHONISJAR 13b3/ 14d1-2/ 16a1/ 19b
Pirates' Islands RÁWER ÉLANDA 9b
Punjab (or: Five Waters) PANGAB (FIF WÉTRUM) 9c/ 14d1/ 16d
Red Sea RÁDE SÉ 9c/ 14d1
Rhine/ Rhine dwellers (H)RÉNE/-UM/-A// RÉNHÉMAR 7a/ 9a1/ 13b2de2/ 16b3/ 19cf
Rhodes HRODUS 14d2
Rome ROME 19b
Salamis SALÁMES 14d2
Sandfal SANDFAL 7a/ 9a1
Saxonmarks/ Saxman/ -men SAX(S)(A)N(N)A(R) MARKA/ -UM// SAX(ANA) MAN/-((N)A) 1c/ 7a/ 12/ 13b2e2/ 14ab/ 15a/ 16b1-2-3/ 19bcef
Scheldt SKELDA 7a/ 9a1-2/ 12/ 19acf
Seakampar (sea warriors) SÉKÀMPAR 7a/ 14e
Sealands/ Sealander(s) SÉLANDUM/ ÉLANDUM// SÉLANDAR 16b1
Seine SÉJENE 9a3/ 19e
Seven Islands SJVGON/-UN É-/ÀLANDA 1c/ 9a1/ 14c
Sidon SÍDON 8b3c
Skeanland/ Skeanlanders – also see Northland/ Northmen SKÉNLAND// SKÉNLANDAR/ -ER 8ab1/ 11a/ 13ab1e2/ 14e/ 16a1c/ 19e
Skelda – see Scheldt

Skots (tough) folk SKOTS(-E/-A) (FOLK) 19bf
Slavs (or slaves) SLÁVONA 19a
Southern Fleelands – also see (East/ West) Fleeland SÛDAR FLÍLÁNDA 1c
Staveren/ Stavia STÁV(E)RE(N)/ -ORA/ STÁVJA 1c/ 2ab2/ 8b2/ 11c/ 13de2/ 14bc/ 16b1-2-3/ 18/ 19acdf
Suobaland SVÔBALÁND 16b3
Swetsar (neighbors) SWETSAR 13e2
Tartars TARTARUM/ -A 16b3/ 19ac
Texland TEXLÁND 1c/ 2ac3/ 3a/ 4d/ 8a/ 9b/ 10a/ 11b/ 13b1e1/ 14abe/ 15a/ 16b1-3c/ 19ad
Thioth's Sons THJOTH HIS SVNA 19f
Toletmark TOLÉTMARK 8b3
Treasureburg WARABURCH 1c/ 6/ 8ab2/ 13e2
Trowids (Druids)/ Trowends (AN A) TROW (E)WÍD(EN)A/ TRJVWENDNE 8c/ 12
Troy TROJA/ -E 10a/ 19b
Twiskland(s)/ Twisk(land)ers TWISKLÁND(A)// TWISK(LÁND)AR 7ab/ 8a/ 13b1e2/ 15b1/ 16b3/ 18/ 19cf
Tyre/ Tyr's Burg/ Tyrians THÍR (H)IS (BURCH)// THÍRJAR 6/ 8b3/ 9a3bc/ 14d1
Upsalands VPSALÁNDUM 1b
Walhallagara WALHALLAGÁRA 1c/ 9a1/ 10a/ 14c/ 16b3
Weser WRSARA 1ab/ 12/ 13b1
West Fleeland – also see (East/ Southern) Fleeland(s) WEST FLÍLÁND 1c/ 8b3/ 14ab/ 16b3
Westland WESTLAND 7a
Wieringen WÍRINGGA 4c1/ 8b3
Wood-dwellers WODSÁTA 7a
Wralda's Sea WRALDAS SÉ 7a