20 December 2016

ÉWEND or ÉVIND ~ eve, evening

"Vismarkt bij avond" (fish-market in the evening)
by Egbert Lievensz. van der Poel, ca.1650 (crop)
Modern languages:
eve, evening - English
avond - Dutch
Abend - German
aand - Afrikaans
aften - Danish
afton (or: kväll) - Swedish
(kveld - Norse)
(kvöld - Icelandic)
(jûn, joun - Frisian)

Old varieties:
āƀand - Old Saxon
āband - Old High German
āvend, ēvend - Old Frisian
ǣfen - Old English
aptann - Old Norse
afton, aftan, aptan - Old Swedish

From English etymology site:
evening (n.) from Old English æfnung "the coming of evening, sunset, time around sunset," verbal noun from æfnian "become evening, grow toward evening," from æfen "evening" (see eve).
eve (n.) c. 1200, eve "evening," especially the time between sunset and darkness, from Old English æfen (...) Old Saxon aband, Old Frisian ewnd, Dutch avond, Old High German aband, German Abend, Old Norse aptann, Danish aften (...)
Dutch etymology states that the origin is unclear:
"Volgens een recente theorie wijzen de ongewone wisselingen en de beperkte verspreiding van het woord op niet-Indo-Europese herkomst." (According to a recent theory, the uncommon changes/varieties and the limited spread of the word suggest a non-Indo-European origin.)

OLB has three fragments with the word, in two varieties:

1 [012/23] Frya's Tex
THES MORNES THES MIDDÉIS ÀND THES ÉWENDES

2 [047/25] bad times; on all burgs
BY ÉVIND AN THENE MIDDEL.SÉ

3 [198/07] black Adel
HWAND .S.ÉWENDIS FON THÉRE SELVARE DÉI

What is the more pure form, ÉWEND or ÉVIND? É means water elsewhere and WENDA/ WENDE also occur. I have no answer for now. This post is for future reference.

09 December 2016

ÉVIN and Minno's inconsistency

ÉWA SÉIT AK. É.LIK WÉTER.LIK. RJUCHT ÀND SLJUCHT
AS WÉTER THAT THRVCH NÉN STORNE.WIND JEFTA AWET OWERS VRSTOREN IS

On page 32, the old sea-king, visionary and philosopher Minno writes:

[032/01]
THÀT WORD ÉWA IS TO FRÁN VMBE AN MÉNA SÉKA TO NOMANDE. 
THERVMBE HET MÀN VS ÉVIN SEZA LÉRTH.
The word "ÉWA" is too sacred for common use,
therefore we have learned to say "ÉVIN" (even).


But at the very end of his writings, he does exactly that: use ÉWA commonly, where it might just as well have been ÉVIN. As far as I could see, this is the only instance in the whole OLB where ÉWA is used in this way. Did Minno (or one of the copyists) make a joke or a mistake here?

[040/07]
HWAND THÀT HJA FVL SEND MITH FALSKA RENKA. 
ÉWA TO FRÉSANE AS HJARA SWETE WINA MITH DÉJANDE FENIN.
because they are full of false tricks, 
evenly (he uses the word ÉWA) to be feared as their sweet wine with deadly poison.

English etymology-site about even (adj.):
Old English efen "level," also "equal, like; calm, harmonious; equally; quite, fully; namely," [...] Old Saxon eban, Old Frisian even "level, plain, smooth," Dutch even, Old High German eban, German eben, Old Norse jafn, Danish jævn, Gothic ibns [...]
Etymologists are uncertain whether the original sense was "level" or "alike." Used extensively in Old English compounds, with a sense of "fellow, co-" (as in efeneald "of the same age;" Middle English even-sucker "foster-brother"). [...]

Other uses in OLB of ÉVIN/ÉVEN/EVIN/EVEN, often in combination with AS/ALS/ALSA/LIK and BLÍD (with improvised, close-to-original translations):

(just) like, (just) as, evenly, as ... as/so, equally, etc.

[001/23]
ÉVIN AS IK EN WRENTLIKE FOLK.S MODER WÉSEN WÉRE
just like if I had been a true Folk-Mother

[014/005]
J SKILUN THAN ÉVIN FRY BILYVA FON VNFRYA WELD 
AS JVWA SWITE RINSTRAMA FON THÀT SALTE WÉTER THÉR ÀNDELÁSE SÉ
then you would remain evenly free of forced dominance 
as your sweet rivers from the salt water of the endless sea

[033/25]
THA KRÉKALANDER HJA TOMET EVEN HÀRDE MINADE AS VS AJN FOLK
the Creeklanders loved her almost as much as our own folk

[035/06]
THÉR EVEN LIK HI IN KÀRKA ÀND HOLA HÉMA
who, just like he, live in churches and holes

[035/12]
HJARA BLOD UT TO SÛGANE. ÉVEN AS VAMPÍRA DVA
suck their blood, like bellyworms do

[046/07]
DAHWILE WY VSA ALDER ALDESTA SKRIFTUN ÉVIN RÉD LÉSA MÜGA
AS THÉRA THÉR JESTER SKRÉVEN SIND
while we can read our very-oldest scripts as easily 
as those that were written yesterday

[065/10]
GVNGON HJA EVIN DRIST VPPER BURCH LÁS
just as rashly they attacked the burg

[067/09]
KÀLTA THÉR NÉI.T SEZE. ÉVEN.BLÍD VPPET WÉTER AS VPPET LAND HLÁPA MACHTE
Kelta, who allegedly could walk just as easily on water as on land

[070/04]
THÉRVMBE SEND THA É.LANDA EVIN BLÍD RÁWER É.LANDA AS JON.HIS É.LANDA HÉTEN
therefore, the islands are just as easily called Robber-Islands, as Jon's-Islands

[088/08]
ÉVIN MILD FÁR AL HJARA BERN
equally generous to all her children

[102/23]
ÉVIN THA ALDA FON DÉGUM
evenly the old-of-days (the same applies to the elderly)

[111/18]
ÉVIN AS TO LYDA.HIS.BURCH
just like at Lyda's-Burgh

[112/21]
DÁNA IST KVMEN THÀT HJA SÉR WICHANDLIK EWRDEN SEND. 
MEN TOMET ÉVIN DVM SEND ASET KWIK THÀT HJA FÀNSA 
ÀND ÉVIN ERM AS THA TWISK.LÁNDAR HWÉR MITH HJA ORLOGE
The end result is, that they have become very brave, 
but almost as dumb as the animals they catch 
and as poor as the Twisklanders they fight.

[115/14]
ÉVIN SA THET WILDE HORS SINA MÀNNA SKED. 
NÉI THÀT HETH SINA RIDDER GERS.FALLICH MÁKAD HETH. 
ÉVIN SÁ SKEDDE JRTHA HJRA WALDA ÀND BERGA
Just like the wild horse shakes its mane, 
after throwing its rider in the grass, 
so Earth shook her woods and mountains.

[123/05]
VS LÁN SKOLD.VS ÉVIN BLÍD TO DÉLATH WRDE
our wage would be paid to us just as willingly (either way, we would be rewarded)

[139/29]
THAT.ER ÉVIN VNFORSTOREN WRDE THÀT KALDE STÉN
that he becomes as imperturbable as cold stone

[150/32]
ÉVIN AS.ER HETTO NÉI KATTA.BURCH SKIKTE
just like he sent Hetto to Kattaburgh

[157/21]
ÉVIN AS A.POL.LÁNJA BISKOJADON HJA ÀFTERNÉI LYDA.S BURCH ÀND ET ALDER.GÁ
just like Apollania, they afterwards visited Lydasburgh and the Alderga

[159/25]
ÉVIN BLÍD AS.T SÉD THÉRA GODA KRÛDUM FON VNDERNE GRVND UT VNTKÉMTH (...) 
ÉVEN BLÍD BRENGTH TÍD THA SKADLIKA KRUDA AN.T LJUCHT
Just as the seed of good herbs springs up from the ground (...)
so time brings to light the harmful seed

[160/26]
THÉRTHRVCH MÉI THAT ÉNE FOLK THÀT ÔRE FOLK ÉVIN MIN FORSTÁN
AS THJU KV THENE HVND ÀND THI WOLF THÀT SKÉP
as a result, the one folk can just as little understand the other folk,
as the cow the dog and the wolf the sheep

[161/15]
SÁ DVATH STV ÉVIN ALSA
then you must do just the same

[161/30]
THAT FRYA.S JEFTHA GOD.IS TÁLE HIR ÉVIN VNFORLETH BIHALDEN IS
that Frya's or God's language was preserved equally undamaged here

[165/03]
ÉVIN ALS WY.T FRÁNA LJUCHT FON FÀSTA VPHOLDA.
ÉVIN SÁ HOLDON SE ÔLLERWECHS FJUR IN HJARA HÛSA VP
just like we uphold the sacred light of Festa,
so they hold up fire in all their houses

[191/01]
ÉVIN AS THAM MITHA MÀNNUM INOVIR THA HÛSHALDNE WELDE 
GVNG.ER MITH THA KÀNINGGAR INOVIR HJARA STÁT AND FOLKAR DVAN
just like it ruled over the households through the men
it went on ruling over their state and peoples through the kings

[195/19]
THÁ WILD.ER ÉVIN GOD SIN AMBT BIHALDA
then he wished to retain his office as well

[209/01]
LÉTAR HÀVON HJA FON.ET SLÁVONA FOLK WIVA RÁVATH ÉVIN SA THA HLITHÁWAR
later they have stolen wives from the Slave-folk, just like the Hlitháwar